Apache Maven的插件概述

Maven从功能上说是个项目管理工具，但是从实现方式上说是个插件执行框架，因为任何项目管理的目标（goal）都是通过插件实现的。

一个Maven插件，至少应该包含如下信息：

• groupId
• artifactId
• version

例如，对于常用的Archetype插件，其对应的信息如下：

<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-archetype-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>

从插件的发布方式上，Maven插件可以分为 核心插件和 扩展插件。核心插件是Maven项目提供的、随着Maven发布包一起发布的插件，即提供了Maven内置的功能，如Maven内置的生命周期阶段事实上就是由Maven的若干个核心插件提供。扩展插件是对Maven的核心插件的补充，需要在POM中特别声明。

从插件的功能上，Maven插件可以分为Build插件和Reporting插件。Build插件是在项目的build阶段执行的插件，往往在POM的<build>中配置。Reporting插件是在项目的site阶段执行的插件，往往在POM的<reporting>中配置。

Apache Maven项目本身就提供了大量的Maven插件，有核心插件、打包插件和通用工具插件等。

1. 核心插件

名称	类型	版本	发布日期	备注
clean	Build	3.0.0	2015-10-22	Clean up after the build.
compiler	Build	3.5.1	2016-02-09	Compiles Java sources.
deploy	Build	2.8.2	2014-08-27	Deploy the built artifact to the remote repository.
failsafe	Build	2.19.1	2016-01-03	Run the JUnit integration tests in an isolated classloader.
install	Build	2.5.2	2014-08-27	Install the built artifact into the local repository.
resources	Build	2.7	2014-09-29	Copy the resources to the output directory for including in the JAR.
site	Build	3.5.1	2016-04-15	Generate a site for the current project.
surefire	Build	2.19.1	2016-01-03	Run the JUnit unit tests in an isolated classloader.
verifier	Build	1.1	2015-04-14	Useful for integration tests - verifies the existence of certain conditions.

2. 打包插件

名称	类型	版本	发布日期	备注
ear	Build	2.10.1	2015-06-27	Generate an EAR from the current project.
ejb	Build	2.5.1	2015-06-20	Build an EJB (and optional client) from the current project.
jar	Build	2.6	2015-03-09	Build a JAR from the current project.
rar	Build	2.4	2014-09-08	Build a RAR from the current project.
war	Build	2.6	2015-01-08	Build a WAR from the current project.
app-client/acr	Build	3.0.0	2015-01-23	Build a JavaEE application client from the current project.
shade	Build	2.4.3	2016-01-10	Build an Uber-JAR from the current project, including dependencies.
source	Build	3.0.0	2016-02-10	Build a source-JAR from the current project.

3. 报告插件

名称	类型	版本	发布日期	备注
changelog	Reporting	2.3	2014-06-24	Generate a list of recent changes from your SCM.
changes	Build+Reporting	2.12	2016-03-31	Generate a report from an issue tracker or a change document.
checkstyle	Build+Reporting	2.17	2015-10-15	Generate a Checkstyle report.
doap	Build	1.2	2015-03-17	Generate a Description of a Project (DOAP) file from a POM.
docck	Build	1.1	2015-04-03	Documentation checker plugin.
javadoc	Build+Reporting	2.10.3	2015-04-14	Generate Javadoc for the project.
jdeps	Build	3.0.0	2015-10-29	Run JDK's JDeps tool on the project.
jxr	Reporting	2.5	2014-11-02	Generate a source cross reference.
linkcheck	Reporting	1.2	2014-10-08	Generate a Linkcheck report of your project's documentation.
pmd	Build+Reporting	3.6	2015-12-17	Generate a PMD report.
project-info-reports	Reporting	2.9	2016-03-01	Generate standard project reports.
surefire-report	Reporting	2.19.1	2016-01-03	Generate a report based on the results of unit tests.

4. 其他工具插件

名称	类型	版本	发布日期	备注
ant	Build	2.4	2014-12-15	Generate an Ant build file for the project.
antrun	Build	1.8	2014-12-26	Run a set of ant tasks from a phase of the build.
archetype	Build	2.4	2015-08-09	Generate a skeleton project structure from an archetype.
assembly	Build	2.6	2015-10-10	Build an assembly (distribution) of sources and/or binaries.
dependency	Build+Reporting	2.10	2015-01-27	Dependency manipulation (copy, unpack) and analysis.
enforcer	Build	1.4.1	2015-08-23	Environmental constraint checking (Maven Version, JDK etc), User Custom Rule Execution.
gpg	Build	1.6	2015-01-19	Create signatures for the artifacts and poms.
help	Build	2.2	2013-02-23	Get information about the working environment for the project.
invoker	Build+Reporting	2.0.0	2015-06-27	Run a set of Maven projects and verify the output.
jarsigner	Build	1.4	2015-01-21	Signs or verifies project artifacts.
patch	Build	1.2	2015-03-09	Use the gnu patch tool to apply patch files to source code.
pdf	Build	1.3	2015-02-16	Generate a PDF version of your project's documentation.
plugin	Build+Reporting	3.4	2015-01-04	Create a Maven plugin descriptor for any mojos found in the source tree, to include in the JAR.
release	Build	2.5.3	2015-10-17	Release the current project - updating the POM and tagging in the SCM.
remote-resources	Build	1.5	2013-08-14	Copy remote resources to the output directory for inclusion in the artifact.
repository	Build	2.4	2015-02-22	Plugin to help with repository-based tasks.
scm	Build	1.9.4	2015-04-01	Execute SCM commands for the current project.
scm-publish	Build	1.1	2014-05-18	Publish your Maven website to a scm location.
stage	Build	1.0	2015-03-03	Assists with release staging and promotion.
toolchains	Build	1.1	2014-11-12	Allows to share configuration across plugins.

补充：Apache Maven项目中已经过时不用的插件

名称	类型	版本	过时的时间	备注
eclipse	Build	2.10	2015-10-07	Generate an Eclipse project files for the current project.
idea	Build	2.2.1	2013-07-26	Create/update an IDEA workspace for the current project (individual modules are created as IDEA modules)
one	Build	1.3	2013-07-30	A plugin for interacting with legacy Maven 1.x repositories and builds.
reactor	Build	1.1	2014-03-24	Build a subset of interdependent projects in a reactor (Maven 2 only).

除了Apache Maven项目提供的Maven插件之外，其他组织或公司也可以开发并发布Maven插件，如Apache Tomcat项目提供的Apache Tomat插件等。

对于常用的Maven插件，我们将在后续的文章中陆续介绍。

参考文献：

http://maven.apache.org/plugins/index.html