ld

$ ld --version
GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.20.51-system.20100908
Copyright 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) a later version.

This program has absolutely no warranty.

$ ld --help
Usage: ld [options] file...
Options:
  -a KEYWORD                  Shared library control for HP/UX compatibility
  -A ARCH, --architecture ARCH
                              Set architecture
  -b TARGET, --format TARGET  Specify target for following input files

-c FILE, --mri-script FILE  Read MRI format linker script

指定链接器脚本

  -d, -dc, -dp                Force common symbols to be defined

-e ADDRESS, --entry ADDRESS Set start address

设置起始地址

  -E, --export-dynamic        Export all dynamic symbols
  --no-export-dynamic         Undo the effect of --export-dynamic
  -EB                         Link big-endian objects
  -EL                         Link little-endian objects
  -f SHLIB, --auxiliary SHLIB Auxiliary filter for shared object symbol table
  -F SHLIB, --filter SHLIB    Filter for shared object symbol table
  -g                          Ignored
  -G SIZE, --gpsize SIZE      Small data size (if no size, same as --shared)
  -h FILENAME, -soname FILENAME
                              Set internal name of shared library

-I PROGRAM, --dynamic-linker PROGRAM          

Set PROGRAM as the dynamic linker to use

  -l LIBNAME, --library LIBNAME
                              Search for library LIBNAME
  -L DIRECTORY, --library-path DIRECTORY
                              Add DIRECTORY to library search path
  --sysroot=<DIRECTORY>       Override the default sysroot location
  -m EMULATION                Set emulation

-M, --print-map             Print map file on standard output

  -n, --nmagic                Do not page align data
  -N, --omagic                Do not page align data, do not make text readonly
  --no-omagic                 Page align data, make text readonly
  -o FILE, --output FILE      Set output file name

-O                          Optimize output file
  -Qy                         Ignored for SVR4 compatibility
  -q, --emit-relocs           Generate relocations in final output

-r, -i, --relocatable       Generate relocatable output
-R FILE, --just-symbols FILE
                              Just link symbols (if directory, same as --rpath)
-s, --strip-all             Strip(删除、清除) all symbols
-S, --strip-debug           Strip debugging symbols
  --strip-discarded           Strip symbols in discarded sections
  --no-strip-discarded        Do not strip symbols in discarded sections

  -t, --trace                 Trace file opens

-T FILE, --script FILE      Read linker script

链接器脚本

  --default-script FILE, -dT  Read default linker script
  -u SYMBOL, --undefined SYMBOL
                              Start with undefined reference to SYMBOL
  --unique [=SECTION]         Don't merge input [SECTION | orphan] sections
  -Ur                         Build global constructor/destructor tables
  -v, --version               Print version information
  -V                          Print version and emulation information
  -x, --discard-all           Discard all local symbols
  -X, --discard-locals        Discard temporary local symbols (default)
  --discard-none              Don't discard any local symbols
  -y SYMBOL, --trace-symbol SYMBOL
                              Trace mentions of SYMBOL
  -Y PATH                     Default search path for Solaris compatibility
  -(, --start-group           Start a group
  -), --end-group             End a group
  --accept-unknown-input-arch Accept input files whose architecture cannot be determined
  --no-accept-unknown-input-arch
                              Reject input files whose architecture is unknown
  --as-needed                 Only set DT_NEEDED for following dynamic libs if used
  --no-as-needed              Always set DT_NEEDED for dynamic libraries mentioned on
                                the command line
  -assert KEYWORD             Ignored for SunOS compatibility
  -Bdynamic, -dy, -call_shared
                              Link against shared libraries
  -Bstatic, -dn, -non_shared, -static
                              Do not link against shared libraries
  -Bsymbolic                  Bind global references locally
  -Bsymbolic-functions        Bind global function references locally
  --check-sections            Check section addresses for overlaps (default)
  --no-check-sections         Do not check section addresses for overlaps
  --copy-dt-needed-entries    Copy DT_NEEDED links mentioned inside DSOs that follow
  --no-copy-dt-needed-entries Do not copy DT_NEEDED links mentioned inside DSOs that follow
  --cref                      Output cross reference table
  --defsym SYMBOL=EXPRESSION  Define a symbol
  --demangle [=STYLE]         Demangle symbol names [using STYLE]
  --embedded-relocs           Generate embedded relocs
  --fatal-warnings            Treat warnings as errors
  --no-fatal-warnings         Do not treat warnings as errors (default)
  -fini SYMBOL                Call SYMBOL at unload-time
  --force-exe-suffix          Force generation of file with .exe suffix
  --gc-sections               Remove unused sections (on some targets)
  --no-gc-sections            Don't remove unused sections (default)
  --print-gc-sections         List removed unused sections on stderr
  --no-print-gc-sections      Do not list removed unused sections
  --hash-size=<NUMBER>        Set default hash table size close to <NUMBER>
  --help                      Print option help
  -init SYMBOL                Call SYMBOL at load-time
  -Map FILE                   Write a map file
  --no-define-common          Do not define Common storage
  --no-demangle               Do not demangle symbol names
  --no-keep-memory            Use less memory and more disk I/O
  --no-undefined              Do not allow unresolved references in object files
  --allow-shlib-undefined     Allow unresolved references in shared libaries
  --no-allow-shlib-undefined  Do not allow unresolved references in shared libs
  --allow-multiple-definition Allow multiple definitions
  --no-undefined-version      Disallow undefined version
  --default-symver            Create default symbol version
  --default-imported-symver   Create default symbol version for imported symbols
  --no-warn-mismatch          Don't warn about mismatched input files
  --no-warn-search-mismatch   Don't warn on finding an incompatible library
  --no-whole-archive          Turn off --whole-archive
  --noinhibit-exec            Create an output file even if errors occur
  -nostdlib                   Only use library directories specified on
                                the command line
  --oformat TARGET            Specify target of output file
  -qmagic                     Ignored for Linux compatibility
  --reduce-memory-overheads   Reduce memory overheads, possibly taking much longer
  --relax                     Reduce code size by using target specific optimizations
  --no-relax                  Do not use relaxation techniques to reduce code size
  --retain-symbols-file FILE  Keep only symbols listed in FILE
  -rpath PATH                 Set runtime shared library search path
  -rpath-link PATH            Set link time shared library search path
  -shared, -Bshareable        Create a shared library
  -pie, --pic-executable      Create a position independent executable
  --sort-common [=ascending|descending]
                              Sort common symbols by alignment [in specified order]
  --sort-section name|alignment
                              Sort sections by name or maximum alignment
  --spare-dynamic-tags COUNT  How many tags to reserve in .dynamic section
  --split-by-file [=SIZE]     Split output sections every SIZE octets
  --split-by-reloc [=COUNT]   Split output sections every COUNT relocs
  --stats                     Print memory usage statistics
  --target-help               Display target specific options
  --task-link SYMBOL          Do task level linking
  --traditional-format        Use same format as native linker
  --section-start SECTION=ADDRESS
                              Set address of named section
  -Tbss ADDRESS               Set address of .bss section
  -Tdata ADDRESS              Set address of .data section
  -Ttext ADDRESS              Set address of .text section
  -Ttext-segment ADDRESS      Set address of text segment
  --unresolved-symbols=<method>
                              How to handle unresolved symbols.  <method> is:
                                ignore-all, report-all, ignore-in-object-files,
                                ignore-in-shared-libs
  --verbose                   Output lots of information during link
  --version-script FILE       Read version information script
  --version-exports-section SYMBOL
                              Take export symbols list from .exports, using
                                SYMBOL as the version.
  --dynamic-list-data         Add data symbols to dynamic list
  --dynamic-list-cpp-new      Use C++ operator new/delete dynamic list
  --dynamic-list-cpp-typeinfo Use C++ typeinfo dynamic list
  --dynamic-list FILE         Read dynamic list
  --warn-common               Warn about duplicate common symbols
  --warn-constructors         Warn if global constructors/destructors are seen
  --warn-multiple-gp          Warn if the multiple GP values are used
  --warn-once                 Warn only once per undefined symbol
  --warn-section-align        Warn if start of section changes due to alignment
  --warn-shared-textrel       Warn if shared object has DT_TEXTREL
  --warn-alternate-em         Warn if an object has alternate ELF machine code
  --warn-unresolved-symbols   Report unresolved symbols as warnings
  --error-unresolved-symbols  Report unresolved symbols as errors
  --whole-archive             Include all objects from following archives
  --wrap SYMBOL               Use wrapper functions for SYMBOL
  @FILE                       Read options from FILE
ld: supported targets: elf64-x86-64 elf32-i386 a.out-i386-linux pei-i386 pei-x86-64 elf64-l1om elf64-little elf64-big elf32-little elf32-big plugin srec symbolsrec verilog tekhex binary ihex
ld: supported emulations: elf_x86_64 elf_i386 i386linux elf_l1om
ld: emulation specific options:
elf_x86_64:
  --build-id[=STYLE]          Generate build ID note
  --audit=AUDITLIB            Specify a library to use for auditing
  -P AUDITLIB, --depaudit=AUDITLIB
                              Specify a library to use for auditing dependencies
  -Bgroup                     Selects group name lookup rules for DSO
  --disable-new-dtags         Disable new dynamic tags
  --enable-new-dtags          Enable new dynamic tags
  --eh-frame-hdr              Create .eh_frame_hdr section
  --hash-style=STYLE          Set hash style to sysv, gnu or both
  -z combreloc                Merge dynamic relocs into one section and sort
  -z defs                     Report unresolved symbols in object files.
  -z execstack                Mark executable as requiring executable stack
  -z initfirst                Mark DSO to be initialized first at runtime
  -z interpose                Mark object to interpose all DSOs but executable
  -z lazy                     Mark object lazy runtime binding (default)
  -z loadfltr                 Mark object requiring immediate process
  -z muldefs                  Allow multiple definitions
  -z nocombreloc              Don't merge dynamic relocs into one section
  -z nocopyreloc              Don't create copy relocs
  -z nodefaultlib             Mark object not to use default search paths
  -z nodelete                 Mark DSO non-deletable at runtime
  -z nodlopen                 Mark DSO not available to dlopen
  -z nodump                   Mark DSO not available to dldump
  -z noexecstack              Mark executable as not requiring executable stack
  -z norelro                  Don't create RELRO program header
  -z now                      Mark object non-lazy runtime binding
  -z origin                   Mark object requiring immediate $ORIGIN
                                processing at runtime
  -z relro                    Create RELRO program header
  -z max-page-size=SIZE       Set maximum page size to SIZE
  -z common-page-size=SIZE    Set common page size to SIZE
  -z KEYWORD                  Ignored for Solaris compatibility
elf_i386:
  --build-id[=STYLE]          Generate build ID note
  --audit=AUDITLIB            Specify a library to use for auditing
  -P AUDITLIB, --depaudit=AUDITLIB
                              Specify a library to use for auditing dependencies
  -Bgroup                     Selects group name lookup rules for DSO
  --disable-new-dtags         Disable new dynamic tags
  --enable-new-dtags          Enable new dynamic tags
  --eh-frame-hdr              Create .eh_frame_hdr section
  --hash-style=STYLE          Set hash style to sysv, gnu or both
  -z combreloc                Merge dynamic relocs into one section and sort
  -z defs                     Report unresolved symbols in object files.
  -z execstack                Mark executable as requiring executable stack
  -z initfirst                Mark DSO to be initialized first at runtime
  -z interpose                Mark object to interpose all DSOs but executable
  -z lazy                     Mark object lazy runtime binding (default)
  -z loadfltr                 Mark object requiring immediate process
  -z muldefs                  Allow multiple definitions
  -z nocombreloc              Don't merge dynamic relocs into one section
  -z nocopyreloc              Don't create copy relocs
  -z nodefaultlib             Mark object not to use default search paths
  -z nodelete                 Mark DSO non-deletable at runtime
  -z nodlopen                 Mark DSO not available to dlopen
  -z nodump                   Mark DSO not available to dldump
  -z noexecstack              Mark executable as not requiring executable stack
  -z norelro                  Don't create RELRO program header
  -z now                      Mark object non-lazy runtime binding
  -z origin                   Mark object requiring immediate $ORIGIN
                                processing at runtime
  -z relro                    Create RELRO program header
  -z max-page-size=SIZE       Set maximum page size to SIZE
  -z common-page-size=SIZE    Set common page size to SIZE
  -z KEYWORD                  Ignored for Solaris compatibility
elf_l1om:
  --build-id[=STYLE]          Generate build ID note
  --audit=AUDITLIB            Specify a library to use for auditing
  -P AUDITLIB, --depaudit=AUDITLIB
                              Specify a library to use for auditing dependencies
  -Bgroup                     Selects group name lookup rules for DSO
  --disable-new-dtags         Disable new dynamic tags
  --enable-new-dtags          Enable new dynamic tags
  --eh-frame-hdr              Create .eh_frame_hdr section
  --hash-style=STYLE          Set hash style to sysv, gnu or both
  -z combreloc                Merge dynamic relocs into one section and sort
  -z defs                     Report unresolved symbols in object files.
  -z execstack                Mark executable as requiring executable stack
  -z initfirst                Mark DSO to be initialized first at runtime
  -z interpose                Mark object to interpose all DSOs but executable
  -z lazy                     Mark object lazy runtime binding (default)
  -z loadfltr                 Mark object requiring immediate process
  -z muldefs                  Allow multiple definitions
  -z nocombreloc              Don't merge dynamic relocs into one section
  -z nocopyreloc              Don't create copy relocs
  -z nodefaultlib             Mark object not to use default search paths
  -z nodelete                 Mark DSO non-deletable at runtime
  -z nodlopen                 Mark DSO not available to dlopen
  -z nodump                   Mark DSO not available to dldump
  -z noexecstack              Mark executable as not requiring executable stack
  -z norelro                  Don't create RELRO program header
  -z now                      Mark object non-lazy runtime binding
  -z origin                   Mark object requiring immediate $ORIGIN
                                processing at runtime
  -z relro                    Create RELRO program header
  -z max-page-size=SIZE       Set maximum page size to SIZE
  -z common-page-size=SIZE    Set common page size to SIZE
  -z KEYWORD                  Ignored for Solaris compatibility


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