在前一篇文章——Linux进程间通信——使用匿名管道中,我们看到了如何使用匿名管道来在进程之间传递数据,同时也看到了这个方式的一个缺陷,就是这些进程都由一个共同的祖先进程启动,这给我们在不相关的的进程之间交换数据带来了不方便。这里将会介绍进程的另一种通信方式——命名管道,来解决不相关进程间的通信问题。
#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> int mkfifo(const char *filename, mode_t mode); int mknod(const char *filename, mode_t mode | S_IFIFO, (dev_t)0);
open(const char *path, O_RDONLY);//1 open(const char *path, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);//2 open(const char *path, O_WRONLY);//3 open(const char *path, O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);//4
#include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <limits.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main() { const char *fifo_name = "/tmp/my_fifo"; int pipe_fd = -1; int data_fd = -1; int res = 0; const int open_mode = O_WRONLY; int bytes_sent = 0; char buffer[PIPE_BUF + 1]; if(access(fifo_name, F_OK) == -1) { //管道文件不存在 //创建命名管道 res = mkfifo(fifo_name, 0777); if(res != 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not create fifo %s\n", fifo_name); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } } printf("Process %d opening FIFO O_WRONLY\n", getpid()); //以只写阻塞方式打开FIFO文件,以只读方式打开数据文件 pipe_fd = open(fifo_name, open_mode); data_fd = open("Data.txt", O_RDONLY); printf("Process %d result %d\n", getpid(), pipe_fd); if(pipe_fd != -1) { int bytes_read = 0; //向数据文件读取数据 bytes_read = read(data_fd, buffer, PIPE_BUF); buffer[bytes_read] = '\0'; while(bytes_read > 0) { //向FIFO文件写数据 res = write(pipe_fd, buffer, bytes_read); if(res == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Write error on pipe\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } //累加写的字节数,并继续读取数据 bytes_sent += res; bytes_read = read(data_fd, buffer, PIPE_BUF); buffer[bytes_read] = '\0'; } close(pipe_fd); close(data_fd); } else exit(EXIT_FAILURE); printf("Process %d finished\n", getpid()); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }源文件fiforead.c的代码如下:
#include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <limits.h> #include <string.h> int main() { const char *fifo_name = "/tmp/my_fifo"; int pipe_fd = -1; int data_fd = -1; int res = 0; int open_mode = O_RDONLY; char buffer[PIPE_BUF + 1]; int bytes_read = 0; int bytes_write = 0; //清空缓冲数组 memset(buffer, '\0', sizeof(buffer)); printf("Process %d opening FIFO O_RDONLY\n", getpid()); //以只读阻塞方式打开管道文件,注意与fifowrite.c文件中的FIFO同名 pipe_fd = open(fifo_name, open_mode); //以只写方式创建保存数据的文件 data_fd = open("DataFormFIFO.txt", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0644); printf("Process %d result %d\n",getpid(), pipe_fd); if(pipe_fd != -1) { do { //读取FIFO中的数据,并把它保存在文件DataFormFIFO.txt文件中 res = read(pipe_fd, buffer, PIPE_BUF); bytes_write = write(data_fd, buffer, res); bytes_read += res; }while(res > 0); close(pipe_fd); close(data_fd); } else exit(EXIT_FAILURE); printf("Process %d finished, %d bytes read\n", getpid(), bytes_read); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }