Nginx+PHP

Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.10（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第5版）[原创]

[ 2009-5-6 13:40 | by 张宴 ]

[文章作者：张宴 本文版本：v5.5 最后修改：2009.09.18 转载请注明原文链接：http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v5/]
   前言：本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx + PHP（FastCGI）”Web服务器的第5篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍 Nginx + PHP 安装、配置、使用的资料之一，为推动 Nginx 在国内的发展产生了积极的作用。这是一篇关于Nginx 0.7.x系列版本的文章，安装、配置方式与第4篇文章相差不大，但增加了MySQL安装配置的信息、PHP 5.2.10 的 php-fpm 补丁。Nginx 0.7.x系列版本虽然为开发版，但在很多大型网站的生产环境中已经使用。
链接：《2007年9月的第1版》、《2007年12月的第2版》、《2008年6月的第3版》、《2008年8月的第4版》

Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。
Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性，使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多，其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、网易新闻等门户网站频道，六间房、56.com等视频分享网站，Discuz!官方论坛、水木社区等知名论坛，豆瓣、YUPOO相册、海内SNS、迅雷在线等新兴Web 2.0网站。

Nginx 的官方中文维基：http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxChs

在高并发连接的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果，Nginx 0.8.15 + PHP 5.2.10 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数，相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。
   根据我的经验，4GB内存的服务器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能处理3000个并发连接，因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存，还得为系统 预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器，因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000，当Apache并发连接数达到3800 时，导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。
而这台 Nginx 0.8.15 + PHP 5.2.10 (FastCGI) 服务器在3万并发连接下，开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存（15M*10=150M），开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存 （20M*64=1280M），加上系统自身消耗的内存，总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小，完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程，这样 php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。
在3万并发连接下，访问Nginx 0.8.15 + PHP 5.2.10 (FastCGI) 服务器的PHP程序，仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面，显示的活动连接数为28457（关于Nginx的监控页配置，会在本文接下来所给出 的Nginx配置文件中写明）：

我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器，跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序，单台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”，相当于每天可以承受6000万（700*60*60*24=60480000）的访问量（更多信息见此），而服务器的系统负载也不高：

2009年9月3日下午2：30，金山游戏《剑侠情缘网络版叁》临时维护1小时（http://kefu.xoyo.com/gonggao/jx3/2009-09-03/750438.shtml），大量玩家上官网，论坛、评论、客服等动态应用Nginx服务器集群，每台服务器的Nginx活动连接数达到2.8万，这是笔者遇到的Nginx生产环境最高并发值。

下面是用100个并发连接分别去压生产环境中同一负载均衡器VIP下、提供相同服务的两台服务器，一台为Nginx，另一台为Apache，Nginx每秒处理的请求数是Apache的两倍多，Nginx服务器的系统负载、CPU使用率远低于Apache：
   你可以将连接数开到10000～30000，去压Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php，这是用浏览器访问Nginx上的 phpinfo.php一切正常，而访问Apache服务器的phpinfo.php，则是该页无法显示。4G内存的服务器，即使再优化，Apache也 很难在“webbench -c 30000 -t 60 http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/phpinfo.php”的压力情况下正常访问，而调整参数优化后的Nginx可以。
webbench 下载地址：http://blog.s135.com/post/288/
注意：webbench 做压力测试时，该软件自身也会消耗CPU和内存资源，为了测试准确，请将 webbench 安装在别的服务器上。
测试结果：##### Nginx + PHP #####

引用

[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
100 clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=102450 pages/min, 16490596 bytes/sec.
Requests: 51225 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:13 up 27 days,  2:25,  2 users,  load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51
Tasks: 287 total,   4 running, 283 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
Cpu(s): 49.9% us,  6.7% sy,  0.0% ni, 41.4% id,  1.1% wa,  0.1% hi,  0.8% si
Mem:   6230016k total,  2959468k used,  3270548k free,   635992k buffers
Swap:  2031608k total,     3696k used,  2027912k free,  1231444k cached

测试结果：#####  Apache + PHP #####

引用

[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
100 clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=42184 pages/min, 31512914 bytes/sec.
Requests: 21092 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:20 up 27 days,  2:13,  2 users,  load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42
Tasks: 318 total,   7 running, 310 sleeping,   0 stopped,   1 zombie
Cpu(s): 80.4% us, 10.6% sy,  0.0% ni,  7.9% id,  0.1% wa,  0.1% hi,  0.9% si
Mem:   6230016k total,  3075948k used,  3154068k free,   379896k buffers
Swap:  2031608k total,    12592k used,  2019016k free,  1117868k cached

   为什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多？这得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll（Linux 2.6内核）和kqueue（freebsd）网络I/O模型，而Apache则使用的是传统的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高并发访问的 Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll网络I/O模型。
处理大量的连接的读写，Apache所采用的select网络I/O模型非常低效。下面用一个比喻来解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型进行之间的区别：
   假设你在大学读书，住的宿舍楼有很多间房间，你的朋友要来找你。select版宿管大妈就会带着你的朋友挨个房间去找，直到找到你为止。而epoll版 宿管大妈会先记下每位同学的房间号，你的朋友来时，只需告诉你的朋友你住在哪个房间即可，不用亲自带着你的朋友满大楼找人。如果来了10000个人，都要 找自己住这栋楼的同学时，select版和epoll版宿管大妈，谁的效率更高，不言自明。同理，在高并发服务器中，轮询I/O是最耗时间的操作之 一，select和epoll的性能谁的性能更高，同样十分明了。

以下是适合766安装规范的安装步骤

安装步骤：
（系统要求：Linux 2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为RHEL 5.3，另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功）

一、获取相关开源程序：
1、【适用CentOS操作系统】利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：

sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

2、【适用RedHat操作系统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包（事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安装）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包 安装，以下是RPM包下载网址：
①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/
③、RPM包搜索网站
http://rpm.pbone.net/
http://www.rpmfind.net/
④、RedHat AS4 系统环境，通常情况下缺少的支持包安装：
Ⅰ、i386 系统

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm

Ⅱ、x86_64 系统

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm

3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包：
本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2009年09月18日的最新稳定版。
①、从软件的官方网站下载：

mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.15.tar.gz
wget http://museum.php.net/php5/php-5.2.10.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz
wget ftp://mirror2.dataphone.se/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.40.tar.gz
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.9.tar.gz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.2.2.tgz

②、从blog.s135.com下载（比较稳定，只允许在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件）：

mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.15.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.10.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.1.38.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-7.9.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.2.2.tgz

二、安装PHP 5.2.10（FastCGI模式）
1、编译安装PHP 5.2.10所需的支持库：

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz -C ../software
cd ../software/libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../../tarbag
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz -C ../software
cd ../software/libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../../tarbag
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz -C ../software
cd ../software/mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../../tarbag
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz -C ../software
cd ../software/mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../../tarbag

2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.38

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.38.tar.gz -C ../software
cd ../software/mysql-5.1.38/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase --with-partition
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
cd ../../tarbag

附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录

mkdir -p /mydata/
chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata

②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/mydata --user=mysql

③、创建my.cnf配置文件：

vi /etc/my.cnf

输入以下内容：

引用

[client]
default-character-set = utf8
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
prompt="(/u:blog.s135.com:)[/d]> "
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
#default-character-set = utf8
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mydata
open_files_limit    = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 300
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default_table_type = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 1
log_long_format
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
skip-name-resolve
master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：

vi /mydata/mysql

输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：

view plainprint?

1 #!/bin/sh 

2

3 mysql_port=3306 

4 mysql_username="admin" 

5 mysql_password="12345678" 

6

7 function_start_mysql() 

8 { 

9     printf "Starting MySQL.../n" 

10     /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null & 

11 } 

12

13 function_stop_mysql() 

14 { 

15     printf "Stoping MySQL.../n" 

16     /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown 

17 } 

18

19 function_restart_mysql() 

20 { 

21     printf "Restarting MySQL.../n" 

22     function_stop_mysql 

23     sleep 5 

24     function_start_mysql 

25 } 

26

27 function_kill_mysql() 

28 { 

29     kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}') 

30     kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}') 

31 } 

32

33 if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then 

34     function_start_mysql 

35 elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then 

36     function_stop_mysql 

37 elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then 

38 function_restart_mysql 

39 elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then 

40 function_kill_mysql 

41 else 

42     printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}/n" 

43 fi 

⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：

chmod +x /mydata/mysql

⑥、启动MySQL：

/mydata/mysql start

⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock

⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';

⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：

/mydata/mysql stop

3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）

tar zxvf php-5.2.10.tar.gz -C ../software
gzip -cd php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz | patch -d ../software/php-5.2.10 -p1
cd ../software/php-5.2.10/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

ln -s /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini /etc/php.ini

cd /usr/local/php
cd /usr/local/src/tarbag
curl http://pear.php.net/go-pear | /usr/local/php/bin/php

4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz -C ../software
cd ../software/memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../../tarbag
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2 -C ../software
cd ../software/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../../tarbag
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz -C ../software
cd ../software/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
cd ../../tarbag
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz -C ../software
cd ../software/ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../../tarbag
tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz -C ../software
cd ../software/imagick-2.2.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../../tarbag

5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On
自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"/nextension = "memcache.so"/nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"/nextension = "imagick.so"/n#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

引用

[eaccelerator]

zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"

eaccelerator.shm_size="64"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

eaccelerator.compress="1"

eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.766.com和www.766.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /www/blog
chmod +w /www/blog
chown -R www:www /www/blog
mkdir -p /www/www
chmod +w /www/www
chown -R www:www /www/www

8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

   输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的 0 改为 1 ，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：

view plainprint?

44  

45  

46

47   All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix 

48

49  

 

50

51     Pid file 

52     /usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid  

53

54     Error log file 

55     /usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.log  

56

57     Log level 

58     notice  

59

60     When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ... 

61     10  

62

63     ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated. 

64     Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory. 

65     1m  

66

67     Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master 

68     5s  

69

70     Set to 'no' to debug fpm 

71     yes  

72

73    

74

75    

76

77    

 

78

79       Name of pool. Used in logs and stats. 

80       default  

81

82       Address to accept fastcgi requests on. 

83       Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket' 

84       127.0.0.1:9000  

85

86        

87

88         Set listen(2) backlog 

89         -1  

90

91         Set permissions for unix socket, if one used. 

92         In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server. 

93         Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. 

94          

95          

96         0666  

97        

98

99       Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. 

100        

101         /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i  

102         1  

103        

104

105       Unix user of processes 

106         www  

107

108       Unix group of processes 

109         www  

110

111       Process manager settings 

112        

113

114         Sets style of controling worker process count. 

115         Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like' 

116         static  

117

118         Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served. 

119         Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive. 

120         Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi 

121         Used with any pm_style. 

122         128  

123

124         Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style 

125          

126

127           Sets the number of server processes created on startup. 

128           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected 

129           20  

130

131           Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes. 

132           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected 

133           5  

134

135           Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes. 

136           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected 

137           35  

138

139          

140

141        

142

143       The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated 

144       Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason 

145       '0s' means 'off' 

146       0s  

147

148       The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file 

149       '0s' means 'off' 

150       0s  

151

152       The log file for slow requests 

153       logs/slow.log  

154

155       Set open file desc rlimit 

156       65535  

157

158       Set max core size rlimit 

159       0  

160

161       Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path 

162        

163

164       Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path 

165        

166

167       Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log. 

168       If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs 

169       yes  

170

171       How much requests each process should execute before respawn. 

172       Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. 

173       For endless request processing please specify 0 

174       Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS 

175       102400  

176

177       Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect. 

178       Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+) 

179       Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket. 

180       127.0.0.1  

181

182       Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH 

183       All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment 

184        

185         $HOSTNAME  

186         /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin  

187         /tmp  

188         /tmp  

189         /tmp  

190         $OSTYPE  

191         $MACHTYPE  

192         2  

193        

194

195      

196

197    

198

199  

9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start

   注：/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包 括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件 使用reload。

三、安装Nginx 0.8.15
1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：

cd /usr/local/src/tarbag

tar zxvf pcre-7.9.tar.gz -C ../software
cd ../software/pcre-7.9/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../../tarbag

2、安装Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-0.8.15.tar.gz -C ../software
cd ../software/nginx-0.8.15/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../../tarbag

3、创建Nginx日志目录

mkdir -p /www/nginx/logs
chmod +w /www/nginx/logs
chown -R www:www /www/nginx/logs

4、创建Nginx配置文件
在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

输入以下内容：

引用

user  www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log  /www/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;

pid        /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 65535;

}

http

{

include       mime.types;

default_type  application/octet-stream;

#charset  gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_header_buffer_size 32k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush     on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length  1k;

gzip_buffers     4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.0;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '  '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

log_format  wwwlogs  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '  '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

include  vhosts.conf

}

在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建vhosts.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts.conf

#limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

server

{

listen       80;

server_name  blog.766.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root  /www/blog;

#limit_conn   crawler  20;

location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

        location ~ .*/.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

{

expires      30d;

}

location ~ .*/.(js|css)?$

{

expires      1h;

}

access_log  /www/nginx/logs/access.log  access;

}

server

{

listen       80;

server_name  www.766.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root  /www/www;

location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$

{           

#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

access_log  /www/nginx/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;

}

server

{

listen  80;

server_name  status.blog.766.com;

location /

{

stub_status on;

access_log   off;   

} 

}

在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

输入以下内容：

引用

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;

fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;

fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;

fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;

fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;

fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirectfastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

5、启动Nginx

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

vi /etc/rc.local

在末尾增加以下内容：

引用

ulimit -SHn 65535

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

五、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下内容：

引用

# Add

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536

net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768

net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024  65535
使配置立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p

六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
2、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：

ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
6302
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：

kill -HUP 6302

或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`

七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
1、创建脚本/usr/local/scripts/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/scripts/cut_nginx_log.sh

输入以下内容：

引用

#!/bin/bash

# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path

logs_path="/www/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log

kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`

2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e

输入以下内容：

引用

00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/scripts/cut_nginx_log.sh

本文若有小的修改，会第一时间在以下网址发布：
http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v5/