C++学习之标准库泛型算法_STL算法

参见http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/std/

标准库中的算法主要在algorithm、numeric两个头文件，注意有些是只能在C++11下使用，比如all_of,any_of。还有就是标准库算法的参数在C98下是需要程序员来确保正确的比如：

template <class OutputIterator, class Size, class T>
OutputIterator fill_n (OutputIterator first, Size n, const T& val)

的参数n为非负，还有一些算法的迭代器范围的有效性也需要确保正确，否则会引起未定义的行为。

下面列出这两个头文件中的函数名和功能简介，具体算法模板的实现、复杂度、实例请参考上面的链接。

Functions in <algorithm>

Non-modifying sequence operations:

all_of 

Test condition on all elements in range  (function template )

any_of 

Test if any element in range fulfills condition  (function template )

none_of 

Test if no elements fulfill condition  (function template )

for_each

Apply function to range  (function template )

find

Find value in range  (function template )

find_if

Find element in range  (function template )

find_if_not 

Find element in range (negative condition)  (function template )

find_end

Find last subsequence in range  (function template )

find_first_of

Find element from set in range  (function template )

adjacent_find

Find equal adjacent elements in range  (function template )

count

Count appearances of value in range  (function template )

count_if

Return number of elements in range satisfying condition  (function template )

mismatch

Return first position where two ranges differ  (function template )

equal

Test whether the elements in two ranges are equal  (function template )

is_permutation 

Test whether range is permutation of another  (function template )

search

Search range for subsequence  (function template )

search_n

Search range for elements  (function template )

Modifying sequence operations :

copy

Copy range of elements  (function template )

copy_n 

Copy elements  (function template )

copy_if 

Copy certain elements of range  (function template )

copy_backward

Copy range of elements backward  (function template )

move 

Move range of elements  (function template )

move_backward 

Move range of elements backward  (function template )

swap

Exchange values of two objects  (function template )

swap_ranges

Exchange values of two ranges  (function template )

iter_swap

Exchange values of objects pointed by two iterators  (function template )

transform

Transform range  (function template )

replace

Replace value in range  (function template )

replace_if

Replace values in range  (function template )

replace_copy

Copy range replacing value  (function template )

replace_copy_if

Copy range replacing value  (function template )

fill

Fill range with value  (function template )

fill_n

Fill sequence with value  (function template )

generate

Generate values for range with function  (function template )

generate_n

Generate values for sequence with function  (function template )

remove

Remove value from range  (function template )

remove_if

Remove elements from range  (function template )

remove_copy

Copy range removing value  (function template )

remove_copy_if

Copy range removing values  (function template )

unique

Remove consecutive duplicates in range  (function template )

unique_copy

Copy range removing duplicates  (function template )

reverse

Reverse range  (function template )

reverse_copy

Copy range reversed  (function template )

rotate

Rotate left the elements in range  (function template )

rotate_copy

Copy range rotated left  (function template )

random_shuffle

Randomly rearrange elements in range  (function template )

shuffle 

Randomly rearrange elements in range using generator  (function template )

Partitions :

is_partitioned 

Test whether range is partitioned  (function template )

partition

Partition range in two  (function template )

stable_partition

Partition range in two - stable ordering  (function template )

partition_copy 

Partition range into two  (function template )

partition_point 

Get partition point  (function template )

Sorting :

sort

Sort elements in range  (function template )

stable_sort

Sort elements preserving order of equivalents  (function template )

partial_sort

Partially sort elements in range  (function template )

partial_sort_copy

Copy and partially sort range  (function template )

is_sorted 

Check whether range is sorted  (function template )

is_sorted_until 

Find first unsorted element in range  (function template )

nth_element

Sort element in range  (function template )

Binary search  (operating on partitioned/sorted ranges):

lower_bound

Return iterator to lower bound  (function template )

upper_bound

Return iterator to upper bound  (function template )

equal_range

Get subrange of equal elements  (function template )

binary_search

Test if value exists in sorted sequence  (function template )

Merge  (operating on sorted ranges):

merge

Merge sorted ranges  (function template )

inplace_merge

Merge consecutive sorted ranges  (function template )

includes

Test whether sorted range includes another sorted range  (function template )

set_union

Union of two sorted ranges  (function template )

set_intersection

Intersection of two sorted ranges  (function template )

set_difference

Difference of two sorted ranges  (function template )

set_symmetric_difference

Symmetric difference of two sorted ranges  (function template )

Heap :

push_heap

Push element into heap range  (function template )

pop_heap

Pop element from heap range  (function template )

make_heap

Make heap from range  (function template )

sort_heap

Sort elements of heap  (function template )

is_heap 

Test if range is heap  (function template )

is_heap_until 

Find first element not in heap order  (function template )

Min/max :

min

Return the smallest  (function template )

max

Return the largest  (function template )

minmax 

Return smallest and largest elements  (function template )

min_element

Return smallest element in range  (function template )

max_element

Return largest element in range  (function template )

minmax_element 

Return smallest and largest elements in range  (function template )

Other :

lexicographical_compare

Lexicographical less-than comparison  (function template )

next_permutation

Transform range to next permutation  (function template )

prev_permutation

Transform range to previous permutation  (function template )

Functions in <numeric>

accumulate

Accumulate values in range  (function template )

adjacent_difference

Compute adjacent difference of range  (function template )

inner_product

Compute cumulative inner product of range  (function template )

partial_sum

Compute partial sums of range  (function template )

iota 

Store increasing sequence  (function template )