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D3D绘制字体

1.ID3DXFont绘制字体(用GDI支持中文，用FreeType得到的中文字体效果更佳)

ID3DXFont简单的设置字体

ID3DXFont是基于GDI接口的字体绘制，绘制速度比较慢，但是能够处理复杂的字体设置和格式。图形应用程序底层都是使用GDI或DirectX或者Opengl图形图像库来绘制字体，图形图像，模型，视频动画的。

关键是 D3DXFONT_DESCA结构体的设置， D3DXCreateFontIndirect获取ID3DXFont接口对象；或者D3DXCreateFont直接创建ID3DXFont接口对象。

ID3DXFont的绘制字体函数DrawText根据传入字体或者纹理直接绘制出来。
（DrawText时候可以用ID3DXSprite m_pSprite也可以不用传NULL，如果用m_pSprite那么需要m_pSprite调用：

m_pSprite ->Begin( D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND | D3DXSPRITE_SORT_TEXTURE );

DrawText绘制字体；

m_pSprite->End();）

// 用ID3DXFont绘制字体

IDirect3DDevice9* Device = 0;

const int Width = 640;

const int Height = 480;

ID3DXFont* Font = 0;

DWORD FrameCnt = 0;

float TimeElapsed = 0;

float FPS = 0;

char FPSString[32];

ID3DXSprite *m_pSprite = NULL;

// Framework functions

bool Setup()

{

D3DXFONT_DESCA fontDesc;

ZeroMemory(&fontDesc, sizeof(D3DXFONT_DESCA));

fontDesc.Height = 25;

fontDesc.Width = 12;

fontDesc.Weight = 500;

fontDesc.MipLevels = D3DX_DEFAULT;

fontDesc.Italic = FALSE;

fontDesc.CharSet = DEFAULT_CHARSET;

fontDesc.OutputPrecision = 0;

fontDesc.Quality = 0;

fontDesc.PitchAndFamily = 0;

strcpy_s(fontDesc.FaceName, "Times New Roman");

//D3DXCreateFont(Device, ...arg1 as D3DXFONT_DESCA , &Font);

if(FAILED(D3DXCreateFontIndirect(Device, &fontDesc, &Font)))

{

::MessageBox(0, "D3DXCreateFontIndirect() - FAILED", 0, 0);

::PostQuitMessage(0);

}

// m_pSprite具体作用需要更深入研究，应该是来自于freeType这样的字体库

if(FAILED(D3DXCreateSprite(Device, &m_pSprite)))

{

return false;

}

return true;

}

void Cleanup()

{

d3d::Release<ID3DXFont*>(Font);

d3d::Release<ID3DXSprite*>(m_pSprite);

}

bool Display(float timeDelta)

{

if( Device )

{

// Update: Compute the frames per second.

FrameCnt++;

TimeElapsed += timeDelta;

if(TimeElapsed >= 1.0f)

{

FPS = (float)FrameCnt / TimeElapsed;

sprintf(FPSString, "FPS:%1.2f", FPS);

FPSString[31] = '\0'; // mark end of string

TimeElapsed = 0.0f;

FrameCnt = 0;

}

// Render

Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0xffffffff, 1.0f, 0);

Device->BeginScene();

RECT rect = {Width/2 - 60, Height/2 -6, Width, Height};

m_pSprite->Begin( D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND | D3DXSPRITE_SORT_TEXTURE );

// m_pSprite为空直接根据D3DXFONT_DESCA描述的字体库绘制字体，

// 如果m_pSprite非空，那么使用m_pSprite指向的纹理进行绘制。

Font->DrawText(

/*NULL*/m_pSprite,

FPSString,

-1, // size of string or -1 indicates null terminating string

&rect, // rectangle text is to be formatted to in windows coords

DT_TOP | DT_LEFT, // draw in the top left corner of the viewport

0xff000000); // black text

m_pSprite->End();

Device->EndScene();

Device->Present(0, 0, 0, 0);

}

return true;

}

复杂的使用ID3DXSprite和FreeType字库字模得到字体纹理来绘制字体

使用FreeType字库，可以用：

LPD3DXSPRITE m_pSprite; // 字体精灵，可以直接绘制字体

LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 m_pTex；// 获取纹理，从FreeType字模得到的纹理

// 得到字模，然后根据字模填充纹理

FT_Init_FreeType(&m_FT);

FT_New_Face(pFont->m_FT, pFilename, 0, &m_Face);

FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes(m_Face, 0, dwSize);

FT_Face Face = pFace->m_Face;

FT_GlyphSlot Glyph = Face->glyph;

FT_Load_Char(Face, dwChar, FT_LOAD_RENDER)；

FT_GlyphSlot Glyph = Face->glyph;

// 没有查询到填充纹理

hash_map<__int64, CChar*>::iterator it = m_Chars.find(nKey);

if(it == m_Chars.end())

{

CreateTexture(nWidth, nHeight, nLevels, dwUsage, Format, Pool, &m_pTex, 0)；

D3DLOCKED_RECT LockedRect;

pTexture->m_pTex->LockRect(0, &LockedRect, &Rect, 0);

if(Glyph->bitmap.pixel_mode == FT_PIXEL_MODE_MONO)

{

for(int y = 0; y < hgt; y++)

{

for(int x = 0; x < wid; x++)

{

BYTE byValue = (Glyph->bitmap.buffer[y * Glyph->bitmap.pitch + x / 8] >> (7 - (x % 8))) & 1;

((DWORD*)LockedRect.pBits)[y * LockedRect.Pitch + x] = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(

byValue * 255,

255,

255);

bColor |= byValue > 0;

}

// 存放得到的字模纹理

hash_map<__int64, CChar*> m_Chars;

m_Chars[nKey] = pChar;

}

// 绘制字体

m_pSprite->Draw(

pChar->m_pTexture->m_pTex,

&rt,

NULL,

&VtPos,

Color);

2.CD3DFont自封装用D3D绘制三角形纹理方式实现简单字体的绘制(不支持中文)

用D3D创建纹理，然后用GDI字符位图填充ASCII32-126字符的纹理坐标系和纹理，将纹理坐标赋值给字体顶点，然后通过绘制三角形顶点方式来将字体绘制出来。因为绘制的字体不能支持更多的字体库和设置字体的风格样式，所以尽管运行速度比较快，但是用得还是比较少。

且不支持非ASCII字符，所以实际游戏中应用少。

m_strFontName是字体类型，例如"Times New Roman"：

// 得到字体库对象

HFONT hFont = CreateFont( nHeight, 0, 0, 0, dwBold, dwItalic,

FALSE, FALSE, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS,

CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS, ANTIALIASED_QUALITY,

VARIABLE_PITCH, m_strFontName );

// 创建纹理

hr = m_pd3dDevi

ce->CreateTexture( m_dwTexWidth, m_dwTexHeight, 1,

0, D3DFMT_A4R4G4B4,

D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &m_pTexture, 0 );

// 将字体点阵坐标填充到纹理坐标m_fTexCoords中和纹理m_pTexture中

DWORD x = 0;

DWORD y = 0;

TCHAR str[2] = _T("x");

SIZE size;

for( TCHAR c=32; c<127; c++ )

{

str[0] = c;

// str将会获得ASCII中的字体，32位到126位的字符

// 通过GetTextExtentPoint32得到size的大小，从而进行x,y的增加

GetTextExtentPoint32( hDC, str, 1, &size );

// y纹理坐标位置改变

if( (DWORD)(x+size.cx+1) > m_dwTexWidth )

{

x = 0;

y += size.cy+1;

}

ExtTextOut( hDC, x+0, y+0, ETO_OPAQUE, NULL, str, 1, NULL );

// 将GDI中纹理坐标位置赋值给m_fTexCoords，其中一维是字符，二维是每个字符的两个三角形的顶点

m_fTexCoords[c-32][0] = ((FLOAT)(x+0))/m_dwTexWidth;

m_fTexCoords[c-32][1] = ((FLOAT)(y+0))/m_dwTexHeight;

m_fTexCoords[c-32][2] = ((FLOAT)(x+0+size.cx))/m_dwTexWidth;

m_fTexCoords[c-32][3] = ((FLOAT)(y+0+size.cy))/m_dwTexHeight;

// x纹理坐标位置改变

x += size.cx+1;

}

// 将简单的坐标纹理Alpha值写人纹理中

// Lock the surface and write the alpha values for the set pixels

D3DLOCKED_RECT d3dlr;

m_pTexture->LockRect( 0, &d3dlr, 0, 0 );

BYTE* pDstRow = (BYTE*)d3dlr.pBits;

WORD* pDst16;

BYTE bAlpha; // 4-bit measure of pixel intensity

for( y=0; y < m_dwTexHeight; y++ )

{

pDst16 = (WORD*)pDstRow;

for( x=0; x < m_dwTexWidth; x++ )

{

// bAlpha 为像素中的R1R2G1G2B1B2A1A2中的A1

bAlpha = (BYTE)((pBitmapBits[m_dwTexWidth*y + x] & 0xff) >> 4);

if (bAlpha > 0)

{

// bA1pha<<12是将A1左移12位得到0102 0102 A102 0102 截取后面16位也就是得到：A102 0102

// 得到16位的alpha值

*pDst16++ = (bAlpha << 12) | 0x0fff;

}

else

{

*pDst16++ = 0x0000;

}

pDstRow += d3dlr.Pitch;

}

// Done updating texture, so clean up used objects

m_pTexture->UnlockRect(0);

DeleteObject( hbmBitmap );

//从m_fTexCoords写入顶点UV坐标系中，并且为DX设置纹理m_pTexture

FONT2DVERTEX* pVertices = NULL;

DWORD dwNumTriangles = 0;

m_pVB->Lock( 0, 0, (void**)&pVertices, D3DLOCK_DISCARD );

while( *strText )

{

TCHAR c = *strText++;

if( c == _T('\n') )

{

sx = fStartX;

sy += (m_fTexCoords[0][3]-m_fTexCoords[0][1])*m_dwTexHeight;

}

if( (c-32) < 0 || (c-32) >= 128-32 )

continue;

FLOAT tx1 = m_fTexCoords[c-32][0];

FLOAT ty1 = m_fTexCoords[c-32][1];

FLOAT tx2 = m_fTexCoords[c-32][2];

FLOAT ty2 = m_fTexCoords[c-32][3];

FLOAT w = (tx2-tx1) * m_dwTexWidth / m_fTextScale;

FLOAT h = (ty2-ty1) * m_dwTexHeight / m_fTextScale;

if( c != _T(' ') )

{

*pVertices++ = InitFont2DVertex( D3DXVECTOR4(sx+0-0.5f,sy+h-0.5f,0.9f,1.0f), dwColor, tx1, ty2 );

*pVertices++ = InitFont2DVertex( D3DXVECTOR4(sx+0-0.5f,sy+0-0.5f,0.9f,1.0f), dwColor, tx1, ty1 );

*pVertices++ = InitFont2DVertex( D3DXVECTOR4(sx+w-0.5f,sy+h-0.5f,0.9f,1.0f), dwColor, tx2, ty2 );

*pVertices++ = InitFont2DVertex( D3DXVECTOR4(sx+w-0.5f,sy+0-0.5f,0.9f,1.0f), dwColor, tx2, ty1 );

*pVertices++ = InitFont2DVertex( D3DXVECTOR4(sx+w-0.5f,sy+h-0.5f,0.9f,1.0f), dwColor, tx2, ty2 );

*pVertices++ = InitFont2DVertex( D3DXVECTOR4(sx+0-0.5f,sy+0-0.5f,0.9f,1.0f), dwColor, tx1, ty1 );

dwNumTriangles += 2;

if( dwNumTriangles*3 > (MAX_NUM_VERTICES-6) )

{

// Unlock, render, and relock the vertex buffer

m_pVB->Unlock();

m_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, dwNumTriangles );

pVertices = NULL;

m_pVB->Lock( 0, 0, (void**)&pVertices, D3DLOCK_DISCARD );

dwNumTriangles = 0L;

}

sx += w;

}

m_pd3dDevice->SetTexture( 0, m_pTexture );

// 通过绘制顶点三角形来绘制字体

m_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, m_pVB, 0, sizeof(FONT2DVERTEX) );

if( dwNumTriangles > 0 )

m_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, dwNumTriangles );

3.用D3DXCreateText创建网格来渲染字体（不支持中文 )

用GDI获取设备句柄：

HDC hdc = CreateCompatibleDC( 0 );

HFONT hFont;

HFONT hFontOld;

用GDI设计字体风格：

LOGFONT lf;

ZeroMemory(&lf, sizeof(LOGFONT));

lf.lfHeight = 25; // in logical units

lf.lfWidth = 12; // in logical units

lf.lfEscapement = 0;

lf.lfOrientation = 0;

lf.lfWeight = 500; // boldness, range 0(light) - 1000(bold)

lf.lfItalic = false;

lf.lfUnderline = false;

lf.lfStrikeOut = false;

lf.lfCharSet = DEFAULT_CHARSET;

lf.lfOutPrecision = 0;

lf.lfClipPrecision = 0;

lf.lfQuality = 0;

lf.lfPitchAndFamily = 0;

strcpy(lf.lfFaceName, "Times New Roman"); // font style

创建和选择字体句柄：

hFont = CreateFontIndirect(&lf);

// 先保存之前的HFONT,用新的字体对象绘制完后，将对象设置回去

hFontOld = (HFONT)SelectObject(hdc, hFont);

创建字体网格：

D3DXCreateText(Device, hdc, "Why Only Eng"/*"Direct3D"*/,

0.001f, 0.4f, &Text, 0, 0);

SelectObject(hdc, hFontOld);

DeleteObject( hFont );

DeleteDC( hdc );

设置灯光：

D3DXVECTOR3 dir(0.0f, -0.5f, 1.0f);

D3DXCOLOR col = d3d::WHITE;

D3DLIGHT9 light = d3d::InitDirectionalLight(&dir, &col);

Device->SetLight(0, &light);

Device->LightEnable(0, true);

Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_NORMALIZENORMALS, true);

Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SPECULARENABLE, true);

// 绘制网格

Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0x00000000, 1.0f, 0);