Android 提交数据到服务器
Android提交数据到服务器分为： 通过get方式提交数据到服务器、采用post方式提交数据到服务器、采用httpclient发送get请求、采用httpclient发送post请求、采用httpclient上传数据文件。
其中通过get方式和post方式提交数据到服务器为最基本的方式，他们需要程序员拼装出发送的get请求，如本例中的URL url = new URL(path + "?name=" + param1 + "&password=" + param2);代码，通过StreamTool.getBytes()方法得到服务器返回的内容，值得注意的是在使用post提交数据时要设置 http协议可以向服务器写数据conn.setDoOutput(true);设置http协议的消息头conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", data.length() + "");而采用httpclient发送get请求和post请求是：获取到一个浏览器的实例HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); 准备请求的地址String param1 = URLEncoder.encode(name);String param2 = URLEncoder.encode(password);HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(path + "?name=" + param1 + "&password="+ param2); 敲回车 发请求HttpResponse ressponse = client.execute(httpGet);最后就是采用httpclient上传数据文件，要实现此功能必须依赖的包有commons-codec-1.3.jar，commons-httpclient-3.1.jar，commons-logging-1.1.jar，切记！！！！！！
下面贴上具体代码：
首先是模拟服务器端的代码，要实现文件上传需要的包为commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar，commons-io-2.0.1.jar
模拟登陆界面login.jsp:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title>模拟登陆</title> </head> <body> <form action="/web2/LoginServlet" method="post" ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data"> 用户名：<input name="name" value="12" type="text"> <br> 密 码：<input type="password" value="12" name="password"> <br> <input name="file" type="file"> <input value="提交" type="submit"> <br> </form> </body> </html>处理登陆请求代码LoginServlet.java：
package big.web;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
/**
* Servlet implementation class LoginServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/LoginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public LoginServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
* response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = request.getParameter("name");
if (name != null) {
name = new String(name.getBytes("iso8859-1"), "utf-8");
}
String password = request.getParameter("password");
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println(password);
if ((name.equals("chao")) && (password.equals("111111"))) {
response.getOutputStream().write("login success".getBytes());
} else {
response.getOutputStream().write("login failed".getBytes());
}
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
* response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
System.out.println(isMultipart);
if (isMultipart) {
String realpath = request.getSession().getServletContext()
.getRealPath("/files");
System.out.println(realpath);
File dir = new File(realpath);
if (!dir.exists())
dir.mkdirs();
FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");
try {
List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request);
for (FileItem item : items) {
if (item.isFormField()) {
String name1 = item.getFieldName();// 得到请求参数的名称
String value = item.getString("UTF-8");// 得到参数值
System.out.println(name1 + "=" + value);
} else {
item.write(new File(dir, System.currentTimeMillis()
+ item.getName().substring(
item.getName().lastIndexOf("."))));
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
System.out.println("else");
doGet(request, response);
}
}
}
下面为Android端代码:
首先是布局文件main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_name"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="@string/input_name" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_password"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="@string/input_password" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_file_path"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="/mnt/sdcard/bing.txt"
android:hint="@string/input_filepath" />
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/get_login"
android:id="@+id/bt_login"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/post_login"
android:id="@+id/bt_login_post"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/client_get_login"
android:id="@+id/bt_login_client_get"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/client_post_login"
android:id="@+id/bt_login_client_post"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/client_post_login_with_file"
android:id="@+id/bt_login_client_post_file"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>
清单文件AndroidManifest.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="cn.itcast.login"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<activity
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:name=".DemoActivity" >
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>核心代码登场
工具类StreamTool.java:
package cn.itcast.login.util;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class StreamTool {
/**
* 把一个inputstream里面的内容转化成一个byte[]
*/
public static byte[] getBytes(InputStream is) throws Exception{
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
bos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
is.close();
bos.flush();
byte[] result = bos.toByteArray();
System.out.println(new String(result));
return result;
}
}
服务核心文件DataService.java:
package cn.itcast.login.service;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.multipart.FilePart;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.multipart.MultipartRequestEntity;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.multipart.Part;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.multipart.StringPart;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import cn.itcast.login.util.StreamTool;
public class DataService {
/**
* 通过get请求提交数据到服务器
*
* @param path
* 服务器servlet的地址
* @param name
* 用户名
* @param password
* 密码
* @return 服务器返回回来的string数据
*/
public static String sendDataByGet(String path, String name, String password)
throws Exception {
String param1 = URLEncoder.encode(name);
String param2 = URLEncoder.encode(password);
URL url = new URL(path + "?name=" + param1 + "&password=" + param2);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
// 数据并没有发送给服务器
// 获取服务器返回的流信息
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
byte[] result = StreamTool.getBytes(is);
return new String(result);
}
// get post
// get 一次提交的数据数据量比较小 4K 内部其实通过组拼url的方式
// post 可以提交比较大的数据 form表单的形式 流的方式写到服务器
/**
* 采用post的方式 提交数据到服务器
*
* @param path
* 服务器servlet的地址
* @param name
* 用户名
* @param password
* 密码
* @return 服务器返回的数据信息
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String sendDataByPost(String path, String name,
String password) throws Exception {
String param1 = URLEncoder.encode(name);
String param2 = URLEncoder.encode(password);
URL url = new URL(path);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
String data = "name=" + param1 + "&password=" + param2;
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
// 设置 http协议可以向服务器写数据
conn.setDoOutput(true);
// 设置http协议的消息头
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", data.length() + "");
// 把我们准备好的data数据写给服务器
OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
os.write(data.getBytes());
// httpurlconnection 底层实现 outputstream 是一个缓冲输出流
// 只要我们获取任何一个服务器返回的信息 , 数据就会被提交给服务器 , 得到服务器返回的流信息
int code = conn.getResponseCode();
if (code == 200) {
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
byte[] result = StreamTool.getBytes(is);
return new String(result);
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException("服务器状态异常");
}
}
/**
* httpclient 浏览器的简单包装 new HttpClient 就相当于得到了一个浏览器
*/
public static String sendDataByHttpClientGet(String path, String name,
String password) throws Exception {
// 1. 获取到一个浏览器的实例
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
// 2. 准备请求的地址
String param1 = URLEncoder.encode(name);
String param2 = URLEncoder.encode(password);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(path + "?name=" + param1 + "&password="
+ param2);
// 3. 敲回车 发请求
HttpResponse ressponse = client.execute(httpGet);
int code = ressponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();// 获取返回码
if (code == 200) {
InputStream is = ressponse.getEntity().getContent();
byte[] result = StreamTool.getBytes(is);
return new String(result);
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException("服务器状态异常");
}
}
public static String sendDataByHttpClientPost(String path, String name,
String password) throws Exception {
// 1. 获取到一个浏览器的实例
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
// 2. 准备要请求的 数据类型
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(path);
// 键值对 parameters就是提交的内容 是键值对的形式
List<NameValuePair> parameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name", name));
parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", password));
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parameters,
"utf-8");// entity接受两个参数，第一个位list集合，第二个是数据类型
// 3.设置post请求的数据实体
httppost.setEntity(entity);
// 4. 发送数据给服务器
HttpResponse ressponse = client.execute(httppost);
int code = ressponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (code == 200) {
InputStream is = ressponse.getEntity().getContent();
byte[] result = StreamTool.getBytes(is);
return new String(result);
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException("服务器状态异常");
}
}
/**
* 提交数据给服务器 带一个文件
*
* @param path
* @param name
* @param password
* @param filepath
* 文件在手机上的路径
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String sendDataByHttpClientPost(String path, String name,
String password, String filepath) throws Exception {
// 实例化上传数据的 数组 part []
Part[] parts = { new StringPart("name", name),
new StringPart("password", password),
new FilePart("file", new File(filepath)) };
PostMethod filePost = new PostMethod(path);
filePost.setRequestEntity(new MultipartRequestEntity(parts, filePost
.getParams()));
org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient client = new org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient();
client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams()
.setConnectionTimeout(5000);
int status = client.executeMethod(filePost);
if (status == 200) {
System.out.println(filePost.getResponseCharSet());
String result = new String(filePost.getResponseBodyAsString());
String ha = new String(result.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(ha);
System.out.println("--" + result);
return result;
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException("服务器状态异常");
}
}
}
主文件DemoActivity.java:
package cn.itcast.login;
import cn.itcast.login.service.DataService;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.ContactsContract.Contacts.Data;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class DemoActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private EditText mEtName;
private EditText mEtPassword;
private EditText mEtFilePath;
private Button mBtLogin;
private Button mBtLoginPost;
private Button mBtLoginClientGet;
private Button mBtLoginClientPost;
private Button mBtLoginClientPostFile;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
mEtName = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.et_name);
mEtPassword = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.et_password);
mBtLogin = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.bt_login);
mBtLoginPost = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.bt_login_post);
mBtLoginClientGet = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.bt_login_client_get);
mBtLoginClientPostFile = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.bt_login_client_post_file);
mBtLoginClientPost = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.bt_login_client_post);
mEtFilePath = (EditText)this.findViewById(R.id.et_file_path);
mBtLogin.setOnClickListener(this);
mBtLoginPost.setOnClickListener(this);
mBtLoginClientGet.setOnClickListener(this);
mBtLoginClientPost.setOnClickListener(this);
mBtLoginClientPostFile.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String name = mEtName.getText().toString().trim();
String password = mEtPassword.getText().toString().trim();
if("".equals(name)||"".equals(password)){
Toast.makeText(this, "用户名或密码不能为空", 0).show();
return;
}
String path = getResources().getString(R.string.servleturl);
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.bt_login:
// 通过get请求 发送数据到服务器
try {
String result = DataService.sendDataByGet(path, name, password);
Toast.makeText(this, result, 0).show();
} catch (Exception e) {
Toast.makeText(this, "访问网路异常", 0).show();
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
case R.id.bt_login_post:
try {
String result = DataService.sendDataByPost(path, name, password);
Toast.makeText(this, result, 0).show();
} catch (Exception e) {
Toast.makeText(this, "访问网路异常", 0).show();
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
case R.id.bt_login_client_get:
try {
String result = DataService.sendDataByHttpClientGet(path, name, password);
Toast.makeText(this, result, 0).show();
} catch (Exception e) {
Toast.makeText(this, "访问网路异常", 0).show();
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
case R.id.bt_login_client_post:
try {
String result = DataService.sendDataByHttpClientPost(path, name, password);
Toast.makeText(this, result, 0).show();
} catch (Exception e) {
Toast.makeText(this, "访问网路异常", 0).show();
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
case R.id.bt_login_client_post_file:
try {
String filepath = mEtFilePath.getText().toString().trim();
if("".equals(filepath)){
Toast.makeText(this, "路径不能为空", 0).show();
return ;
}
String result = DataService.sendDataByHttpClientPost(path, name, password, filepath);
Toast.makeText(this, result, 0).show();
System.out.println(new String( result.getBytes("iso8859-1"),"utf-8"));
} catch (Exception e) {
Toast.makeText(this, "访问网路异常", 0).show();
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
}
}
}