apache2.4 + mod_proxy + tomcat7 配置集群和负载均衡
集群和负载均衡好处自然不用说，概念不理解查百度，这里介绍下怎么利用mod_proxy配置集群和负载均衡。
参考文档
https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/cluster-howto.html
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/en/mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/en/mod/mod_proxy.html准备需要的需要工具
a. apache2.4 安装部署见 http://blog.csdn.net/yingxiake/article/details/51408057
b. mod_proxy代理连接器，apache2.4已经自带
c. tomcat7官网下载，直接解压即可实现的架构图
首先我们来实现tomcat的集群以及session的复杂
1.解压tomcat7到cluster的目录，并命名为apache-tomcat-7.0.55_64_1，打开conf/server.xml配置集群，在Engine节点下配置集群信息
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="8"> <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false" notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/> <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"> <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime="3000"/> <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto" port="4001" <!-- 若在同一台机器上，必须修改这里的端口，避免端口冲突范围须在4000-4100 --> autoBind="100" selectorTimeout="5000" maxThreads="6"/> <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"> <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/> </Sender> <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/> <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/> </Channel> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter=""/> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/> <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer" tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/" deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/" watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/" watchEnabled="false"/> <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener" /> <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener" /> </Cluster>2.配置Engine节点的路由信息，session复制和负载均衡需要用
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat7_1">3.复制webapp下的example项目并修改为mycluster，打开web.xml，并在web-app节点下添加<distributable/>节点,新建一个jsp页面作为测试，命名为testCluster.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=GBK" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<html><head><title>Cluster Test</title></head>
<body>
<h3>this is tomcat3!!</h3>
<% out.println("<p> SESSION ID : " + session.getId()+"</p>"); String name = request.getParameter("name"); if (name != null && name.length() > 0) { String value = request.getParameter("value"); session.setAttribute(name, value); } out.print("<table border = '1'>"); out.print("<tr><th>session key </th><th>session value </th></tr>"); Enumeration<String> names = session.getAttributeNames(); while (names.hasMoreElements()) { String key = names.nextElement(); String value = session.getAttribute(key).toString(); System.out.print(key + " --- " + value); out.print("<tr><td>"+key+"</td><td>"+value+"</td></tr>"); } out.print("</table>"); %>
<br />
<form action="testCluster.jsp" method="post">
session key :<input type=text name="name">
session value:<input type=text name="value">
<input type=submit value="添加">
</form>
</body>
</html>4.复制apache-tomcat-7.0.55_64_1,命名为apache-tomcat-7.0.55_64_2,由于在一条机器部署俩个tomcat需要修改server.xml中的三个端口
<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"><!-- 服务端口 -->
//...
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /><!-- http端口 -->
//...
<Connector port="8010" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /><!-- AJP端口 -->
//...
</Server>开始测试集群，启动tomcat1和tomcat2服务
在浏览器地址栏上输入http://localhost:8081/mycluster/testCluster.jsp
提交一个session key和value
集群和负载均衡好处自然不用说，概念不理解查百度，这里介绍下怎么利用mod_proxy配置集群和负载均衡。
参考文档
https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/cluster-howto.html
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/en/mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/en/mod/mod_proxy.html准备需要的需要工具
a. apache2.4 安装部署见 http://blog.csdn.net/yingxiake/article/details/51408057
b. mod_proxy代理连接器，apache2.4已经自带
c. tomcat7官网下载，直接解压即可实现的架构图
首先我们来实现tomcat的集群以及session的复杂
1.解压tomcat7到cluster的目录，并命名为apache-tomcat-7.0.55_64_1，打开conf/server.xml配置集群，在Engine节点下配置集群信息
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="8"> <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false" notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/> <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"> <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime="3000"/> <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto" port="4001" <!-- 若在同一台机器上，必须修改这里的端口，避免端口冲突范围须在4000-4100 --> autoBind="100" selectorTimeout="5000" maxThreads="6"/> <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"> <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/> </Sender> <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/> <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/> </Channel> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter=""/> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/> <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer" tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/" deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/" watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/" watchEnabled="false"/> <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener" /> <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener" /> </Cluster>2.配置Engine节点的路由信息，session复制和负载均衡需要用
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat7_1">3.复制webapp下的example项目并修改为mycluster，打开web.xml，并在web-app节点下添加<distributable/>节点,新建一个jsp页面作为测试，命名为testCluster.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=GBK" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<html><head><title>Cluster Test</title></head>
<body>
<h3>this is tomcat3!!</h3>
<% out.println("<p> SESSION ID : " + session.getId()+"</p>"); String name = request.getParameter("name"); if (name != null && name.length() > 0) { String value = request.getParameter("value"); session.setAttribute(name, value); } out.print("<table border = '1'>"); out.print("<tr><th>session key </th><th>session value </th></tr>"); Enumeration<String> names = session.getAttributeNames(); while (names.hasMoreElements()) { String key = names.nextElement(); String value = session.getAttribute(key).toString(); System.out.print(key + " --- " + value); out.print("<tr><td>"+key+"</td><td>"+value+"</td></tr>"); } out.print("</table>"); %>
<br />
<form action="testCluster.jsp" method="post">
session key :<input type=text name="name">
session value:<input type=text name="value">
<input type=submit value="添加">
</form>
</body>
</html>4.复制apache-tomcat-7.0.55_64_1,命名为apache-tomcat-7.0.55_64_2,由于在一条机器部署俩个tomcat需要修改server.xml中的三个端口
<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"><!-- 服务端口 -->
//...
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /><!-- http端口 -->
//...
<Connector port="8010" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /><!-- AJP端口 -->
//...
</Server>开始测试集群，启动tomcat1和tomcat2服务
在浏览器地址栏上输入http://localhost:8081/mycluster/testCluster.jsp
提交一个session key和value
再打开一个浏览器窗口，在地址栏上输入http://localhost:8082/mycluster/testCluster.jsp
发现8082端口的服务把8081服务的session同步过来了，并且，俩个服务的sessionid都一样，除了后缀不一样，后缀是我们配置的jvmRoute
到这里就测试成功了，这里要注意几个地方，要实现session复制，所有session属性必需实现 java.io.Serializable
集群配置好之后，我们来整合apache处理负载均衡，这里利用http代理处理tomcat和apache的链接
1.我们在apache conf的目录下新建一个balance.conf配置文件，内容如下
#提供基础的代理功能
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
#提供负载均衡的功能
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
#代理http协议
LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
#负载均衡的算法模块
LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so
LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so
#兼容低版本访问
LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPass / balancer://mycluster/
#设置代理的算法
#ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic
#代理关联配置loadfactor可以分发请求权重，loadfactor越大，权重越大
<Proxy balancer://mycluster>
BalancerMember http://localhost:8081 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat7_1
BalancerMember http://localhost:8082 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat7_2
#热部署，当着备份服务，当tomcat7_1和tomcat7_2死掉的时候，就自动访问tomcat7_3
#BalancerMember http://localhost:9080 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat7_3 status=+H
</Proxy>
#负载均衡控制台，通过http://localhost/balancer-manager 访问
<Location /balancer-manager>
SetHandler balancer-manager
Order Deny,Allow
Allow from all
#Allow from localhost
</Location>
2.打开conf/httpd.conf江balance.conf引进去，在httpd.conf最下面通过下面命令引入
include conf\balancer.conf配置好之后，启动apache，在浏览器的地址栏输入http://localhost
发现它已经路由到tomcat的主页上了，说明apache路径分发成功，这里我们在地址栏输入http://localhost/mycluster/testCluster.jsp，发现他能路由到相应的页面，并在tomcat7_1和tomcat7_2进行切换
若想在控制台上查看监控情况，可以在地址栏上输入http://localhost/balancer-manager
到这里就全部配置了，感觉还挺简单!!