MySQL 5.7.12源码安装实例
1.前言
本文测试环境：
CentOS release 6.4（Linux version 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64）
MySQL 5.7.12
本节用到的相关安装包下载地址如下：
MySQL源码安装包：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/source-installation.html
cmake安装包：https://cmake.org/download/
boost安装包：http://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
2.安装前准备
1）安装必要的组件
[root@nn ~]# yum install bison [root@nn ~]# yum install cmake [root@nn ~]# yun install boost或者下载对应的安装包再解压安装（本文的方法）：
- Cmake下载安装
[root@nn ~]# cd /home/MySql/ [root@nn MySql]# tar zxvf cmake-3.5.2.tar.gz [root@nn MySql]# cd cmake-3.5.2/ [root@nn cmake-3.5.2]# ./bootstrap CMake has bootstrapped. Now run gmake. [root@nn cmake-3.5.2]# make && make install [root@nn cmake-3.5.2]# cmake --version cmake version 3.5.2 CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).
- Boost下载安装
[root@nn MySql]# wget --no-check-certificate http://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz [root@nn MySql]# tar -zxvf /home/MySql/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local [root@nn MySql]# /usr/local [root@nn local]# mv boost_1_59_0 boost [root@nn local]# cd boost/ [root@nn boost]# ./bootstrap.sh Building Boost.Build engine with toolset gcc... tools/build/src/engine/bin.linux x86_64/b2 Detecting Python version... 2.6 Detecting Python root... /usr Unicode/ICU support for Boost.Regex?... not found. Generating Boost.Build configuration in project-config.jam... Bootstrapping is done. To build, run: ./b2 To adjust configuration, edit 'project-config.jam'. Further information: - Command line help: ./b2 --help - Getting started guide: http://www.boost.org/more/getting_started/unix-variants.html - Boost.Build documentation: http://www.boost.org/build/doc/html/index.html [root@nn boost]# ./b2 install不安装boost，那么用cmake安装MySQL时会出现如下的错误：
2）添加MySQL用户组及用户
[root@nn ~]# groupadd mysql [root@nn ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
3) 创建MySQL安装目录
[root@nn ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
4) 创建数据库数据文件目录
[root@nn ~]# mkdir -p /home/mysql [root@nn ~]# mkdir -p /home/mysql/data [root@nn ~]# mkdir -p /home/mysql/logs [root@nn ~]# mkdir -p /home/mysql/temp
5) 添加MySQL PATH路径并开放3306端口
[root@nn ~]# vi /etc/profile # use for mysql export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH [root@nn ~]# source /etc/profile防火墙的3306端口默认没有开启，若要远程访问，需要开启这个端口
[root@nn ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT [root@nn ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables restart 或者service iptables restart
3.安装
1)解压
[root@nn ~] cd /home/MySql/ [root@nn MySql]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.12.tar.gz [root@nn MySql]# cd mysql-5.7.12
2）使用cmake编译并安装MySQL
3）修改目录所有者[root@nn mysql-5.7.12]# cmake \ > -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ > -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ > -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ > -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ > -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ > -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ > -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ > -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ > -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ > -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ > -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ > -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql/data \ > -DMYSQL_USER=mysql \ > -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ > -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \ > -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \ > -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost [root@nn mysql-5.7.12]# make && make install --该步骤时间比较久，耐心等待
[root@nn mysql-5.7.12]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql [root@nn mysql-5.7.12]# chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql
4）初始化配置
[root@nn mysql-5.7.12]# cd /usr/local/mysql [root@nn mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --user=mysql
以root初始化操作时要加--user=mysql参数，生成一个随机密码（注意保存登录时用），在初始化时如果加上 -initial-insecure，则会创建空密码。
5）配置文件my.cnf
在启动MySQL服务时，会按照一定次序搜索my.cnf，先在/etc目录下找，找不到则会搜索"$basedir/my.cnf"，在本例中就是 /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf，这是新版MySQL的配置文件的默认位置！注意：在CentOS 6.4版操作系统的最小安装完成后，在/etc目录下会存在一个my.cnf，需要将此文件更名为其他的名字，如：/etc/my.cnf.bak，否则，该文件会干扰源码安装的MySQL的正确配置，造成无法启动。在使用"yum update"更新系统后，需要检查下/etc目录下是否会多出一个my.cnf，如果多出，将它重命名成别的。否则，MySQL将使用这个配置文件启动，可能造成无法正常启动等问题。（摘自网络）
将默认生成的my.cnf备份
[root@nn mysql]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
拷贝配置文件模板为新的mysql配置文件
[root@nn mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
6）启动设置
可按需修改新的配置文件选项，不修改配置选项，mysql则按默认配置参数运行。
[root@nn mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@nn mysql]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@nn mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
7）重置密码
在步骤4的初始化步骤中生成了MySQL的原始密码，实际使用中需要修改密码。
8）验证查询原始密码：
[root@nn bin]# cat /root/.mysql_secret # Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2016-05-04 09:42:42 Sf/v-P5g:o+X修改原始密码：[root@nn bin]# mysqladmin -h localhost -uroot password "123456" -p'Sf/v-P5g:o+X'--socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)'出错，试试用改密码登录MySQL：
[root@nn bin]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)解决方法：
[root@nn bin]# service mysqld stop [root@nn bin]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & mysql -uroot -p mysql>use mysql; mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password("123456")where user="root"; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye [2]+ Exit 1 mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables [root@nn bin]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL..2016-05-04T06:57:15.267695Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /home/mysql/data/nn.pid ended SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [1]+ Done mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking
[root@nn bin]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.12 Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show variables like 'character%'; +--------------------------+------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/| +--------------------------+-------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) <span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:14px;">允许root远程连接（慎重）：</span> mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY "root"; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)另外，对于生产服务器，建议运行：
[root@nn ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation