percona-toolkit工具包的安装和初步使用
percona-toolkit简称“PT工具”，是一组高级命令行工具的集合，用来执行各种通过手工执行非常复杂和麻烦的mysql和系统任务，这些任务包括：
检查master和slave数据的一致性
有效地对记录进行归档
查找重复的索引
对服务器信息进行汇总
分析来自日志和tcpdump的查询
当系统出问题的时候收集重要的系统信息
percona-toolkit源自Maatkit 和Aspersa工具，这两个工具是管理mysql的最有名的工具，现在Maatkit工具已经不维护了，请大家还是使用percona-toolkit吧！这些工具主要包括开发、性能、配置、监控、复制、系统、实用六大类，作为一个优秀的DBA，里面有的工具非常有用，如果能掌握并加以灵活应用，将能极大的提高工作效率。
我的环境是CentOS 6.5系统+ MySQL 5.5.35，可以按照下面的步骤安装pt工具。
1.检查和安装与Perl相关的模块
PT工具是使用Perl语言编写和执行的，所以需要系统中有Perl环境。
依赖包检查命令为：
rpm -qa perl-DBI perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Time-HiRes perl-IO-Socket-SSL
如果有依赖包确实，可以使用下面的命令安装：
yum install perl-DBI
yum install perl-DBD-MySQL
yum install perl-Time-HiRes
yum install perl-IO-Socket-SSL
2.percona-toolkit工具的下载和安装
pt工具目前最新版本为 2.2.12 ，可以通过下面的连接下载：
http://download.csdn.net/detail/yumushui/8379565
也可以可以在官方下载最新版本：
wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.tar.gz
wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.rpm
A. percona-toolkit的rpm安装方式
rpm -ivh perl-TermReadKey-2.30-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh percona-toolkit-2.1.1-1.noarch.rpm
注意：需要安装Term::ReadKey 包，否则会报perl(Term::ReadKey) >= 2.10 is needed by percona-toolkit-2.1.1-1.noarch错误
B. percona-toolkit的编译安装方式
tar xzvf percona-toolkit-2.1.1.tar.gz
cd percona-toolkit-2.1.1
perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install
安装后，可以通过下面的命令确认是否安装成功：
# pt-query-digest --help
# pt-table-checksum --help
如果命令提示可以正常显示，则说明pt工具已经正常安装和使用了。
******************************
下面是我在一台服务器上的具体安装过程：
# wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.tar.gz --2014-09-16 16:55:46-- http://percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.tar.gz Resolving percona.com... 74.121.199.234 Connecting to percona.com|74.121.199.234|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: http://www.percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.tar.gz [following] --2014-09-16 16:55:49-- http://www.percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.tar.gz Resolving www.percona.com... 74.121.199.234 Reusing existing connection to percona.com:80. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/2.2.10/tarball/percona-toolkit-2.2.10.tar.gz [following] --2014-09-16 16:55:57-- http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/2.2.10/tarball/percona-toolkit-2.2.10.tar.gz Reusing existing connection to percona.com:80. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1389083 (1.3M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: “percona-toolkit-2.2.10.tar.gz” 100%[==========================================================================================>] 1,389,083 253K/s in 8.0s 2014-09-16 16:56:05 (170 KB/s) - “percona-toolkit-2.2.10.tar.gz” saved [1389083/1389083] # perl Makefile.PL Checking if your kit is complete... Looks good Writing Makefile for percona-toolkit [root@nagios percona-toolkit-2.2.10]# make cp bin/pt-mysql-summary blib/script/pt-mysql-summary /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-mysql-summary cp bin/pt-pmp blib/script/pt-pmp /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-pmp cp bin/pt-kill blib/script/pt-kill /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-kill cp bin/pt-online-schema-change blib/script/pt-online-schema-change /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-online-schema-change cp bin/pt-align blib/script/pt-align /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-align cp bin/pt-heartbeat blib/script/pt-heartbeat /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-heartbeat cp bin/pt-table-sync blib/script/pt-table-sync /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-table-sync cp bin/pt-upgrade blib/script/pt-upgrade /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-upgrade cp bin/pt-table-usage blib/script/pt-table-usage /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-table-usage cp bin/pt-slave-delay blib/script/pt-slave-delay /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-slave-delay cp bin/pt-sift blib/script/pt-sift /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-sift cp bin/pt-fifo-split blib/script/pt-fifo-split /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-fifo-split cp bin/pt-slave-find blib/script/pt-slave-find /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-slave-find cp bin/pt-ioprofile blib/script/pt-ioprofile /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-ioprofile cp bin/pt-diskstats blib/script/pt-diskstats /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-diskstats cp bin/pt-find blib/script/pt-find /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-find cp bin/pt-archiver blib/script/pt-archiver /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-archiver cp bin/pt-deadlock-logger blib/script/pt-deadlock-logger /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-deadlock-logger cp bin/pt-fingerprint blib/script/pt-fingerprint /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-fingerprint cp bin/pt-visual-explain blib/script/pt-visual-explain /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-visual-explain cp bin/pt-variable-advisor blib/script/pt-variable-advisor /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-variable-advisor cp bin/pt-mext blib/script/pt-mext /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-mext cp bin/pt-index-usage blib/script/pt-index-usage /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-index-usage cp bin/pt-slave-restart blib/script/pt-slave-restart /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-slave-restart cp bin/pt-summary blib/script/pt-summary /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-summary cp bin/pt-duplicate-key-checker blib/script/pt-duplicate-key-checker /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-duplicate-key-checker cp bin/pt-fk-error-logger blib/script/pt-fk-error-logger /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-fk-error-logger cp bin/pt-table-checksum blib/script/pt-table-checksum /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-table-checksum cp bin/pt-query-digest blib/script/pt-query-digest /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-query-digest cp bin/pt-show-grants blib/script/pt-show-grants /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-show-grants cp bin/pt-config-diff blib/script/pt-config-diff /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-config-diff cp bin/pt-stalk blib/script/pt-stalk /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/pt-stalk Manifying blib/man1/pt-mysql-summary.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-kill.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-online-schema-change.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-table-sync.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-upgrade.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-table-usage.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-fifo-split.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-slave-find.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-ioprofile.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-find.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-archiver.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-deadlock-logger.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-fingerprint.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-mext.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-slave-restart.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-summary.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-fk-error-logger.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-table-checksum.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-query-digest.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-show-grants.1p Manifying blib/man1/percona-toolkit.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-pmp.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-align.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-heartbeat.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-slave-delay.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-sift.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-diskstats.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-visual-explain.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-variable-advisor.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-index-usage.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-duplicate-key-checker.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-config-diff.1p Manifying blib/man1/pt-stalk.1p [root@nagios percona-toolkit-2.2.10]# # [root@nagios percona-toolkit-2.2.10]# make test No tests defined for percona-toolkit extension. [root@nagios percona-toolkit-2.2.10]# [root@nagios percona-toolkit-2.2.10]# make install Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-summary.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-ioprofile.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-query-digest.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-sift.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-align.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-find.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-table-checksum.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-slave-restart.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-duplicate-key-checker.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-stalk.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-fk-error-logger.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-config-diff.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-table-usage.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-diskstats.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-visual-explain.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-show-grants.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-kill.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-archiver.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-upgrade.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-mext.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-slave-delay.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-heartbeat.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-mysql-summary.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-online-schema-change.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-fifo-split.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-variable-advisor.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-slave-find.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-fingerprint.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/percona-toolkit.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-pmp.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-deadlock-logger.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-index-usage.1p Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/pt-table-sync.1p Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-variable-advisor Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-visual-explain Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-slave-restart Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-align Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-fk-error-logger Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-duplicate-key-checker Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-heartbeat Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-table-usage Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-upgrade Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-archiver Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-find Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-kill Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-ioprofile Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-query-digest Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-slave-delay Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-fingerprint Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-table-checksum Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-summary Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-pmp Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-fifo-split Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-online-schema-change Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-slave-find Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-table-sync Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-stalk Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-diskstats Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-sift Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-show-grants Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-mysql-summary Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-config-diff Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-index-usage Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-deadlock-logger Installing /usr/local/bin/pt-mext Appending installation info to /usr/lib64/perl5/perllocal.pod [root@nagios percona-toolkit-2.2.10]# [root@nagios percona-toolkit-2.2.10]#
在最新的 pt 2.2.12 版本安装完毕后，一共有如下命令：
# pwd
/usr/local/percona-toolkit-2.2.12/bin
#
# ll
total 5352
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 40852 Nov 11 21:36 pt-align
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 247292 Nov 11 21:36 pt-archiver
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 166888 Nov 11 21:36 pt-config-diff
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 164033 Nov 11 21:36 pt-deadlock-logger
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 163722 Nov 11 21:36 pt-diskstats
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 166921 Nov 11 21:36 pt-duplicate-key-checker
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 49262 Nov 11 21:36 pt-fifo-split
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 148347 Nov 11 21:36 pt-find
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 66409 Nov 11 21:36 pt-fingerprint
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 131003 Nov 11 21:36 pt-fk-error-logger
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 190538 Nov 11 21:36 pt-heartbeat
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 224641 Nov 11 21:36 pt-index-usage
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 32276 Nov 11 21:36 pt-ioprofile
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 245236 Nov 11 21:36 pt-kill
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 21684 Nov 11 21:36 pt-mext
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 100494 Nov 11 21:36 pt-mysql-summary
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 368714 Nov 11 21:36 pt-online-schema-change
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 24525 Nov 11 21:36 pt-pmp
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 516529 Nov 11 21:36 pt-query-digest
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 72384 Nov 11 21:36 pt-show-grants
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 37651 Nov 11 21:36 pt-sift
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 144190 Nov 11 21:36 pt-slave-delay
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 125951 Nov 11 21:36 pt-slave-find
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 178193 Nov 11 21:36 pt-slave-restart
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 69227 Nov 11 21:36 pt-stalk
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 89799 Nov 11 21:36 pt-summary
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 409966 Nov 11 21:36 pt-table-checksum
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 394568 Nov 11 21:36 pt-table-sync
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 222447 Nov 11 21:36 pt-table-usage
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 328098 Nov 11 21:36 pt-upgrade
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 175665 Nov 11 21:36 pt-variable-advisor
-rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 1000 101492 Nov 11 21:36 pt-visual-explain
#
# ls | wc
32 32 455
现有的32个命令，可以分为7大类：
| 工具类别 |
工具命令 |
工具作用 |
备注 |
| 开发类 |
pt-duplicate-key-checker |
列出并删除重复的索引和外键 |
|
| pt-online-schema-change |
在线修改表结构 |
|
|
| pt-query-advisor |
分析查询语句，并给出建议，有bug |
已废弃 |
|
| pt-show-grants |
规范化和打印权限 |
|
|
| pt-upgrade |
在多个服务器上执行查询，并比较不同 |
|
|
| 性能类 |
pt-index-usage |
分析日志中索引使用情况，并出报告 |
|
| pt-pmp |
为查询结果跟踪，并汇总跟踪结果 |
|
|
| pt-visual-explain |
格式化执行计划 |
|
|
| pt-table-usage |
分析日志中查询并分析表使用情况 |
pt 2.2新增命令 |
|
| 配置类 |
pt-config-diff |
比较配置文件和参数 |
|
| pt-mysql-summary |
对mysql配置和status进行汇总 |
|
|
| pt-variable-advisor |
分析参数，并提出建议 |
|
|
| 监控类 |
pt-deadlock-logger |
提取和记录mysql死锁信息 |
|
| pt-fk-error-logger |
提取和记录外键信息 |
|
|
| pt-mext |
并行查看status样本信息 |
|
|
| pt-query-digest |
分析查询日志，并产生报告 |
常用命令 |
|
| pt-trend |
按照时间段读取slow日志信息 |
已废弃 |
|
| 复制类 |
pt-heartbeat |
监控mysql复制延迟 |
|
| pt-slave-delay |
设定从落后主的时间 |
|
|
| pt-slave-find |
查找和打印所有mysql复制层级关系 |
|
|
| pt-slave-restart |
监控salve错误，并尝试重启salve |
|
|
| pt-table-checksum |
校验主从复制一致性 |
|
|
| pt-table-sync |
高效同步表数据 |
|
|
| 系统类 |
pt-diskstats |
查看系统磁盘状态 |
|
| pt-fifo-split |
模拟切割文件并输出 |
|
|
| pt-summary |
收集和显示系统概况 |
|
|
| pt-stalk |
出现问题时，收集诊断数据 |
|
|
| pt-sift |
浏览由pt-stalk创建的文件 |
pt 2.2新增命令 |
|
| pt-ioprofile |
查询进程IO并打印一个IO活动表 |
pt 2.2新增命令 |
|
| 实用类 |
pt-archiver |
将表数据归档到另一个表或文件中 |
|
| pt-find |
查找表并执行命令 |
|
|
| pt-kill |
Kill掉符合条件的sql |
常用命令
|
|
| pt-align |
对齐其他工具的输出 |
pt 2.2新增命令 |
|
| pt-fingerprint |
将查询转成密文 |
pt 2.2新增命令 |
上面是pt工具各个命令的基本功能介绍，可以使用 command --help 来查看每个命令的具体作用和使用方法；
有的命令也可以使用 man command 命令查询相关命令详细信息。
目前使用的比较多的命令是： pt-query-digest ，pt-kill等命令。