HBase的三种操作方式

在《Hadoop 2.2.0和HBase 0.98.11伪分布式》中已经安装好了伪分布式的HBase,而且可以启动起来了。

执行hbase shell命令进入shell,出现SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.错误,将其中一个SLF4J删掉即可:
mv apple/hbase/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.4.jar apple/hbase/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.4.jar.bak

然后依次执行下表中的命令来测试HBase:

作用 命令
查看有哪些表 list
创建表test,只有一个data列族 create 'test', 'data'
插入数据 put 'test', '2343', 'data:name', 'helo'
扫描表 scan 'test'
禁用表 disable 'test'
删除表 drop 'test'

java API

通过java API来使用HBase。
先试试能不能建一个表。

import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ZooKeeperConnectionException;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    throws MasterNotRunningException, ZooKeeperConnectionException, IOException
    {
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();//从配置文件生成
        HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
        HTableDescriptor tableDesc = new HTableDescriptor("test");
        tableDesc.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("info"));
        admin.createTable(tableDesc);
    }
}
javac -cp $(hbase classpath) Test.java
java -cp .:$(hbase classpath) Test

这是我尝试了多次才给整对的,尤其是.:$(hbase classpath),如果没有那个点,会提示找不到类,就是不知道Test是什么东西。

带插入数据的。

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ZooKeeperConnectionException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    throws MasterNotRunningException, ZooKeeperConnectionException, IOException
    {
        String tableName = "test";
        String familyName = "info";

        //创建表
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
        HTableDescriptor tableDesc = new HTableDescriptor(tableName);
        tableDesc.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(familyName));
        admin.createTable(tableDesc);

        //单条插入
        HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName);
        Put putRow = new Put("first".getBytes());
        putRow.add(familyName.getBytes(), "name".getBytes(), "zhangsan".getBytes());
        putRow.add(familyName.getBytes(), "age".getBytes(), "24".getBytes());
        putRow.add(familyName.getBytes(), "city".getBytes(), "chengde".getBytes());
        putRow.add(familyName.getBytes(), "sex".getBytes(), "male".getBytes());
        table.put(putRow);

        //多条插入
        List<Put> list = new ArrayList<Put>();
        Put p = null;
        p = new Put("second".getBytes());
        p.add(familyName.getBytes(), "name".getBytes(), "wangwu".getBytes());
        p.add(familyName.getBytes(), "sex".getBytes(), "male".getBytes());
        p.add(familyName.getBytes(), "city".getBytes(), "beijing".getBytes());
        p.add(familyName.getBytes(), "age".getBytes(), "25".getBytes());
        list.add(p);
        p = new Put("third".getBytes());
        p.add(familyName.getBytes(), "name".getBytes(), "zhangliu".getBytes());
        p.add(familyName.getBytes(), "sex".getBytes(), "male".getBytes());
        p.add(familyName.getBytes(), "city".getBytes(), "handan".getBytes());
        p.add(familyName.getBytes(), "age".getBytes(), "28".getBytes());
        list.add(p);
        p = new Put("fourth".getBytes());
        p.add(familyName.getBytes(), "name".getBytes(), "liqing".getBytes());
        p.add(familyName.getBytes(), "sex".getBytes(), "female".getBytes());
        p.add(familyName.getBytes(), "city".getBytes(), "guangzhou".getBytes());
        p.add(familyName.getBytes(), "age".getBytes(), "18".getBytes());
        list.add(p);
        table.put(list);
    }
}

attention:单条插入时,所有列的时间戳都是一样的;多条插入时,多行数据的所有列的时间戳也都是一样的。

其他API见参考文献。

mr程序操作HBase

对前边的wordcount进行改进,将结果存储到HBase上,先来看代码。

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.GenericOptionsParser;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableReducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableMapReduceUtil;

public class WordCount {
    public static class TokenizerMapper extends Mapper<Object, Text, Text, IntWritable> {
        private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
        private Text word = new Text();
        public void map(Object key, Text value, Context context)
        throws IOException, InterruptedException
        {
            StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());
            while (itr.hasMoreTokens())
            {
                word.set(itr.nextToken());
                context.write(word, one);
            }
        }
    }

    public static class IntSumReducer extends TableReducer<Text, IntWritable, Put> {
        private IntWritable result = new IntWritable();
        public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context)
        throws IOException, InterruptedException
        {
            int sum = 0;
            for (IntWritable val : values)
            {
                sum += val.get();
            }
            result.set(sum);
            Put putrow = new Put(key.toString().getBytes());
            putrow.add("info".getBytes(), "name".getBytes(),result.toString().getBytes());
            context.write(null, putrow);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        String[] otherArgs = new GenericOptionsParser(conf, args).getRemainingArgs();
        Job job = new Job(conf, "word count");
        job.setJarByClass(WordCount.class);
        job.setMapperClass(TokenizerMapper.class);
        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
        FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[0]));
        TableMapReduceUtil.initTableReducerJob("test", IntSumReducer.class, job);
        System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
    }
}
javac -cp $(hbase classpath) -d temp WordCount.java
jar -cvf sort.jar -C temp .

然后运行MapReduce程序,参考文献中有两种运行的方法,这里选用第2种。打开hbase-env.sh,line 32左右,将其改为:

export HBASE_CLASSPATH=/home/tom/sort.jar$HBASE_CLASSPATH

因为$HBASE_CLASSPATH本身末尾就带了个冒号,这种写法把sort.jar放到了$HBASE_CLASSPATH后面,所以没问题。
然后执行

hbase WordCount /input/

现在至少这个mr程序可以运行了,细节稍后描述。
HBase的三种操作方式_第1张图片

在main函数里新建表而不是用已存在的表:

import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    String tablename = "wordcount";
    Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
    HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
    if(admin.tableExists(tablename)) {
        System.out.println("table exists!recreating.......");
        admin.disableTable(tablename);
        admin.deleteTable(tablename);
    }
    HTableDescriptor htd = new HTableDescriptor(tablename);
    HColumnDescriptor tcd = new HColumnDescriptor("info");
    htd.addFamily(tcd);//创建列族
    admin.createTable(htd);//创建表
    String[] otherArgs = new GenericOptionsParser(conf, args).getRemainingArgs();
    if (otherArgs.length != 1) {
        System.err.println("Usage: WordCountHbase <in>");
        System.exit(2);
    }
    Job job = new Job(conf, "WordCountHbase");
    job.setJarByClass(WordCount.class);
    //使用TokenizerMapper类完成Map过程;
    job.setMapperClass(TokenizerMapper.class);
    TableMapReduceUtil.initTableReducerJob(tablename, IntSumReducer.class, job);
    //设置任务数据的输入路径
    FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[0]));
    job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
    job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
    //调用job.waitForCompletion(true) 执行任务,执行成功后退出;
    System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
}

过时的API

几乎所有的程序编译时都提示了

注: *.java使用或覆盖了已过时的 API。
注: 有关详细信息, 请使用 -Xlint:deprecation重新编译。

因为我使用了过时的API,但我现在不知道新的API是什么,怎么写,以后再说。

参考文献

HBase 常用Shell命令
http://www.cnblogs.com/nexiyi/p/hbase_shell.html
Hbase Java API详解
http://www.cnblogs.com/tiantianbyconan/p/3557571.html
如何执行hbase的mapreduce job
http://blog.csdn.net/xiao_jun_0820/article/details/28636309
如何用MapReduce程序操作hbase
http://blog.csdn.net/liuyuan185442111/article/details/45306193

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