音频器件与DSP间的接口
两个概念:
* 采样频率:每秒采多少次;
* 量化精度(位数):每采一次采出的电压值分为多少份,如:量化精度为8bit,则分为2的8次方等份。
PCM接口:
由时钟脉冲(BCLK)、帧同步(FS)、数据接收(DR)、数据发送(DX)组成,每个音频通道获得一条独立的数据队列;
IIS(Inter-IC Sound)接口:
1980s-LRCLK(Left/Right Clock) ,其高位为左声道,低位为右声道;
AC97接口:
是一种数据格式,用于音频编码的内部架构规格,具有控制功能;AC-Link接口:位时钟(BITCLK),同步校正(SYNC)、编码到处理器(SDATAIN)与CPU到编码器(SDATAOUT)。
OSS驱动的组成与用户空间编程
OSS驱动实现两个基本音频设备:
mixer(混音器)
分为 input mixer 和 output mixer
打开设备 /dev/mixer 后,
可使用 ioctl(mixerfd, SOUND_MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_MIC), &value);
及 ioctl(mixerfd, SOUND_MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_VOLUME), &value);
来读取和写入麦克及喇叭的输入、输出增益;
dsp(数字信号处理器)
首先打开 /dev/dsp (声卡若支持全双工模式,则可以 O_RDWR 模式打开)后,
使用 ioctl(dspfd, SOUND_PCM_WRITE_CHANNELS, &value); 设置通道数,
ioctl(dspfd, SOUND_PCM_WRITE_RATE, &value); 设置采样频率,
ioctl(dspfd, SOUND_PCM_WRITE_BITS, &value); 设置量化位数,
使用 read 和 write 对 dspfd 设备操作,可实现录音放音,
ioctl(dspfd, SOUND_PCM_SYNC, 0); 函数可实现录音前等待放音结束。
简单的录音放音程序实例:
/*
* ===================================================================
*
* Filename: oss.c
*
* Description:
*
* Version: 1.0
* Created: Monday, May 24, 2010 11:07:27 HKT HKT
* Revision: none
* Compiler: gcc
*
* Author: Wang Cheng (Dancy), [email protected]
* Company: Kunming Lang Ju Inc.
*
* ===================================================================
*/
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <linux/soundcard.h>
#define RATE 8000
#define SIZE 8
#define CHANNELS 1
unsigned char buf[RATE*SIZE*CHANNELS/(8)];
char voice_name[] = "test.wav";//record file name
volatile int file_voice_fd=-1;//record file fd;
volatile int fd; /* 声音设备的文件描述符 */
//关闭声卡设备
void file_close()
{
if(fd >0)
{
close(fd);
fd=-1;
}
}
int file_open()
{
int arg; /* 用于ioctl调用的参数 */
int status; /* 系统调用的返回值 */
status = 1;
int ret;
ret = 0;
//判断声音设备是否打开
if (fd > 0) return fd;
/* 打开声音设备 */
fd = open("/dev/dsp", O_RDWR,0);
if (fd < 0) {
perror("open of /dev/dsp failed");
ret = -1;
goto quit;
}
ret = fd;
/* 设置采样时的量化位数 */
arg = SIZE;
status = ioctl(fd, SOUND_PCM_WRITE_BITS, &arg);
if (status == -1)
{
perror("SOUND_PCM_WRITE_BITS ioctl failed");
ret = -2;
goto fd_err;
}
if (arg != SIZE)
{
perror("unable to set sample size");
ret = -3;
goto fd_err;
}
/* 设置采样时的声道数目 */
arg = CHANNELS;
status = ioctl(fd, SOUND_PCM_WRITE_CHANNELS, &arg);
if (status == -1)
{
perror("SOUND_PCM_WRITE_CHANNELS ioctl failed");
ret = -4;
file_close();
goto fd_err;
}
if (arg != CHANNELS)
{
perror("unable to set number of channels");
ret = -5;
goto fd_err;
}
/* 设置采样时的采样频率 */
arg = RATE;
status = ioctl(fd, SOUND_PCM_WRITE_RATE, &arg);
if (status == -1)
{
perror("SOUND_PCM_WRITE_WRITE ioctl failed");
ret = -6;
}
fd_err:
if(ret < 0)
{
file_close();
}
quit:
printf("ret = %d\n",ret);
return ret;
}
int create_voice_file()
{
file_voice_fd = open(voice_name , O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IXUSR);
if(file_voice_fd < 0)
{
printf("create new file failure");
return -1;
}
printf("voice_name = %s, file fd is %d\n",voice_name, file_voice_fd);
return 0;
}
int open_voice_file()
{
file_voice_fd = open(voice_name , O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_APPEND,S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IXUSR);
if(file_voice_fd < 0)
{
printf("create new file failure");
return -1;
}
printf("voice_name = %s, file fd is %d\n",voice_name, file_voice_fd);
return 0;
}
int close_record_file()
{
if(file_voice_fd >0 )
{
close(file_voice_fd);
file_voice_fd = -1;
return 0;
}
else
{
return -1;
}
}
int main(int agrc, char **argv)
{
file_open();
if ('c' == **(argv+1))
{
printf("voice record!\n");
create_voice_file();
int i = 0;
while (i<5)
{
read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
write(file_voice_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
printf("No. %d\n", i++);
}
close_record_file();
goto play;
}
else if ('p' == **(argv+1))
{
play:
printf("voice play!\n");
open_voice_file();
char playbuf[RATE*SIZE*CHANNELS/8*5];
read(file_voice_fd, playbuf, sizeof(playbuf));
write(fd, playbuf, sizeof(playbuf));
close_record_file();
}
else
{
printf("please input args...\nc for record and p for play.\n");
}
file_close();
}
参考文献:宋宝华 《Linux设备驱动开发详解》