DBMS_SCHEDULER执行PERL脚本加载数据

1.例子利用oracle 11g 的dbms_scheduler包执行perl脚本加载数据文件,其中主要用到三个过程分别为SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE,CREATE_JOB,RUN_JOB三个过程,其中三个过程的参数说明如下:

create_job参数:

Attribute	Description
job_name	Name of the job
job_class	Name of the job class
job_style	Style of the job: REGULAR LIGHTWEIGHT
program_name	Name of the program that the job runs
job_action	Inline action of the job. This is either the code for an anonymous PL/SQL block or the name of a stored procedure, external executable, or chain.
job_type	Job action type ('PLSQL_BLOCK', 'STORED_PROCEDURE', 'EXECUTABLE', or 'CHAIN')
schedule_name	Name of the schedule that specifies when the job has to execute
repeat_interval	Inline time-based schedule
schedule_limit	Maximum delay time between scheduled and actual job start before a job run is canceled
start_date	Start date and time of the job
end_date	End date and time of the job
event_condition	Event condition for event-based jobs
queue_spec	File watcher name or queue specification for event-based jobs
number_of_arguments	Number of job arguments
arguments	Array of job arguments
job priority	Job priority
job_weight	*** Deprecated in Oracle Database 11gR2. Do not change the value of this attribute from the default, which is 1. Weight of the job for parallel execution.
max_run_duration	Maximum run duration of the job
max_runs	Maximum number of runs before the job is marked as completed
max_failures	Maximum number of failures tolerated before the job is marked as broken
logging_level	Job logging level
restartable	Indicates whether the job is restartable (TRUE) or not (FALSE)
stop_on_window_exit	Indicates whether the job is stopped when the window that it runs in ends (TRUE) or not (FALSE). Equivalent to thestop_on_window_close job attribute described in the SET_ATTRIBUTE Procedure.
raise_events	State changes that raise events
comments	Comments on the job
auto_drop	If TRUE (the default), indicates that the job should be dropped once completed
enabled	Indicates whether the job should be enabled immediately after creating it (TRUE) or not (FALSE)
follow_default_timezone	If TRUE and if the job start_date is null, then when thedefault_timezone scheduler attribute is changed, the Scheduler recomputes the next run date and time for this job so that it is in accordance with the new time zone.
parallel_instances	For event-based jobs only. If TRUE, on the arrival of the specified event, the Scheduler creates a new lightweight job to handle that event, so multiple instances of the same event-based job can run in parallel. If FALSE, then an event is discarded if it is raised while the job that handles it is already running,
aq_job	For internal use only
instance_id	The instance ID of the instance that the job must run on
credential_name	The credential to use for a single destination or the default credential for a group of destinations
destination	The name of a single external destination or database destination, or a group name of type external destination or database destination
database_role	In an Oracle Data Guard environment, the database role ('PRIMARY' or 'LOGICALSTANDBY') for which the job runs
allow_runs_in_restricted_mode	If TRUE, the job is permitted to run when the database is in restricted mode, provided that the job owner is permitted to log in during this mode

SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE参数:

Parameter	Description
job_name	The name of the job to be altered
argument_name	The name of the program argument being set
argument_position	The position of the program argument being set
argument_value	The new value to be set for the program argument. To set a non-VARCHAR value, use theSET_JOB_ANYDATA_VALUE procedure.

RUN_JOB参数:

Parameter	Description
job_name	A job name or a comma-separate list of entries, where each is the name of an existing job, optionally preceded by a schema name and dot separator. If you specify a multiple-destination job, the job runs on all destinations. In this case, theuse_current_session argument must be FALSE.
use_current_session	This specifies whether or not the job run should occur in the same session that the procedure was invoked from. When use_current_session is set to TRUE: The job runs as the user who called RUN_JOB, or in the case of a local external job with a credential, the user named in the credential. You can test a job and see any possible errors on the command line. run_count, last_start_date, last_run_duration, andfailure_count are not updated. RUN_JOB can be run in parallel with a regularly scheduled job run. When use_current_session is set to FALSE: The job runs as the user who is the job owner. You need to check the job log to find error information. run_count, last_start_date, last_run_duration, andfailure_count are updated. RUN_JOB fails if a regularly scheduled job is running. For jobs that have a specified destination or destination group, or point to chains or programs with the detached attribute set toTRUE, use_current_session must be FALSE

由于本例中是调用操作系统的sqlldr命令去实现数据文件的加载,所以要用到create_job过程创建的job_type为'EXECUTABLE'的job去实现,其中job_type含义如下

• 'PLSQL_BLOCK'

  This specifies that the job is an anonymous PL/SQL block. Job or program arguments are not supported when the job or program type is PLSQL_BLOCK. In this case, the number of arguments must be 0.

• 'STORED_PROCEDURE'

  This specifies that the job is a PL/SQL or Java stored procedure, or an external C subprogram. Only procedures, not functions with return values, are supported.

• 'EXECUTABLE'

  This specifies that the job is external to the database. External jobs are anything that can be executed from the command line of the operating system. Anydata arguments are not supported with a job or program type of EXECUTABLE. The job owner must have the CREATE EXTERNAL JOB system privilege before the job can be enabled or run.

• 'CHAIN'

  This specifies that the job is a chain. Arguments are not supported for a chain, so number_of_arguments must be 0.

2.由于用到dbms_scheduler包创建'EXECUTABLE'类型的job,需要对操作系统用户及数据库用户配置,以ETL(操作系统用户),ETL_TEST(数据库用户)为例进行配置,实验环境为Redhat5.5+Oracle11G(11.2.3)+Perl(5.8.8)

a.创建操作系统用户

[root@ETL ~]# useradd -d /home/etl/ -m etl
[root@ETL ~]# passwd etl
Changing password for user etl.
New UNIX password: 
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word

Retype new UNIX password: 

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
注明:在linux系统中如果没有指定创建用户的组,系统会默认创建一个与用户名一致的用户组

b.配置用户ETL的环境变量(/home/etl/.bash_profile),其中红色字体与Oracle用户保持一致即可

# .bash_profile


# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi


# User specific environment and startup programs


PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin


export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle  
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ETL 
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm  
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK" 
export ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/common/nls/admin/data 
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/lib 
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib 
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH  
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

# .bash_profile


# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi


# User specific environment and startup programs


PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin


export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle  
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ETL 
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm  
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK" 
export ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/common/nls/admin/data 
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/lib 
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib 
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH  
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

c.配置脚本及数据文件相关路径

[root@ETL /]# mkdir /ETL
[root@ETL /]# cd ETL
[root@ETL ETL]# mkdir bad
[root@ETL ETL]# mkdir log
[root@ETL ETL]# mkdir loader
[root@ETL ETL]# mkdir control
[root@ETL ETL]# mkdir data
[root@ETL ETL]# mkdir backup
[root@ETL ETL]# mkdir sh
[root@ETL ETL]# mkdir perl

[root@ETL ETL]# cd ..
[root@ETL /]# chown -R etl:etl /ETL
[root@ETL /]# chmod -R 777 /ETL

(目录说明:bad(sqlldr加载数据文件被拒的记录),log(sqlldr加载数据文件日志),loader(加载数据文件的perl脚本),control(sqlldr加载数据文件所用到的控制文件),data(sqlldr加载的数据文件,backup(数据文件的备份目录),sh(shell脚本目录),per(perl脚本目录).

d.因为此次实验是用ETL_TEST(数据库用户)调用dbms_schduler包以ETL用户身份加载数据(sqlldr加载),以下为执行'EXECUTABLE'的job相关配置 

      1.查看$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/externaljob.ora 权限

[root@ETL ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ETL ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@ETL dbhome_1]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[oracle@ETL dbhome_1]$ exit
logout
[root@ETL ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[root@ETL dbhome_1]# cd rdbms
[root@ETL rdbms]# cd admin
[root@ETL admin]# ls -al|grep externaljob.ora
-rw-r-----  1 root   oinstall    1536 Jan 30 13:28 externaljob.ora

(其中文件权限必须和上面一致)

    2.配置$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/externaljob.ora,将run_user=etl run_group=etl 具体如下:

[root@ETL admin]# vi externaljob.ora
# $Header: externaljob.ora 16-dec-2005.20:47:13 rramkiss Exp $
#
# Copyright (c) 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
# NAME
#   externaljob.ora
# FUNCTION
#   This configuration file is used by dbms_scheduler when executing external
#   (operating system) jobs. It contains the user and group to run external
#   jobs as. It must only be writable by the owner and must be owned by root.
#   If extjob is not setuid then the only allowable run_user
#   is the user Oracle runs as and the only allowable run_group is the group
#   Oracle runs as.
#
# NOTES
#   For Porters: The user and group specified here should be a lowly privileged
#                user and group for your platform. For Linux this is nobody
#                and nobody.
# MODIFIED
#     rramkiss   12/09/05 -  Creation
#
##############################################################################
# External job execution configuration file externaljob.ora
#
# This file is provided by Oracle Corporation to help you customize
# your RDBMS installation for your site.  Important system parameters
# are discussed, and default settings given.
#
# This configuration file is used by dbms_scheduler when executing external
# (operating system) jobs. It contains the user and group to run external
# jobs as. It must only be writable by the owner and must be owned by root.
# If extjob is not setuid then the only allowable run_user
# is the user Oracle runs as and the only allowable run_group is the group
# Oracle runs as.


run_user =etl    
run_group =etl    

    3.查看$ORACLE_HOME/bin/extjob文件权限

[root@ETL admin]# su - oracle
[oracle@ETL ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@ETL dbhome_1]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[oracle@ETL dbhome_1]$ exit
logout
[root@ETL admin]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[root@ETL dbhome_1]# ls -al|grep extjob
[root@ETL dbhome_1]# cd bin
[root@ETL bin]# ls -al|grep extjob
-rwsr-x---  1 root   oinstall   1249595 Jan 18 00:53 extjob
-rwx------  1 oracle oinstall   1249595 Jan 18 00:53 extjobo
-rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall   1249958 Sep 17  2011 extjobO
-rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall   1249958 Sep 17  2011 extjoboO

(注明:extjob文件权限必须与上面保持一致)

e.创建ETL_TEST(数据库用户),并给相应权限

  1.创建 ETL_TEST用户

create user etl_test identified by etl_test
default tablespace users
temporary tablespace temp;

  2.赋于相关的系统和对象权限

grant connect, resource to etl_test;
grant select on sys.v_$session to etl_test;
grant select on sys.v_$process to etl_test;
grant create job to etl_test;
grant create any job to etl_test;
grant create external job to etl_test;
grant MANAGE SCHEDULER to etl_test;
grant alter system to etl_test;
grant execute on DBMS_LOCK to etl_test;
grant execute on DBMS_PIPE to etl_test;
grant execute on UTL_FILE to etl_test;
grant execute on DBMS_SCHEDULER to etl_test;
grant all on DBMS_SCHEDULER to etl_test;
grant execute on DBMS_CRYPTO to etl_test;
grant create any directory to etl_test;
grant debug any procedure, debug connect session to etl_test; 
grant select on sys.dba_free_space to etl_test; 
grant select on sys.dba_data_files to etl_test;

  3.创建Oracle的Directory并赋权

create or replace directory RWA_FILE_DATA as '/ETL/data';
create or replace directory RWA_FILE_BAD as '/ETL/bad';
create or replace directory RWA_FILE_LOG as '/ETL/log';
create or replace directory RWA_FILE_CONTROL as '/ETL/control';
create or replace directory RWA_FILE_LOADER as '/ETL/loader';
create or replace directory RWA_FILE_SH as '/ETL/sh';
create or replace directory RWA_FILE_BACKUP as '/ETL/backup';
create or replace directory RWA_FILE_PERL as '/ETL/perl';


grant read, write on directory RWA_FILE_DATA to etl_test;
grant read, write on directory RWA_FILE_PERL to etl_test;
grant read, write on directory RWA_FILE_BAD to etl_test;
grant read, write on directory RWA_FILE_LOG to etl_test;
grant read, write on directory RWA_FILE_CONTROL to etl_test;
grant read, write on directory RWA_FILE_LOADER to etl_test;
grant read, write on directory RWA_FILE_SH to etl_test;
grant read, write on directory RWA_FILE_BACKUP  to etl_test;

f.加载数据文件

  1.加载数据的表

create table F_MUREX_GL
(
  data_dt  DATE,
  areano   VARCHAR2(10),
  currency VARCHAR2(10),
  apcode   VARCHAR2(20),
  orgcde   VARCHAR2(20),
  damount  NUMBER,
  camount  NUMBER,
  remark   VARCHAR2(1000)
);

  2.加载数据的控制文件,数据文件,shell脚本,perl脚本如下

    a.RWA_EDW_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO.ctl -- sqlldr控制文件 目录:/ETL/control

[etl@ETL control]$ more RWA_EDW_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO.ctl
load data
TRUNCATE into table F_MUREX_GL
fields terminated by X'01' 
trailing nullcols
(DATA_DT DATE'yyyy-mm-dd',AREANO,CURRENCY,APCODE,ORGCDE,DAMOUNT,CAMOUNT,REMARK)

   b.RWA_EDW_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO.sh -- 加载数据的shell文件 目录:/ETL/loader

[etl@ETL loader]$ more RWA_EDW_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO.sh
#!/bin/sh
. /home/etl/.bash_profile
vOraPwd=$1
sqlldr userid=etl_test/$vOraPwd@ETL control=/ETL/control/RWA_EDW_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO.ctl data=/ETL/data/RWA_EDW_RWA_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO_20140630_001.txt log=/ETL/log/RWA
_EDW_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO.log bad=/ETL/bad/RWA_EDW_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO.bad

  c.RWA_EDW_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO.pl  -- 调用加载数据文件的shell脚本(RWA_EDW_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO.sh)

#! /usr/bin/perl
########################################################
# @name :RWA_EDW_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO.pl
# @parameter : db user pasaword 
# @description : run RWA_EDW_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO.sh and load data to table F_MUREX_GL
#                 
# @create_date :2015-02-09
# @author :Tux
# @version :1.0.0
# @source :
# @target :
# @modify :
# @copyright :
####################################################################
use strict;
my $passwd;
my $clm_shell = '/ETL/loader/RWA_EDW_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO.sh';
$passwd = $ARGV[0];
# run shell script 
eval {
    system("sh $clm_shell $passwd");
};


if ($@ ne '') {
    die "execute sqlldr  script failed\n";
}
else 
{
print  "the sqlldr script run sucessessfull !!\n";

}

d.RWA_EDW_RWA_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO_20140630_001.txt  -- 数据文件

[etl@ETL data]$ more RWA_EDW_RWA_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO_20140630_001.txt
2014-06-30^^^^
2014-06-30   00350AED0232    6114                  0.000        1000000.000                       
2014-06-30   00350AUD0148    6107            4538300.000              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350AUD0110    6107            1526300.000              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350AUD0971    6107            8006100.000              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350AUD0158    6107                154.430              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350AUD5497    6108                  0.000          15200.000                       
2014-06-30   00350AUD0155    6108            1000000.000              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CAD0239    6107                  0.000         950000.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CAD0247    6107                  0.000         950000.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CAD9317    6107             262222.000              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CAD0123    6114            1000000.000              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CHF0971    6107            2383200.000              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00036CNY9867    6118             572590.240              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY7066    6118            9000000.000              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00036CNY7048    6118         7546536516.090              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00036CNY6814    6118            1323765.700              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY5512    6107                  0.000     1089729877.740                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY9861    6118             248471.230              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY9887    6118               2666.660              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00036CNY5433    6104                  0.000         130676.080                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY5453    6107          500495181.380              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY5562    6107                  0.000       50571245.930                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY7591    6124           69524032.280              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00036CNY9971    6104            4313539.170              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00036CNY6025    6121                105.860              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY5149    6118                  0.000         108304.850                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY5605    6110                  0.000        1790434.050                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY7274    6110           78709183.050              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY7272    6110            1000000.000              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY9322    6107                  0.000      316363894.130                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY8804    6120             328682.870              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY0961    6116             330410.960              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY0845    6116                  0.000        3041470.520                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY0745    6116            3041470.520              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY0975    6116          200000000.000              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY8578    6110                  0.000       98844709.540                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY7492    6110            3501396.240              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350CNY8635    6110           98844709.540              0.000                       
2014-06-30   00350EUR9875    6112                  0.000        3000000.000 

3.创建加载数据文件的EXCUTABLE类型job,执行并查看日志

-- 创建executable job
begin
       dbms_scheduler.create_job(
       job_name => 'LF_PERL',
       job_type => 'EXECUTABLE',
       job_action => '/ETL/loader/RWA_EDW_PLEDGE_IMPAWN_INFO.pl',
       start_date => systimestamp,
       number_of_arguments => 1,
     --  job_class       => 'no_logging_class',
       auto_drop => true,
       comments => 'LF_PERL');
end;
-- 传入参数
begin 
    dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value(job_name => 'LF_PERL',
                                          argument_position =>1 ,
                                          argument_value =>'etl_test' );
end;
-- 执行
begin 
   dbms_scheduler.run_job(job_name =>'LF_PERL');
end;
-- 删除job
begin 
  dbms_scheduler.drop_job(job_name => 'LF_PERL');
end;
-- 清除job日志
begin 
  dbms_scheduler.purge_log(job_name => 'LF_PERL');
end;

-- 查看JOB
select * from user_scheduler_jobs t
where job_name = 'LF_PERL'
;
-- 查看JOB执行情况
select * from user_scheduler_job_run_details t
where job_name = 'LF_PERL'