Leet Code OJ 15. 3Sum[Difficulty: Medium]

题目:
Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in S such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.

Note:
Elements in a triplet (a,b,c) must be in non-descending order. (ie, a ≤ b ≤ c)
The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.
For example, given array S = {-1 0 1 2 -1 -4},

A solution set is:
(-1, 0, 1)
(-1, -1, 2)

翻译:
给定一个数组S,它包含n个整数,它是否存在3个元素a,b,c,满足a+b+c=0?找出所有满足条件的元素数组。
提示:a,b,c三个元素必须是升序排列(也就是满足a ≤ b ≤ c),最终的结果不能包含重复的元素数组。例如给定S为{-1 0 1 2 -1 -4},返回结果是(-1, 0, 1)和(-1, -1, 2)。

分析:
最容易想到的方法就是3重循环遍历所有可能的元素,进行判断是否等于0。下面的方案作了一些改进:
1. 对数组进行排序,跳过肯定会大于0的结果
2. 借助map避免第三层遍历
3. 由于做了排序,所以可以较为容易的跳过重复的结果

代码(Java版):

public class Solution {
    public List <List<Integer>> threeSum(int[] nums) {
        List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
        //nums先进行排序
        Arrays.sort(nums);
        Map<Integer, List<Integer>> map = new HashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
            int num = nums[i];
            if (map.get(num) == null) {
                List<Integer> subscripts = new ArrayList<>();
                subscripts.add(i);
                map.put(num, subscripts);
            } else {
                map.get(num).add(i);
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i <= nums.length - 3; i++) {
            if (nums[i] > 0) {
                break;
            }
            if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
                continue;
            }
            for (int j = i + 1; j <= nums.length - 2; j++) {
                if (j > i + 1 && nums[j] == nums[j - 1]) {
                    continue;
                }
                int finalNum = -nums[i] - nums[j];
                if (finalNum < nums[j]) {
                    break;
                }
                List<Integer> subscripts = map.get(finalNum);
                if (subscripts == null) {
                    continue;
                }
                for (Integer subscript : subscripts) {
                    if (subscript != j && subscript != i) {
                        List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
                        list.add(nums[i]);
                        list.add(nums[j]);
                        list.add(nums[subscript]);
                        res.add(list);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}

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