python时间函数

出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/herbert/p/3395268.html


主要有以下三种方式:

一,CPU时间

time.clock()

测量CPU时间,比较精准,通过比较程序运行前后的CPU时间差,得出程序运行的CPU时间。

二, 时钟时间

time.time()

测量时钟时间,也就是通常的类似掐表计时。

三,基准时间

timeit.timeit(stmt='pass', setup='pass', timer=<default timer>, number=1000000)

简短示例:

timeit(“math.sqrt(2.0)”, “import math”)

timeit(“sqrt(2.0)”, “from ,math import sqrt”)

timeit(“test()”, “from __main__ import test”, number = 10000)

 

示例(示例中的三个方法都是求解一个数的因子数的个数)

CPU时间的示例:

import time

def countDiv(n):
    "Return the count number of divisors of n."
    count = 1
    for i in range(1, n):
        if n%i == 0:
            count += 1
    return count

def countDiv2(n):
    return len([x for x in range(1, n+1) if n%x == 0])

def countDiv3(n):
    s = set()
    for i in range(1, n):
        if i in s:
            break
        else:
            if n%i == 0:
                s.update({i, n/i})
    return len(s)

start_CPU = time.clock()
a = countDiv(73920)
end_CPU = time.clock()
print("Method 1: %f CPU seconds" % (end_CPU - start_CPU))

start_CPU = time.clock()
a = countDiv2(73920)
end_CPU = time.clock()
print("Method 2: %f CPU seconds" % (end_CPU - start_CPU))

start_CPU = time.clock()
a = countDiv3(73920)
end_CPU = time.clock()
print("Method 3: %f CPU seconds" % (end_CPU - start_CPU))


 

结果:最快的是方法三,方法二和方法一,其实不相上下.

Method 1: 0.022805 CPU seconds
Method 2: 0.015988 CPU seconds
Method 3: 0.000141 CPU seconds


 

时钟时间示例:

import time

start_Real = time.time()
a = countDiv(73920)
end_End = time.time()
print("Method 1: %f real seconds" % (end_End - start_Real))

start_Real = time.time()
a = countDiv2(73920)
end_End = time.time()
print("Method 2: %f real seconds" % (end_End - start_Real))

start_Real = time.time()
a = countDiv3(73920)
end_End = time.time()
print("Method 3: %f real seconds" % (end_End - start_Real))


 

结果:

Method 1: 0.016001 real seconds
Method 2: 0.016001 real seconds
Method 3: 0.000000 real seconds


 

在精度不够的情况下,都无法得知,方法三真正的运行时间.

 

真的想知道,方法三比方法一或者二快多少倍,还是要使用timeit。timeit可以重复执行代码一定次数,这样更加稳定的反应程序的执行时间,不会因为一次的执行而产生较大的误差。

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import timeit
    print(timeit.timeit("countDiv(73920)", setup = "from __main__ import countDiv", number=100))
    print(timeit.timeit("countDiv2(73920)", setup = "from __main__ import countDiv2", number=100))
    print(timeit.timeit("countDiv3(73920)", setup = "from __main__ import countDiv3", number=100))


 

结果:

1.6992941682537246
1.69091280670973
0.013773491283526784


 

通过timeit可以看出,方法二基本和方法一的性能是相同的。timeit返回是时钟时间。方法二,基本是方法三耗时的130倍左右

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