GCC4.7编译记录

http://blog.csdn.net/gengshenghong/article/details/7498085

说明：

GCC4.7前段时间release了，这里记录一下编译GCC4.7的过程，以供查阅。

依赖：

编译GCC除了一些基本的编译工具如make、gcc等GNU工具之外，还有几个基本的依赖库：mpc,mpfr,gmp。如果没有安装这三个库，那么configure无法通过。可以通过apt-get的方式安装，但是更好的方式是自己编译，如果没有安装configure失败的时候就会提示你去哪里下载它们。下载后编译即可，然后对要编译的gcc在configure的时候通过--with-xxx告知。除了这三个库，还有ppl、cloog等库是可选的，没有也能成功编译gcc，当然，它们有它们特定的一些特性了，这里就不探讨了。

GCC下载：

（1）svn

http://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/

通过svn下载，可以下载到很多分支，以及下载到最新的代码。

（2）mirrors：

http://gcc.gnu.org/mirrors.html

通过镜像下载，一般只有一些主要的releases。不会有分支的源码或者最新的源码。

下面的内容就是通过镜像下载的发布版的GCC4.7.0（gcc-4.7.0.tar.gz）的源码编译的过程。

（3）git

http://gcc.gnu.org/git/?p=gcc.git;a=summary (http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GitMirror)

其实也是mirrors，通过git的形式。这里的代码基本和svn都是对应的，所以也能下载到分支的代码和最新的代码。

总之，下载的方式很多，在gcc官网http://gcc.gnu.org/右边找找就知道了，之所以提到这些下载方式，是考虑到每个人环境不一样，网速不一样，可以根据需要选择。

说明：svn下载需要使用svn软件，mirrors和git可以直接通过浏览器下载，git也可以通过软件下载。

建议：编译较新的GCC的时候，尽量使用较新的64bit的系统去编译。这样一次成功的可能性更大。

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在ubuntu上编译gcc会到的问题及解决方法

下面是我在编译GCC4.7的时候的笔记，笔记绝对真实，从一个全新的系统开始每一步都记录了，所以只要你使用相同的环境，理论上应该可以成功。

How to build gcc in Ubuntu 12.04.txt

#################################### Notes
These are my notes about how to build gcc in ubuntu 12.04.

GCC version: 4.7.0 release

OS Enviroment:
    64bit Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Beta 2, installed in vbox    -> 'ubuntu-12.04-beta2-desktop-amd64.iso'
    A newly installed clean OS, so it should work for you if you are using same OS.

What I did after install the OS?
    Ok....though it is a newly install OS, i have done following before building gcc:
    (these may not affect gcc build, but i like to do this before using a newly ubuntu....)
        sudo apt-get update 
        sudo apt-get install build-essential
        sudo apt-get install nautilus-open-terminal
        sudo apt-get install binutils
        sudo apt-get install vim
        sudo apt-get install tree
    Install bison:
    (I did this as i know this is a known dependencies to build gcc, without installing bison/flex libraries, you will get some errors while building gcc....)
        sudo apt-get install bison


####################################
1. download
    download from GCC Mirror Sites (http://gcc.gnu.org/mirrors.html)
        -> Use 'http://ftpmirror.gnu.org' to automatically choose a nearby and up-to-date mirror
    Specificly, I downloaded from 'http://ftp.wayne.edu/pub/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.7.0/', package is: 'gcc-4.7.0.tar.gz'.


2. install gmp
    #sudo mkdir -p /opt/gmp-4.3.2
    #tar -jxvf gmp-4.3.2.tar.bz2
    #cd gmp-4.3.2
    #./configure --prefix=/opt/gmp-4.3.2
    #make && make check && sudo make install
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
ISSUE#1 
checking for suitable m4... configure: error: No usable m4 in $PATH or /usr/5bin (see config.log for reasons).
Solution:
#sudo apt-get install m4
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


3. install mpfr
    #sudo mkdir -p /opt/mpfr-2.4.2
    #tar -jxvf mpfr-2.4.2.tar.bz2
    #cd mpfr-2.4.2
    #./configure --prefix=/opt/mpfr-2.4.2 --with-gmp=/opt/gmp-4.3.2
    #make && make check && sudo make install


4. install mpc
    #sudo mkdir -p /opt/mpc-0.8.1
    #tar -zxvf mpc-0.8.1.tar.gz
    #cd mpc-0.8.1
    #./configure --prefix=/opt/mpc-0.8.1 --with-gmp=/opt/gmp-4.3.2 --with-mpfr=/opt/mpfr-2.4.2
    #make && make check && sudo make install


5. build gcc
    #export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/opt/gmp-4.3.2/lib:/opt/mpfr-2.4.2/lib:/opt/mpc-0.8.1/lib
        #note: this setting is needed as while building gcc, it will generate some other binaries and they will need the .so libraries to run to do other tasks for building gcc...
    #sudo mkdir -p /opt/gcc-4.7
    #mkdir gcc_build
    #../gcc-4.7.0/configure --prefix=/opt/gcc-4.7 --with-gmp=/opt/gmp-4.3.2 --with-mpfr=/opt/mpfr-2.4.2 --with-mpc=/opt/mpc-0.8.1
        notes: --disable-multilib
    #make -j8
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
ISSUE#2
    In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:28:0,
                 from ../../../../gcc-4.7.0/libgcc/../gcc/tsystem.h:88,
                 from ../../../../gcc-4.7.0/libgcc/libgcc2.c:29:
    /usr/include/features.h:324:26: fatal error: bits/predefs.h: No such file or directory
    compilation terminated.
    make[5]: *** [_muldi3.o] Error 1
Analysis:
    Use 'locate bits/predefs.h' to find the path of this header. (in '/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu')
Solution:
    #export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu && export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=$C_INCLUDE_PATH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
ISSUE#3
    In file included from /usr/include/features.h:389:0,
                     from /usr/include/stdio.h:28,
                     from ../../../../gcc-4.7.0/libgcc/../gcc/tsystem.h:88,
                     from ../../../../gcc-4.7.0/libgcc/libgcov.c:29:
    /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h:7:27: fatal error: gnu/stubs-32.h: No such file or directory
    compilation terminated.
    make[5]: *** [_gcov.o] Error 1
Analysis:
    Related to libc multilib, disable it with '--disable-multilib' should work.
Solution:
    add '--disable-multilib' and 'configure' again, then run 'make'.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
ISSUE#4
    /usr/bin/ld: cannot find crti.o: No such file or directory
    collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
    make[3]: *** [libgcc_s.so] Error 1
    make[3]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
Analysis:
    Use 'locate crti.o' to find this file. (in '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o') Set LIBRARY_PATH (LDFLAGS)
Solution:
    #export LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
ISSUE#5
    libtool: compile:  /home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc_build/./gcc/xgcc -B/home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc_build/./gcc/ -B/opt/gcc-4.7/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/ -B/opt/gcc-4.7/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/ -isystem /opt/gcc-4.7/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/include -isystem /opt/gcc-4.7/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/sys-include /home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc-4.7.0/libobjc/accessors.m -c -I. -I/home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc-4.7.0/libobjc -g -O2 -W -Wall -Wwrite-strings -Wstrict-prototypes -DIN_GCC -DIN_TARGET_LIBS -fno-strict-aliasing -fexceptions -I/home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc-4.7.0/libobjc/../gcc -I/home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc-4.7.0/libobjc/../gcc/config -I../.././gcc -I/home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc-4.7.0/libobjc/../libgcc -I../libgcc -I/home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc-4.7.0/libobjc/../include -fgnu-runtime  -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/accessors.o
    In file included from /usr/include/string.h:27:0,
                     from /home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc-4.7.0/libobjc/accessors.m:28:
    /usr/include/features.h:324:26: fatal error: bits/predefs.h: No such file or directory
    compilation terminated.
    make[2]: *** [accessors.lo] Error 1
Analysis:
    We have set C_INCLUDE_PATH and CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH, but still get this error? check carefully and it is building an obj-c file, i am building gcc for all language support (including c/c++/fotran/objc/go/java...), so, the only reason should be: the search path var is different for obj-c, by guess, i tried OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH and it works (as i do not have any experience on obj-c, i have to guess)!
Solution:
    #export OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH=$C_INCLUDE_PATH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #make check -> optional


++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
ISSUE#6
    #make check
    make[1]: Entering directory `/home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc_build'
    make[2]: Entering directory `/home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc_build/fixincludes'
    autogen -T ../../gcc-4.7.0/fixincludes/check.tpl ../../gcc-4.7.0/fixincludes/inclhack.def
    /bin/bash: autogen: command not found
    make[2]: *** [check] Error 127
    make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc_build/fixincludes'
    make[1]: *** [check-fixincludes] Error 2
    make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc_build'
    make: *** [do-check] Error 2
Solution:
    #sudo apt-get install autogen
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


    #sudo make install
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
ISSUE#7
    libtool: relink: /home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc_build/./gcc/xgcc -B/home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc_build/./gcc/ -B/opt/gcc-4.7/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/ -B/opt/gcc-4.7/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/ -isystem /opt/gcc-4.7/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/include -isystem /opt/gcc-4.7/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/sys-include    -shared  .libs/backtrace.o .libs/bounds.o .libs/compile_options.o .libs/convert_char.o .libs/environ.o .libs/error.o .libs/fpu.o .libs/main.o .libs/memory.o ..........................................................
    /usr/bin/ld: cannot find crti.o: No such file or directory
    collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
    libtool: install: error: relink `libgfortran.la' with the above command before installing it
    make[4]: *** [install-toolexeclibLTLIBRARIES] Error 1
    make[4]: Leaving directory `/home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc_build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libgfortran'
    make[3]: *** [install-am] Error 2
Analysis:
    /usr/bin/ld: cannot find crti.o: No such file or directory
    Why?? I have already set LIBRARY_PATH!! Is it possible that here it is invoke '/home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc_build/./gcc/xgcc' and this xgcc will not read LIBRARY_PATH? I tried to set GCC_EXEC_PREFIX and also failed to work. Whatever, 'ld' should search '/usr/lib64', so another workaround is to make a link in /usr/lib64 to /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
Solution:
    #sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib64
Note: not only to make link fo crti.o as there are some other crt* files to be used by 'ld', you can also make link one by one.
Note: 'crti.o' is in package 'libgc6-dev', if it is not found in your OS, try to install this package. (for ubuntu, apt-get install)
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
ISSUE#8
    test -z "/opt/gcc-4.7/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.7.0" || /bin/mkdir -p "/opt/gcc-4.7/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.7.0"
    Installing dummy lib libgcj_bc.so.1.0.0
    /home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc_build/./gcc/cc1: error while loading shared libraries: libmpfr.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
    make[5]: *** [install-exec-hook] Error 1
Analysis:
    This is quite an similiar issue with ISSUE#7, both strange!!! I have set LD_LIBRARY_PATH, and also, i tried with "ldd /home/sgeng2/Desktop/gcc_4_7/gcc_build/./gcc/cc1' and it can work, but it will faile while 'make install'! It is crazy!
Solution:
    #sudo ln -s /opt/mpfr-2.4.2/lib/libmpfr.so.1 /usr/lib64/libmpfr.so.1
    #sudo ln -s /opt/gmp-4.3.2/lib/libgmp.so.3 /usr/lib64/libgmp.so.3
    
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    


6. Other useful options you may use to build gcc
    --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,go,java...
    --program-suffix=-4.7
    --with-system-zlib
    --enable-threads=posix  (note: seems this should be default.)
    Suggestion: add '--enable-languages=c,c++' if you only need c/c++ compiler, without this setting, the compiling time may be too long.


7. Create a 'gccvars.sh' file to help setup gcc environment...
    optional but strongly suggested....
# filename: gccvars.sh
# 'source gccvars.sh' to set the environment of gcc
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# filename: gccvars.sh
# 'source gccvars.sh' to set the environment of gcc
export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu:$C_INCLUDE_PATH
export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=$C_INCLUDE_PATH
export OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH=$C_INCLUDE_PATH
export LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu:$LIBRARY_PATH


export GCCDIR=/opt/gcc-4.7
export PATH=$GCCDIR/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$GCCDIR/lib:$GCCDIR/lib64:/opt/gmp-4.3.2/lib:/opt/mpfr-2.4.2/lib:/opt/mpc-0.8.1/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export MANPATH=$GCCDIR/share/man:$MANPATH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


7. Test the built gcc
    It seems no 'go compiler' generated? I can see 'c/c++/fortran/java' compiler. Whatever, ignore this as i am not willing to use go compiler.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// filename: test.cpp
// Program to test the new C++11 lambda syntax
// g++ test.cpp -std=c++11 -o a.out


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


int main() {
    cout << [](int m, int n) { return m + n;} (2,4) << endl;
    return 0;
}
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
! filename: test.f90
! Program to test 'helloworld' of fotran compiler
! gfortran test.f90 -o a.out


program main
print *,'hello world'
end
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++