CodeForces 25D Roads not only in Berland （并查集）

 Roads not only in Berland

time limit per test

2 seconds

memory limit per test

256 megabytes

input

standard input

output

standard output

Berland Government decided to improve relations with neighboring countries. First of all, it was decided to build new roads so that from each city of Berland and neighboring countries it became possible to reach all the others. There are n cities in Berland and neighboring countries in total and exactly n - 1 two-way roads. Because of the recent financial crisis, the Berland Government is strongly pressed for money, so to build a new road it has to close some of the existing ones. Every day it is possible to close one existing road and immediately build a new one. Your task is to determine how many days would be needed to rebuild roads so that from each city it became possible to reach all the others, and to draw a plan of closure of old roads and building of new ones.

Input

The first line contains integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — amount of cities in Berland and neighboring countries. Next n - 1 lines contain the description of roads. Each road is described by two space-separated integers ai, bi (1 ≤ ai, bi ≤ n, ai ≠ bi) — pair of cities, which the road connects. It can't be more than one road between a pair of cities. No road connects the city with itself.

Output

Output the answer, number t — what is the least amount of days needed to rebuild roads so that from each city it became possible to reach all the others. Then output t lines — the plan of closure of old roads and building of new ones. Each line should describe one day in the format i j u v — it means that road between cities i and j became closed and a new road between cities u and v is built. Cities are numbered from 1. If the answer is not unique, output any.

Examples

input

2
1 2

output

0

input

7
1 2
2 3
3 1
4 5
5 6
6 7

output

1
3 1 3 7

有n个点n-1条边，删除某些边再增加某些边使图联通。只用并查集即可，输入边的时候把两个点合并，如果两个点已在一个集合，则删除这条边。然后把所有和1不是一个集合的点连一条向1的边，并合并。

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<queue>
#include<map>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

const int maxn=1000+10;
int n;
int l[1005],r[1005],l1,r1,a[1005],b[1005];
int f[1005];
int fd(int i)
{
    if(f[i]==i) return i;
    return f[i]=fd(f[i]);
}
int main()
{
    int i,j,k,cnt=0;
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++) f[i]=i;
    for(i=1;i<n;i++)
    {
        scanf("%d%d",&l1,&r1);
        int ll=fd(l1),rr=fd(r1);
        if(ll==rr)
        {
            l[++cnt]=l1;r[cnt]=r1;
        }
        else
            f[rr]=ll;
    }
    int now=fd(1),tot=0;
    for(i=2;i<=n;i++)
    {
        if(fd(i)!=now)
        {
            a[++tot]=i;
            b[tot]=1;
            f[fd(i)]=now;
        }
    }
    printf("%d\n",cnt);
    for(i=1;i<=cnt;i++)
    {
        printf("%d %d %d %d\n",l[i],r[i],a[i],b[i]);
    }
    return 0;
}