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原文地址: http://websystique.com/springmvc/spring-mvc-4-restful-web-services-crud-example-resttemplate/上一篇:
本文非常好,推荐大家好好看看,很多人理解的restful不对
本文我们将使用Spring MVC 4实现 CRUD Restful WebService , 通过RestTemplate写一个 REST 客户端,定义这些服务. 我们也可以通过外部的一些客户端来测试这些服务。
它是可以用来设计web services的框架,可以被不同的客户端调用。
核心思想是:使用简单的HTTP协议来实现调用,而不是CORBA, RPC 或者 SOAP等负责的机制。
在Rest 基础设计中,资源使用以下动词进行操作。
尽管没有限制必须返回的类型,但是一般基于Web services的Rest返回JSON或者XML作为响应。
客户端可以指定(使用HTTP Accept header)他们想要的资源类型吗,服务器返回需要的资源。
指明资源的Content-Type。如果想详细的理解 restful可以参考这里:StackOverflow link
我们的 REST API :
package com.websystique.springmvc.controller; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.util.UriComponentsBuilder; import com.websystique.springmvc.model.User; import com.websystique.springmvc.service.UserService; @RestController public class HelloWorldRestController { @Autowired UserService userService; //Service which will do all data retrieval/manipulation work //-------------------Retrieve All Users-------------------------------------------------------- @RequestMapping(value = "/user/", method = RequestMethod.GET) public ResponseEntity<List<User>> listAllUsers() { List<User> users = userService.findAllUsers(); if(users.isEmpty()){ return new ResponseEntity<List<User>>(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT);//You many decide to return HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND } return new ResponseEntity<List<User>>(users, HttpStatus.OK); } //-------------------Retrieve Single User-------------------------------------------------------- @RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) public ResponseEntity<User> getUser(@PathVariable("id") long id) { System.out.println("Fetching User with id " + id); User user = userService.findById(id); if (user == null) { System.out.println("User with id " + id + " not found"); return new ResponseEntity<User>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND); } return new ResponseEntity<User>(user, HttpStatus.OK); } //-------------------Create a User-------------------------------------------------------- @RequestMapping(value = "/user/", method = RequestMethod.POST) public ResponseEntity<Void> createUser(@RequestBody User user, UriComponentsBuilder ucBuilder) { System.out.println("Creating User " + user.getName()); if (userService.isUserExist(user)) { System.out.println("A User with name " + user.getName() + " already exist"); return new ResponseEntity<Void>(HttpStatus.CONFLICT); } userService.saveUser(user); HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.setLocation(ucBuilder.path("/user/{id}").buildAndExpand(user.getId()).toUri()); return new ResponseEntity<Void>(headers, HttpStatus.CREATED); } //------------------- Update a User -------------------------------------------------------- @RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT) public ResponseEntity<User> updateUser(@PathVariable("id") long id, @RequestBody User user) { System.out.println("Updating User " + id); User currentUser = userService.findById(id); if (currentUser==null) { System.out.println("User with id " + id + " not found"); return new ResponseEntity<User>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND); } currentUser.setName(user.getName()); currentUser.setAge(user.getAge()); currentUser.setSalary(user.getSalary()); userService.updateUser(currentUser); return new ResponseEntity<User>(currentUser, HttpStatus.OK); } //------------------- Delete a User -------------------------------------------------------- @RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE) public ResponseEntity<User> deleteUser(@PathVariable("id") long id) { System.out.println("Fetching & Deleting User with id " + id); User user = userService.findById(id); if (user == null) { System.out.println("Unable to delete. User with id " + id + " not found"); return new ResponseEntity<User>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND); } userService.deleteUserById(id); return new ResponseEntity<User>(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT); } //------------------- Delete All Users -------------------------------------------------------- @RequestMapping(value = "/user/", method = RequestMethod.DELETE) public ResponseEntity<User> deleteAllUsers() { System.out.println("Deleting All Users"); userService.deleteAllUsers(); return new ResponseEntity<User>(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT); } }
@RestController :首先我们使用的是Spring 4的新注解 @RestController注解.
此注解避免了每个方法都要加上@ResponseBody注解。也就是说@RestController 自己戴上了 @ResponseBody注解,看以看作是
@Controller 和 @ResponseBody的结合体。
@RequestBody : 如果方法参数被 @RequestBody注解,Spring将绑定HTTP请求体到那个参数上。如果那样做,Spring将根据请求中的ACCEPT或者 Content-Type header(私下)使用 HTTP Message converters 来将http请求体转化为domain对象。
@ResponseBody : 如果方法加上了@ResponseBody注解,Spring返回值到响应体。如果这样做的话,Spring将根据请求中的 Content-Type header(私下)使用 HTTP Message converters 来将domain对象转换为响应体。
ResponseEntity 是一个真实数据.它代表了整个 HTTP 响应(response). 它的好处是你可以控制任何对象放到它内部。
你可以指定状态码、头信息和响应体。它包含你想要构建HTTP Response 的信息。
@PathVariable 此注解意味着一个方法参数应该绑定到一个url模板变量[在'{}'里的一个]中
一般来说你,要实现REST API in Spring 4 需要了解@RestController , @RequestBody, ResponseEntity 和 @PathVariable 这些注解 .另外, spring 也提供了一些支持类帮助你实现一些可定制化的东西。
MediaType : 带着 @RequestMapping 注解,通过特殊的控制器方法你可以额外指定,MediaType来生产或者消耗。
<dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.5.3</version> </dependency
RestTemplate随之出现。RestTemplate 提供了高级方法,来响应者6种主要的HTTP方法。
HTTP 方法和对应的 RestTemplate方法:
package com.websystique.springmvc; import java.net.URI; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import com.websystique.springmvc.model.User; public class SpringRestTestClient { public static final String REST_SERVICE_URI = "http://localhost:8080/Spring4MVCCRUDRestService"; /* GET */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private static void listAllUsers(){ System.out.println("Testing listAllUsers API-----------"); RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); List<LinkedHashMap<String, Object>> usersMap = restTemplate.getForObject(REST_SERVICE_URI+"/user/", List.class); if(usersMap!=null){ for(LinkedHashMap<String, Object> map : usersMap){ System.out.println("User : id="+map.get("id")+", Name="+map.get("name")+", Age="+map.get("age")+", Salary="+map.get("salary"));; } }else{ System.out.println("No user exist----------"); } } /* GET */ private static void getUser(){ System.out.println("Testing getUser API----------"); RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); User user = restTemplate.getForObject(REST_SERVICE_URI+"/user/1", User.class); System.out.println(user); } /* POST */ private static void createUser() { System.out.println("Testing create User API----------"); RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); User user = new User(0,"Sarah",51,134); URI uri = restTemplate.postForLocation(REST_SERVICE_URI+"/user/", user, User.class); System.out.println("Location : "+uri.toASCIIString()); } /* PUT */ private static void updateUser() { System.out.println("Testing update User API----------"); RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); User user = new User(1,"Tomy",33, 70000); restTemplate.put(REST_SERVICE_URI+"/user/1", user); System.out.println(user); } /* DELETE */ private static void deleteUser() { System.out.println("Testing delete User API----------"); RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); restTemplate.delete(REST_SERVICE_URI+"/user/3"); } /* DELETE */ private static void deleteAllUsers() { System.out.println("Testing all delete Users API----------"); RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); restTemplate.delete(REST_SERVICE_URI+"/user/"); } public static void main(String args[]){ listAllUsers(); getUser(); createUser(); listAllUsers(); updateUser(); listAllUsers(); deleteUser(); listAllUsers(); deleteAllUsers(); listAllUsers(); } }
Testing listAllUsers API----------- User : id=1, Name=Sam, Age=30, Salary=70000.0 User : id=2, Name=Tom, Age=40, Salary=50000.0 User : id=3, Name=Jerome, Age=45, Salary=30000.0 User : id=4, Name=Silvia, Age=50, Salary=40000.0 Testing getUser API---------- User [id=1, name=Sam, age=30, salary=70000.0] Testing create User API---------- Location : http://localhost:8080/Spring4MVCCRUDRestService/user/5 Testing listAllUsers API----------- User : id=1, Name=Sam, Age=30, Salary=70000.0 User : id=2, Name=Tom, Age=40, Salary=50000.0 User : id=3, Name=Jerome, Age=45, Salary=30000.0 User : id=4, Name=Silvia, Age=50, Salary=40000.0 User : id=5, Name=Sarah, Age=51, Salary=134.0 Testing update User API---------- User [id=1, name=Tomy, age=33, salary=70000.0] Testing listAllUsers API----------- User : id=1, Name=Tomy, Age=33, Salary=70000.0 User : id=2, Name=Tom, Age=40, Salary=50000.0 User : id=3, Name=Jerome, Age=45, Salary=30000.0 User : id=4, Name=Silvia, Age=50, Salary=40000.0 User : id=5, Name=Sarah, Age=51, Salary=134.0 Testing delete User API---------- Testing listAllUsers API----------- User : id=1, Name=Tomy, Age=33, Salary=70000.0 User : id=2, Name=Tom, Age=40, Salary=50000.0 User : id=4, Name=Silvia, Age=50, Salary=40000.0 User : id=5, Name=Sarah, Age=51, Salary=134.0 Testing all delete Users API---------- Testing listAllUsers API----------- No user exist----------
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.websystique.springmvc</groupId> <artifactId>Spring4MVCCRUDRestService</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0.0</version> <name>Spring4MVCCRUDRestService Maven Webapp</name> <properties> <springframework.version>4.2.0.RELEASE</springframework.version> <jackson.version>2.5.3</jackson.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2</version> <configuration> <source>1.7</source> <target>1.7</target> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> <configuration> <warSourceDirectory>src/main/webapp</warSourceDirectory> <warName>Spring4MVCCRUDRestService</warName> <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> <finalName>Spring4MVCCRUDRestService</finalName> </build> </project>
package com.websystique.springmvc.service; import java.util.List; import com.websystique.springmvc.model.User; public interface UserService { User findById(long id); User findByName(String name); void saveUser(User user); void updateUser(User user); void deleteUserById(long id); List<User> findAllUsers(); void deleteAllUsers(); public boolean isUserExist(User user); }
package com.websystique.springmvc.service; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import com.websystique.springmvc.model.User; @Service("userService") @Transactional public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{ private static final AtomicLong counter = new AtomicLong(); private static List<User> users; static{ users= populateDummyUsers(); } public List<User> findAllUsers() { return users; } public User findById(long id) { for(User user : users){ if(user.getId() == id){ return user; } } return null; } public User findByName(String name) { for(User user : users){ if(user.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(name)){ return user; } } return null; } public void saveUser(User user) { user.setId(counter.incrementAndGet()); users.add(user); } public void updateUser(User user) { int index = users.indexOf(user); users.set(index, user); } public void deleteUserById(long id) { for (Iterator<User> iterator = users.iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) { User user = iterator.next(); if (user.getId() == id) { iterator.remove(); } } } public boolean isUserExist(User user) { return findByName(user.getName())!=null; } private static List<User> populateDummyUsers(){ List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>(); users.add(new User(counter.incrementAndGet(),"Sam",30, 70000)); users.add(new User(counter.incrementAndGet(),"Tom",40, 50000)); users.add(new User(counter.incrementAndGet(),"Jerome",45, 30000)); users.add(new User(counter.incrementAndGet(),"Silvia",50, 40000)); return users; } public void deleteAllUsers() { users.clear(); } }
package com.websystique.springmvc.model; public class User { private long id; private String name; private int age; private double salary; public User(){ id=0; } public User(long id, String name, int age, double salary){ this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; this.salary = salary; } public long getId() { return id; } public void setId(long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public double getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary(double salary) { this.salary = salary; } @Override public int hashCode() { final int prime = 31; int result = 1; result = prime * result + (int) (id ^ (id >>> 32)); return result; } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (this == obj) return true; if (obj == null) return false; if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false; User other = (User) obj; if (id != other.id) return false; return true; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", salary=" + salary + "]"; } }
package com.websystique.springmvc.configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; @Configuration @EnableWebMvc @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.websystique.springmvc") public class HelloWorldConfiguration { }
package com.websystique.springmvc.configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer; public class HelloWorldInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { @Override protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class[] { HelloWorldConfiguration.class }; } @Override protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { return null; } @Override protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String[] { "/" }; } }
package com.websystique.springmvc.configuration; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class CORSFilter implements Filter { public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { System.out.println("Filtering on..........................................................."); HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res; response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*"); response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, GET, PUT, OPTIONS, DELETE"); response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600"); response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "x-requested-with"); chain.doFilter(req, res); } public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) {} public void destroy() {} }
package com.websystique.springmvc.configuration; import javax.servlet.Filter; import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer; public class HelloWorldInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { @Override protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class[] { HelloWorldConfiguration.class }; } @Override protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { return null; } @Override protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String[] { "/" }; } @Override protected Filter[] getServletFilters() { Filter [] singleton = { new CORSFilter()}; return singleton; } }