Android—— LogCat、StrictMode、全局捕获异常

严苛模式(StrictMode)

Android 2.3提供一个称为严苛模式(StrictMode)的调试特性,它将报告与线程及虚拟机相关的策略违例。StrictMode提供了各种的策略,这些策略能随时检查和报告开发者开发应用中存在的问题。

StrictMode的策略和规则
目前,有两大类的策略可供使用,一类是关于线程监控方面的,另外一类是关于VM虚拟机等方面的策略。

常用的线程监控方面的策略有:

Disk Reads 磁盘读
Disk Writes 磁盘写
Network access 网络访问
Custom Slow Code 自定义的运行速度慢的代码分析

常用的VM虚拟机策略有:

内存泄露的Activity对象
内存泄露的SQLite对象
内存泄露的释放的对象

使用示例:

  import android.os.StrictMode;

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      openStrictMode();
      ...
  }

  ...

 private void openStrictMode() {
      // 仅在调试模式设置严苛模式(StrictMode)
      if (HYConfig.DEBUG) {
          // 检测与线程相关的策略违例
          StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(new StrictMode.ThreadPolicy.Builder()
                  .detectAll()// 检测所有策略
                  .permitDiskReads()// 屏蔽磁盘读策略
                  .permitDiskWrites()// 屏蔽磁盘写策略
                  .permitNetwork()// 屏蔽网络访问策略
                  .penaltyLog()// 表示将警告输出到LogCat
                  .penaltyDeath()// 一旦StrictMode消息被写到LogCat后应用就会崩溃
                  .build());

          // 检测与虚拟机相关的策略违例
          StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder()
                  .detectAll()
                  .penaltyLog()
                  .build());
      }
  }    

内存检查日志

public static void displayBriefMemory(String name, Context context) {

        final ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);

        ActivityManager.MemoryInfo info = new ActivityManager.MemoryInfo();

        activityManager.getMemoryInfo(info);

        MyLog.d("MyLog","=========内存检查: name="+name);

        MyLog.d("MyLog","=========系统剩余内存:"+(info.availMem));

        MyLog.d("MyLog", "=========系统是否处于低内存运行:" + info.lowMemory);

        MyLog.d("MyLog","=========当系统剩余内存低于"+info.threshold+"时就看成低内存运行");

    }

自定义日志打印类

package cn.toltech.treefrog.util;

import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;

import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;

/** * 描述:自定义日志打印类 * 可控开关的日志调试,并可以输出到文件 * Created by huangyk on 2016/1/14. */
public class LogUtils {

    private static String TAG = "LogUtils";

    // 日志输出级别E
    public static final int LEVEL_ERROR = 1;
    // 日志输出级别W
    public static final int LEVEL_WARN = 2;
    // 日志输出级别I
    public static final int LEVEL_INFO = 3;
    // 日志输出级别D
    public static final int LEVEL_DEBUG = 4;
    // 日志输出级别V
    public static final int LEVEL_VERBOSE = 5;

    // 日志文件总开关
    private static Boolean MYLOG_SWITCH = true;
    // 日志写入文件开关
    private static Boolean MYLOG_WRITE_TO_FILE = true;
    // 输入日志类型
    private static char MYLOG_LEVEL = 4;
    // 日志文件存放目录
    private static String MYLOG_PATH = "";
    // sd卡中日志文件的最多保存天数
    private static int MYLOG_FILE_SAVE_DAYS = 7;
    // 本类输出的日志文件名称
    private static String MYLOG_FILE_NAME = "run0219";
    // 日志的输出格式
    private static SimpleDateFormat myLogSdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
    // 日志文件的输出格式
    private static SimpleDateFormat logfileSdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");

    private LogUtils() {

    }

    public static void w(String tag, String text) {
        log(tag, text, 'w');
    }

    public static void e(String tag, String text) {
        log(tag, text, 'e');
    }

    public static void d(String tag, String text) {
        log(tag, text, 'd');
    }

    public static void i(String tag, String text) {
        log(tag, text, 'i');
    }

    public static void v(String tag, String text) {
        log(tag, text, 'v');
    }

    public static void e(String tag, Throwable tr) {
        log(tag, Log.getStackTraceString(tr), 'e');
    }

    /** * 根据tag, msg和等级,输出日志 * * @return void * @since v 1.0 */
    private static void log(String tag, String msg, char level) {
        if (MYLOG_SWITCH) {
            if ('e' == level && MYLOG_LEVEL >= LEVEL_ERROR) {
                Log.e(tag, msg);
            } else if ('w' == level && MYLOG_LEVEL >= LEVEL_WARN) {
                Log.w(tag, msg);
            } else if ('d' == level && MYLOG_LEVEL >= LEVEL_DEBUG) {
                Log.d(tag, msg);
            } else if ('i' == level && MYLOG_LEVEL >= LEVEL_INFO) {
                Log.i(tag, msg);
            } else {
                Log.v(tag, msg);
            }
            if (MYLOG_WRITE_TO_FILE) {
                writeLogToFile(String.valueOf(level), tag, msg);
            }
        }
    }

    private static String initPath() {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(MYLOG_PATH)) {
            if (FileUtils.isSDCardAvailable()) {
                MYLOG_PATH = FileUtils.getRootPath() + "/logs";
                File dir = new File(MYLOG_PATH);
                if (!dir.exists()) {
                    dir.mkdirs();
                }
            }
        }
        return MYLOG_PATH;
    }

    /** * 打开日志文件并写入日志 **/
    private synchronized static void writeLogToFile(String mylogtype, String tag, String text) {
        Date nowtime = new Date();
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        builder.append(myLogSdf.format(nowtime)).append(" ").append(mylogtype).append(" ")
                .append(tag).append(" ").append(text);
        File file = new File(initPath(), MYLOG_FILE_NAME + "_" + logfileSdf.format(nowtime) + ".log");

        FileWriter filerWriter = null;
        BufferedWriter bufWriter = null;
        try {
            filerWriter = new FileWriter(file, true);//true 不进行覆盖
            bufWriter = new BufferedWriter(filerWriter);
            bufWriter.write(builder.toString());
            bufWriter.newLine();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            IOUtils.close(bufWriter);
            IOUtils.close(filerWriter);
        }
    }

    /** * 删除过期的日志文件 */
    public static void delOutOfDateLogs() {
        long needDeltime = getDateBefore().getTime();
        File[] files = (new File(MYLOG_PATH)).listFiles();
        if (files.length > 0) {
            for (File file : files) {
                long lastModified = file.lastModified();
                if (lastModified < needDeltime) {
                    LogUtils.d(TAG, "===== delOutOfDateLogs:" + file.getPath());
                    file.delete();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /** * 得到现在时间前的几天日期,用来得到需要删除的日志文件名 */
    private static Date getDateBefore() {
        Date nowtime = new Date();
        Calendar now = Calendar.getInstance();
        now.setTime(nowtime);
        now.set(Calendar.DATE, now.get(Calendar.DATE)
                - MYLOG_FILE_SAVE_DAYS);
        return now.getTime();
    }

}

全局捕获异常

代码:

package ***;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

/** * UncaughtException处理类,当程序发生Uncaught异常的时候,有该类来接管程序,并记录发送错误报告. * @author huangyk * created at 2015/10/8 */
public class ExceptionHandler implements UncaughtExceptionHandler {

    public static final String TAG = "ExceptionHandler";
    public static final String PATH = "/sdcard/idong/";

    //系统默认的UncaughtException处理类
    private UncaughtExceptionHandler mDefaultHandler;
    //CrashHandler实例
    private static ExceptionHandler INSTANCE = new ExceptionHandler();
    //程序的Context对象
    private Context mContext;
    //用来存储设备信息和异常信息
    private Map<String, String> infos = new HashMap<String, String>();

    //用于格式化日期,作为日志文件名的一部分
    private DateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");

    /** 保证只有一个CrashHandler实例 */
    private ExceptionHandler() {
    }

    /** 获取CrashHandler实例 ,单例模式 */
    public static ExceptionHandler getInstance() {
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    /** * 初始化 * * @param context */
    public void init(Context context) {
        mContext = context;
        //获取系统默认的UncaughtException处理器
        mDefaultHandler = Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();
        //设置该CrashHandler为程序的默认处理器
        Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(this);
    }

    /** * 当UncaughtException发生时会转入该函数来处理 */
    @Override
    public void uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable ex) {
        if (!handleException(ex) && mDefaultHandler != null) {
            //如果用户没有处理则让系统默认的异常处理器来处理
            mDefaultHandler.uncaughtException(thread, ex);
        } else {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Log.e(TAG, "error : ", e);
            }
            //退出程序
            android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    /** * 自定义错误处理,收集错误信息 发送错误报告等操作均在此完成. * * @param ex * @return true:如果处理了该异常信息;否则返回false. */
    private boolean handleException(Throwable ex) {
        if (ex == null) {
            return false;
        }
        //使用Toast来显示异常信息
        new Thread() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Looper.prepare();
                Toast.makeText(mContext, "很抱歉,程序出现异常,即将退出。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                Looper.loop();
            }
        }.start();
        //收集设备参数信息
        collectDeviceInfo(mContext);
        //保存日志文件
        saveCrashInfo2File(ex);
        return true;
    }

    /** * 收集设备参数信息 * @param ctx */
    public void collectDeviceInfo(Context ctx) {
        try {
            PackageManager pm = ctx.getPackageManager();
            PackageInfo pi = pm.getPackageInfo(ctx.getPackageName(), PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES);
            if (pi != null) {
                String versionName = pi.versionName == null ? "null" : pi.versionName;
                String versionCode = pi.versionCode + "";
                infos.put("versionName", versionName);
                infos.put("versionCode", versionCode);
            }
        } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "an error occured when collect package info", e);
        }
        Field[] fields = Build.class.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : fields) {
            try {
                field.setAccessible(true);
                infos.put(field.getName(), field.get(null).toString());
                Log.d(TAG, field.getName() + " : " + field.get(null));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.e(TAG, "an error occured when collect crash info", e);
            }
        }
    }

    /** * 保存错误信息到文件中 * * @param ex * @return 返回文件名称,便于将文件传送到服务器 */
    private String saveCrashInfo2File(Throwable ex) {

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : infos.entrySet()) {
            String key = entry.getKey();
            String value = entry.getValue();
            sb.append(key + "=" + value + "\n");
        }

        Writer writer = new StringWriter();
        PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(writer);
        ex.printStackTrace(printWriter);
        Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
        while (cause != null) {
            cause.printStackTrace(printWriter);
            cause = cause.getCause();
        }
        printWriter.close();
        String result = writer.toString();
        sb.append(result);
        try {
            long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
            String time = formatter.format(new Date());
            String fileName = "crash-" + time + ".log";
            if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
                String path = PATH;
                File dir = new File(path);
                if (!dir.exists()) {
                    dir.mkdirs();
                }
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(path + fileName, true);
                fos.write(sb.toString().getBytes());
                fos.close();
            }
            return fileName;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "an error occured while writing file...", e);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

Application中实例化:

public class TreefrogApplication extends Application {

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        // 开启全局捕获异常
        ExceptionHandler exceptinHandler = ExceptionHandler.getInstance();
        exceptinHandler.init(getApplicationContext());
    }
}

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