安装
sudo pip install sqlalchemy 或sudo pip3 install sqlalchemy
测试1
from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker eng = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector://y-user:[email protected]:3306/y-db?charset=utf8') #eng = create_engine('postgresql+psycopg2://y-user:[email protected]:5432/y-db',echo=True,client_encoding='utf8') DB_Session = sessionmaker(bind=eng) session = DB_Session() data = session.execute("SELECT * FROM y-table") for row in data: for col in row: print col, print session.close()
测试2
#coding=utf-8 from sqlalchemy import * from sqlalchemy.orm import * eng = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector://y-user:[email protected]:3306/y-db?charset=utf8') metadata = MetaData(eng) # 绑定元信息 y_table = Table('y-table', metadata, autoload=True) session = create_session() query = session.query(y_table) data = query.all() for row in data: for col in row: print col, print session.close()
测试3--orm方式
数据库表STUDENT的建立参考:
http://my.oschina.net/u/2245781/blog/653897?fromerr=YEVmVLAx
# coding=utf-8 from sqlalchemy import Column, String, create_engine from sqlalchemy.dialects.mysql import DATETIME from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding( "utf-8" ) # 创建对象的基类: Base = declarative_base() # 定义User对象: class Stu(Base): # 表的名字: __tablename__ = 'STUDENT' # 表的结构: SNO = Column(String(7), primary_key=True) SNAME = Column(String(8)) SEX = Column(String(2)) BDATE = Column(DATETIME) DIR = Column(String(16)) def __repr__(self): return "<Stu(SNO='%s', SNAME='%s', SEX='%s',BDATE ='%s',DIR ='%s')>" % \ (self.SNO,self.SNAME,self.SEX,self.BDATE.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),self.DIR) # 初始化数据库连接: engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector://y-user:[email protected]:3306/y-db?charset=utf8') # 创建DBSession类型: DBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine) # 创建session对象: session = DBSession() query = session.query(Stu) for s in session.query(Stu): print(s) #for s in query.all(): # print s.SNAME+' '+s.SNO+' '+s.SEX +' '+s.BDATE.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")+' ' + s.DIR session.close()
插入
# coding=utf-8 from sqlalchemy import Column, String, create_engine from sqlalchemy.dialects.mysql import DATETIME from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base # 创建对象的基类: Base = declarative_base() # 定义User对象: class Stu(Base): # 表的名字: __tablename__ = 'STUDENT' # 表的结构: SNO = Column(String(7), primary_key=True) SNAME = Column(String(8)) SEX = Column(String(2)) BDATE = Column(DATETIME) DIR = Column(String(16)) def __repr__(self): return "<Stu(SNO='%s', SNAME='%s', SEX='%s',BDATE ='%s',DIR ='%s')>" % \ (self.SNO,self.SNAME,self.SEX,self.BDATE.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),self.DIR) # 初始化数据库连接: engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector://y-user:[email protected]:3306/y-db?charset=utf8') # 创建DBSession类型: DBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine) # 创建session对象: session = DBSession() new_stu = Stu(SNO='9302205', SNAME='方邪真',SEX='男',BDATE='1973-11-18',DIR='数理逻辑') # delete from STUDENT where SNO ='9302205'; # 添加到session: session.add(new_stu) # 提交即保存到数据库: session.commit() # 关闭session: session.close()
根据sqlalchemy文档http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/dialects/postgresql.html
当数据库为postgresql时DATETIME改为DATE类型,关于查询的例子如下:
# coding=utf-8 from sqlalchemy import Column, String, create_engine from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgres import DATE from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from datetime import * import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") # 创建对象的基类: Base = declarative_base() # 定义Stu对象: class Stu(Base): # 表的名字: __tablename__ = 'student' # 表的结构: sno = Column(String(7), primary_key=True) sname = Column(String(8)) sex = Column(String(2)) bdate = Column(DATE) dir = Column(String(16)) def __repr__(self): return "<Stu(SNO='%s', SNAME='%s', SEX='%s',BDATE ='%s',DIR ='%s')>" % \ (self.sno,self.sname,self.sex,self.bdate.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),self.dir) # 初始化数据库连接: engine = create_engine('postgresql+psycopg2://user:[email protected]:5432/db',echo=True,client_encoding='utf8') # 创建DBSession类型: DBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine) # 创建session对象: session = DBSession() query = session.query(Stu) #for s in query.all(): # print s.sname+' '+s.sno+' '+s.sex +' '+s.bdate.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")+' ' + s.dir for s in session.query(Stu): print(s) session.close()
根据官方文档中的例子:
表创建crtusers.py
# coding=utf-8 from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer,String from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector://y-user:[email protected]:3306/y-db?charset=utf8') Base = declarative_base() #建立表users class User(Base): __tablename__ = 'users' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(20)) fullname = Column(String(40)) password = Column(String(12)) def __init__(self, name, fullname, password): self.name = name self.fullname = fullname self.password = password def __repr__(self): return "<User(name='%s', fullname='%s', password='%s')>" % (self.name, self.fullname, self.password) Base.metadata.create_all(engine) #建立表addresses class Address(Base): __tablename__ = 'addresses' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) email_address = Column(String(40), nullable=False) user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id')) user = relationship("User", back_populates="addresses") def __repr__(self): return "<Address(email_address='%s')>" % self.email_address User.addresses = relationship("Address", order_by=Address.id, back_populates="user") Base.metadata.create_all(engine) #插入一条user记录 DBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine) session = DBSession() ed_user = User(name='ed', fullname='Ed Jones', password='edspassword') session.add(ed_user) #插入多条记录 session.add_all([User(name='wendy', fullname='Wendy Williams', password='foobar'),\ User(name='mary', fullname='Mary Contrary', password='xxg527'),\ User(name='lisa', fullname='lisa Contrary', password='ls123'),\ User(name='cred', fullname='cred Flinstone', password='bla123'),\ User(name='fred', fullname='Fred Flinstone', password='blah')]) #插入1条user记录,两条address jack = User(name='jack', fullname='Jack Bean', password='gjffdd') jack.addresses = [Address(email_address='[email protected]'),Address(email_address='[email protected]')] session.add(jack) # 提交即保存到数据库: session.commit() # 关闭session: session.close()
查询
# coding=utf-8 from operator import or_ from sqlalchemy import text from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer,String from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker from sqlalchemy import func from crtusers import Address, User engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector://y-user:[email protected]:3306/y-db?charset=utf8') DBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine) session = DBSession() #query sample query = session.query(User) for u in query.all(): print str(u.id)+' '+u.name+' '+u.fullname+' '+u.password for u in session.query(User).order_by(User.id)[1:4]: print(u) for name in session.query(User.name).filter_by(fullname='Ed Jones'): print(name) for u in session.query(User).filter(User.name.isnot(None)): print(u) for u in session.query(User).filter(or_(User.name == 'ed', User.name == 'wendy')): print(u) for u in session.query(User).filter(~User.name.like('%ed')).order_by(User.id): print(u) for u in session.query(User).filter(User.name=='ed').filter(User.fullname == 'Ed Jones'): print(u) for u in session.query(User).filter(User.name.in_(['ed', 'wendy', 'jack'])): print(u) #Using Textual SQL for user in session.query(User).filter(text("id<224")).order_by(text("id")).all(): print(user.name) for u in session.query(User).from_statement\ (text("SELECT * FROM users where id >= :id")).\ params(id=2).all(): print(u) for u in session.query(User).from_statement \ (text("SELECT * FROM users where name=:name")). \ params(name='ed').all(): print(u) #Counting on count() print(session.query(func.count('*')).select_from(User).scalar()) print(session.query(User).filter(User.name.like('%ed')).count()) for n in session.query(func.count(User.name), User.name).group_by(User.name).all(): print(n) #Querying Address for u, a in session.query(User, Address).filter(User.id == Address.user_id).\ filter(Address.email_address == '[email protected]').all(): print(u) print(a) for u in session.query(User).join(Address).filter(Address.email_address=='[email protected]').all(): print(u) for name, in session.query(User.name).filter(User.addresses.any(Address.email_address.like('%google%'))): print(name) # 关闭session: session.close()