在普通的mfc工程中常常需要添加com接口支持.最典型的应用就是使用
com中的连接点机制时,需要在客户端实现事件接受器.简单说来,就是要实现在com服务器端声明的事件接口.这个接口由server端暴露给client,然后由client实现之,并在适当的时候由server端触发事件达到通知client的目的.这个过程就是连接点的回调.
支持IDispatch的接口,就是通常所说的双接口.支持IUnknown的接口通过vtbl来调用接口方法.vtbl是c++中类的内存结构形式,因而在vb,asp及各种script中只能通过组件暴露的IDispatch接口来调用接口方法.
以实现连接点为例,我们分别用上面所说的两种形式(客户端sink组件实现IDispatch接口以及不实现IDispatch接口)来说说在mfc工程中如何添加com接口支持.
1.sink组件不支持IDispatch
(1)Server:
在server端实现组件对事件回调的支持的步骤就不累述.这里说说关键地方在于,IDL文件需要这样修改几处:
library CONNECTIONCOMLib
{
importlib("stdole32.tlb");
importlib("stdole2.tlb");
[
uuid(AFE854B0-246F-4B66-B26F-A1060225C71C),
helpstring("_IxxxEvents Interface")
]
// Old block - take this out
// dispinterface _IxxxEvents
// {
// properties:
// methods:
// [id(1), helpstring("method ExecutionOver")]
// HRESULT ExecutionOver(intResult);
// };
//To this one -put this in
interface _Ixxxvents : IUnknown
{
[id(1), helpstring("method ExecutionOver")] HRESULT
ExecutionOver(intResult);
};
[
uuid(630B3CD3-DDB1-43CE-AD2F-4F57DC54D5D0),
helpstring("xxx Class")
]
coclass xxx
{
[default] interface Ixxx;
//[default, source] dispinterface _IxxxEvents; take this line
//out and put the line below in
[default, source] interface _IxxxEvents ;
};
};
目的是取消对IDispatch接口的支持.
在适当的地方添加Fire_xxx()即可触发client实现的事件函数.
(2)Client:
在client端添加一个新类,继承自_IxxxEvent,然后实现其成员函数:InterfaceQuery(),AddRef(),Release(),还有当然就是在server端定义的事件触发成员函数.
2.sink组件支持双接口.
mfc和atl中不一样.示例如下:
用ClassWizaed添加一个Automation类
.h中
class CProxyEvents : public CCmdTarget
{
DECLARE_DYNCREATE(CProxyEvents)
CProxyEvents(); // protected constructor used by dynamic creation
// Attributes
public:
void OnOption(VARIANT *Option);
void OnData(VARIANT *Data);
void OnError(int ErrorCode);
void OnConnectStatus(int ConnectStatus);
void OnErrorMessage(BSTR ErrorMessage);
void OnNews(BSTR News);
void OnKeepAlive(BSTR AckResponse);
HWND hwnd;
// Operations
public:
virtual ~CProxyEvents();
// Overrides
// ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
//{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CProxyEvents)
public:
virtual void OnFinalRelease();
//}}AFX_VIRTUAL
// Implementation
protected:
// Generated message map functions
//{{AFX_MSG(CProxyEvents)
// NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here.
//}}AFX_MSG
DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
// Generated OLE dispatch map functions
//{{AFX_DISPATCH(CProxyEvents)
// NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here.
//}}AFX_DISPATCH
DECLARE_DISPATCH_MAP()
DECLARE_INTERFACE_MAP()
};
.cpp中
BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CProxyEvents, CCmdTarget)
//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CProxyEvents)
// NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove mapping macros here.
//}}AFX_MSG_MAP
END_MESSAGE_MAP()
BEGIN_DISPATCH_MAP(CProxyEvents, CCmdTarget)
DISP_FUNCTION_ID(CProxyEvents, "Option",8,OnOption, VT_EMPTY, VTS_PVARIANT)
DISP_FUNCTION_ID(CProxyEvents, "Data",2,OnData, VT_EMPTY, VTS_PVARIANT)
// [id(3), helpstring("method Error")] void Error(int ErrorCode);
DISP_FUNCTION_ID(CProxyEvents, "Error",3,OnError, VT_EMPTY, VTS_I4)
// [id(4), helpstring("method ConnectStatus")] void ConnectStatus(int ConnectStatus);
DISP_FUNCTION_ID(CProxyEvents, "ConnectStatus",4,OnConnectStatus, VT_EMPTY, VTS_I4)
// [id(5), helpstring("method ErrorMessage")] void ErrorMessage(BSTR ErrorMessage);
DISP_FUNCTION_ID(CProxyEvents, "ErrorMessage",5,OnErrorMessage, VT_EMPTY, VTS_BSTR)
// [id(6), helpstring("method News")] void News(BSTR News);
DISP_FUNCTION_ID(CProxyEvents, "News",6,OnNews, VT_EMPTY, VTS_BSTR)
// [id(7), helpstring("method KeepAlive")] void KeepAlive(BSTR AckResponse);
DISP_FUNCTION_ID(CProxyEvents, "KeepAlive",7,OnKeepAlive, VT_EMPTY, VTS_BSTR)
END_DISPATCH_MAP()
// Note: we add support for IID_IProxyEvents to support typesafe binding
// from VBA. This IID must match the GUID that is attached to the
// dispinterface in the .ODL file.
// {1F2E2D8A-7CE3-4BCA-A360-C66C46A86626}
BEGIN_INTERFACE_MAP(CProxyEvents, CCmdTarget)
INTERFACE_PART(CProxyEvents, DIID__IServerProxyEvents, Dispatch)
END_INTERFACE_MAP()
代码中用
LPUNKNOWN unknown=pProxyEvents->GetIDispatch(FALSE);
m_dwCookie=0;
int ret=AfxConnectionAdvise(m_ServerProxy, DIID__IServerProxyEvents, unknown, FALSE, &m_dwCookie);建立连接.
一般地,使一个mfc类支持IDispatch接口(添加自动化支持)可以通过以下步骤:
1.在CMyDialog的类声明中(即.h)加入
DECLARE_DISPATCH_MAP()
DECLARE_INTERFACE_MAP()
两个宏,再在源文件(.cpp)中添加
BEGIN_INTERFACE_MAP( CMyDialog, CDialog )
INTERFACE_PART( CMyDialog, IID_IDispatch, Dispatch )
END_INTERFACE_MAP()
BEGIN_DISPATCH_MAP( CMyDialog, CDialog )
//这里添加属性或方法
END_DISPATCH_MAP()
并在构造函数调用EnableAutomation();即可.在BEGIN_DISPATCH_MAP和END_DISPATCH_MAP宏之间加入想加的DISP_FUNCTION之类的宏以建立映射.如果觉得手动添加DISP_FUNCTION之类的宏麻烦,可如下修改即可使用ClassWizard来对这个类添加方法和属性了
在.cpp中
BEGIN_DISPATCH_MAP( CMyDialog, CDialog )
//{{AFX_DISPATCH_MAP( CMyDialog )
//}}AFX_DISPATCH_MAP
END_DISPATCH_MAP()
在.h中,在类声明中的任何一个地方加入
//{{AFX_DISPATCH( CMyDialog )
//}}AFX_DISPATCH
如上后就可通过ClassWizard来添加方法和属性了.