Maven利用Profile构建不同环境的部署包

项目开发好以后,通常要在多个环境部署,像我曾经呆过的公司最多达5种环境:本机环境(local)、(开发小组内自测的)开发环境(dev)、(提供给测试团队的)测试环境(sit)、预发布环境(pre)、正式生产环境(prod),每种环境都有各自的配置参数,比如:数据库连接、远程调用的ws地址等等。如果每个环境build前手动修改这些参数,显然太不fashion.

maven早就考虑到了这些问题,看下面的pom片段:

	<profiles>
		<profile>
			<!-- 本地环境 -->
			<id>local</id>
			<properties>
				<jdbc.url>jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl</jdbc.url>
				<jdbc.username>***</jdbc.username>
				<jdbc.password>***</jdbc.password>
			</properties>
		</profile>
		<profile>
			<!-- 开发环境 -->
			<id>dev</id>
			<properties>
				<jdbc.url>jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.21.129.51:1521:orcl</jdbc.url>
				<jdbc.username>***</jdbc.username>
				<jdbc.password>***</jdbc.password>
			</properties>
			<!-- 默认激活本环境 -->
			<activation>
				<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
			</activation>
		</profile>
	</profiles>

profiles节点中,定义了二种环境:local、dev(默认激活dev环境),可以在各自的环境中添加需要的property值,接下来修改build节点,参考下面的示例:

	<build>
		<resources>
			<resource>
				<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
				<filtering>true</filtering>
			</resource>
		</resources>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.3</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.7</source>
					<target>1.7</target>
					<encoding>utf-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

resource节点是关键,它表明了哪个目录下的配置文件(不管是xml配置文件,还是properties属性文件),需要根据profile环境来替换属性值。

通常配置文件放在resources目录下,build时该目录下的文件都自动会copy到class目录下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd>
		<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
			<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />
			<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
			<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
			<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
		</bean>

</beans>

各属性节点的值,用占位符"${属性名}"占位,maven在package时,会根据profile的环境自动替换这些占位符为实际属性值。

默认情况下: 

maven package

将采用默认激活的profile环境来打包,也可以手动指定环境,比如:

maven package -P dev

将自动打包成dev环境的部署包(注:参数P为大写)


这时候很多人会有一个疑问,生产环境,通常是在webserver(比如weblogic上),它配置的一个JNDI数据源,你这显然不适用啊,客官别急,我将会给两种方案用来解决问题。

第一种,简单暴力的

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd">

		<bean id="${db-source-jdbc}" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
			<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />
			<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
			<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
			<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />

		</bean>
		<jee:jndi-lookup id="${db-source-jndi}" jndi-name="${jndi.name}" />
</beans>

POM文件

	<profiles>
		<profile>
			<!-- 本地环境 -->
			<id>local</id>
			<properties>
				<db-source-jdbc>dataSource</db-source-jdbc>
				<db-source-jndi>NONE</db-source-jndi>
				<db-url>jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE</db-url>
				<db-username>***</db-username>
				<db-password>***</db-password>
			</properties>
			<!-- 默认激活本环境 -->
			<activation>
				<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
			</activation>
		</profile>
		<profile>
			<!-- 开发环境 -->
			<id>pro</id>
			<properties>
				<db-source-jdbc>NONE</db-source-jdbc>
				<db-source-jndi>dataSource</db-source-jndi>
				<jndi.name>somnus</jndi.name>
			</properties>
		</profile>
	</profiles>


mvn clean package -P local打包本地开发环境时,将生成

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd">

		<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
			<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />
			<property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl" />
			<property name="username" value="***" />
			<property name="password" value="***" />

		</bean>
		<jee:jndi-lookup id="NONE" jndi-name="${jndi.name}" />
</beans>

mvn clean package -P pro打包本地开发环境时,将生成

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd">

		<bean id="NONE" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
			<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />
			<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
			<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
			<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />

		</bean>
		<jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="somnus" />
</beans>

当bean的id为NONE意味着什么就不要我多说了吧


第二种,高级优美的

我们将利用Spring的profile配置,把我们需要的环境全部配置好,最终由web.xml中的spring.profiles.default决定调用哪个环境配置

先给出bean的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd  
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd">

	<!-- ************************************************************************************************* -->
	<!-- * 环境配置切换(在web.xml中的spring.profiles.default上启用) * -->
	<!-- ************************************************************************************************* -->
	<!-- 开发环境 -->
	<beans profile="dev">
		<context:property-placeholder
			ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath:/env/configurations-dev.properties" />
		<!-- 数据源配置-DBCP数据库连接池 -->
		<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
			destroy-method="close">
			<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
			<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
			<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
			<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
			<property name="initialSize" value="${jdbc.initialSize}" />
			<property name="maxActive" value="${jdbc.maxActive}" />
			<property name="maxIdle" value="${jdbc.maxIdle}" />
			<property name="minIdle" value="${jdbc.minIdle}" />
			<property name="maxWait" value="${jdbc.maxWait}" />
			<property name="defaultAutoCommit" value="false" />
		</bean>
	</beans>

	<!-- SIT环境 -->
	<beans profile="sit">
		<context:property-placeholder
			ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath:/env/configurations-sit.properties" />
		<!-- 数据源配置,使用应用服务器的数据库连接池 -->
		<jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="${jndi.name}" />
	</beans>

	<!-- PRD环境 -->
	<beans profile="prd">
		<context:property-placeholder
			ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath:/env/configurations-prd.properties" />
		<!-- 数据源配置,使用应用服务器的数据库连接池 -->
		<jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="${jndi.name}" />
	</beans>
</beans>

现在是至关重要的web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
		xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
	<!-- spring配置文件位置 -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:/spring-basic.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<context-param>
               <param-name>spring.profiles.default</param-name>
               <param-value>${profiles.active}</param-value>
       </context-param>

	<!-- spring监听器 -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
</web-app>

POM文件配置,主要看maven-war-plugin插件的配置

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<build>
		<finalName>Somnus</finalName>
		<plugins>
			<!-- 编译的时候使用JDK7和UTF8编码 -->
			<plugin>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.7</source>
					<target>1.7</target>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>

			<!-- 打war包插件  -->
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
					<packagingExcludes>
                        WEB-INF/classes/logback-test.xml
                    </packagingExcludes>
					<webXml>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</webXml>
					<webResources>
						<resource>
							<!-- 元配置文件的目录,相对于pom.xml文件的路径 -->
							<directory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF</directory>
							<!-- 是否过滤文件,也就是是否启动auto-config的功能 -->
							<filtering>true</filtering>
							<!-- 不包括以下文件夹下的文件 -->
							<!-- <excludes>
								<exclude>template/**</exclude>
							</excludes> -->
							<targetPath>WEB-INF</targetPath>
						</resource>  
					</webResources>  
				</configuration>
            </plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
	
	<profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <profiles.active>dev</profiles.active>
            </properties>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>sit</id>
            <properties>
                <profiles.active>sit</profiles.active>
            </properties>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>prd</id>
            <properties>
                <profiles.active>prd</profiles.active>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
</project>

package打包运行完,你将看到

Maven利用Profile构建不同环境的部署包_第1张图片

圈红的地方将不再是占位符,那么我们启动的时候web项目将会根据此配置直接去激活sit的配置,现在是不是觉得很简单了呢。


后面我再补充一个小知识点,既然Spring给我们提供了,这么好的配置

Maven利用Profile构建不同环境的部署包_第2张图片

web项目,靠web.xml可以激活任一数据源,那如果是单元测试,我将如何激活呢

这点Spring当然考虑到了,不过版本必须是Spring3.0以上 ,重要的事情说三遍,3.0   3.0   3.0啊 亲!!!

/**
 * @author Somnus
 * @version 1.0
 * @Description 后台单元测试基类
 * @date 2012-11-19
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring-basic.xml")
@ActiveProfiles("dev")
public abstract class AbstractTestSupport {
    protected transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

    @Rule
    public TestName name = new TestName();

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        log.info("调用测试方法: {}", new Object[]{name.getMethodName()});
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() {
    }
}

留心 @ActiveProfiles("dev") ,想用哪个数据源,就用哪个数据源


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