成佩涛-mysql字符串函数

1，UPPER和UCASE

返回字符串str，根据当前字符集映射(缺省是ISO-8859-1 Latin1)把所有的字符改变成大写。该函数对多字节是可靠的。

mysql> select name,UPPER(name) from string_test where name='tank';
+------+-------------+
| name | UPPER(name) |
+------+-------------+
| tank | TANK        |
+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2，LOWER和LCASE

返回字符串str，根据当前字符集映射(缺省是ISO-8859-1 Latin1)把所有的字符改变成小写。该函数对多字节是可靠的。

mysql> select sex,LCASE(job) from string_test where job='DUCK';
+------+------------+
| sex  | LCASE(job) |
+------+------------+
|    1 | duck       |
+------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3，FIND_IN_SET(str,strlist)

如果字符串str在由N子串组成的表strlist之中，返回一个1到N的值。一个字符串表是被“,”分隔的子串组成的一个字符串。如果第一个参数是一个常数字符串并且第二个参数是一种类型为SET的列，FIND_IN_SET()函数被优化而使用位运算！如果str不是在strlist里面或如果 strlist是空字符串，返回0。如果任何一个参数是NULL，返回NULL。如果第一个参数包含一个“,”，该函数将工作不正常。看面是二种不同的效果，可以看一下

mysql> SELECT id,name FROM string_test WHERE find_in_set('fly',hobby);
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
|  2 | zhang |
+----+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT id,name FROM string_test WHERE hobby like 'fly%';
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
|  2 | zhang |
|  3 | ying  |
+----+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4，FIELD(str,str1,str2,str3,…)

返回str在str1, str2, str3, …清单的索引。如果str没找到，返回0。FIELD()是ELT()反运算。

mysql> SELECT id, name, FIELD( id, name, sex, job, hobby )
 -> FROM string_test where id < 4;
+----+-------+------------------------------------+
| id | name  | FIELD( id, name, sex, job, hobby ) |
+----+-------+------------------------------------+
|  1 | tank  |                                  2 |
|  2 | zhang |                                  0 |
|  3 | ying  |                                  0 |
+----+-------+------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5.ELT(N,str1,str2,str3,…)

如果N= 1，返回str1，如果N= 2，返回str2，等等。如果N小于1或大于参数个数，返回NULL。ELT()是FIELD()反运算。

mysql> SELECT id, name, ELT(1, id, name, sex, job, hobby ) FROM string_test where id < 4;
+----+-------+------------------------------------+
| id | name  | ELT(1, id, name, sex, job, hobby ) |
+----+-------+------------------------------------+
|  1 | tank  | 1                                  |
|  2 | zhang | 2                                  |
|  3 | ying  | 3                                  |
+----+-------+------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT id, name, ELT(2, id, name, sex, job, hobby ) FROM string_test where id < 4;
+----+-------+------------------------------------+
| id | name  | ELT(2, id, name, sex, job, hobby ) |
+----+-------+------------------------------------+
|  1 | tank  | tank                               |
|  2 | zhang | zhang                              |
|  3 | ying  | ying                               |
+----+-------+------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6，REPLACE(str,from_str,to_str)

返回字符串str，其字符串from_str的所有出现由字符串to_str代替。

mysql> SELECT id,REPLACE(hobby,"firend",'living') FROM string_test WHERE id = 2;

+----+----------------------------------+
| id | REPLACE(hobby,"firend",'living') |
+----+----------------------------------+
|  2 | fly,make living                  |
+----+----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

7，REPEAT(str,count)

返回由重复countTimes次的字符串str组成的一个字符串。如果count <= 0，返回一个空字符串。如果str或count是NULL，返回NULL。

mysql> SELECT id,REPEAT(name,2) FROM string_test WHERE id > 1 and id < 4;
+----+----------------+
| id | REPEAT(name,2) |
+----+----------------+
|  2 | zhangzhang     |
|  3 | yingying       |
+----+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

8，REVERSE(str)

返回颠倒字符顺序的字符串str。

 mysql> SELECT id,reverse(name) FROM string_test WHERE id > 1 and id < 4;
+----+---------------+
| id | reverse(name) |
+----+---------------+
|  2 | gnahz         |
|  3 | gniy          |
+----+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9，INSERT(str,pos,len,newstr)

返回字符串str，在位置pos起始的子串且len个字符长得子串由字符串newstr代替。

mysql> select id,name,INSERT(hobby,10,6,'living') from string_test where id = 2;

+----+-------+-----------------------------+
| id | name  | INSERT(hobby,10,6,'living') |
+----+-------+-----------------------------+
|  2 | zhang | fly,make living             |
+----+-------+-----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

10，SUBSTRING(str FROM pos)

从字符串str的起始位置pos返回一个子串。下面的sub2没有值，因为mysql数据库的下标是从1开始的。

mysql> SELECT id, substring( hobby, 1, 6) AS sub1, substring( hobby from 0 for 8
 ) AS sub2,substring( hobby,2) AS sub3, substring( hobby from 4 ) AS sub4 FROM s
tring_test WHERE id =4;
+----+--------+------+-----------+---------+
| id | sub1   | sub2 | sub3      | sub4    |
+----+--------+------+-----------+---------+
|  4 | i love |      |  love you | ove you |
+----+--------+------+-----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

11,SUBSTRING_INDEX(str,delim,count)

返回从字符串str的第count个出现的分隔符delim之后的子串。如果count是正数，返回最后的分隔符到左边(从左边数) 的所有字符。如果count是负数，返回最后的分隔符到右边的所有字符(从右边数)。

mysql> SELECT id,SUBSTRING_INDEX(hobby,',',2) as test1,SUBSTRING_INDEX(hobby,','
,-1) as test2 FROM string_test WHERE id = 3;
+----+----------------+---------+
| id | test1          | test2   |
+----+----------------+---------+
|  3 | flying,driving | testing |
+----+----------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

12,LTRIM(str)

返回删除了其前置空格字符的字符串str。

mysql> SELECT id,LTRIM(job) FROM string_test WHERE id = 4;
+----+----------------+
| id | LTRIM(job)     |
+----+----------------+
|  4 | love your love |
+----+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

13,RTRIM(str)

返回删除了其拖后空格字符的字符串str。

mysql> SELECT id,RTRIM(job) FROM string_test WHERE id = 4;
+----+----------------+
| id | RTRIM(job)     |
+----+----------------+
|  4 | love your love |
+----+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

14,TRIM([[BOTH | LEADING | TRAILING] [remstr] FROM] str)

返回字符串str，其所有remstr前缀或后缀被删除了。如果没有修饰符BOTH、LEADING或TRAILING给出，BOTH被假定。如果remstr没被指定，空格被删除。

mysql> select trim(' test  ');
+-----------------+
| trim(' test  ') |
+-----------------+
| test            |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT id,TRIM(LEADING "love" from job) as test1,TRIM(BOTH "love" from jo
b) as test2,TRIM(TRAILING "love" from job) as test3 FROM string_test WHERE id =
4
 -> ;
+----+------------+--------+------------+
| id | test1      | test2  | test3      |
+----+------------+--------+------------+
|  4 |  your love |  your  | love your  |
+----+------------+--------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

15,MID(str,pos,len)

从字符串str返回一个len个字符的子串，从位置pos开始。使用FROM的变种形式是ANSI SQL92语法。

mysql>  SELECT id, mid( hobby, 1, 6 ) AS sub1, mid( hobby
 -> FROM 0
 -> FOR 8 ) AS sub2, mid( hobby, 2 ) AS sub3, mid( hobby
 -> FROM 4 ) AS sub4
 -> FROM string_test
 -> WHERE id =4 ;
+----+--------+------+-----------+---------+
| id | sub1   | sub2 | sub3      | sub4    |
+----+--------+------+-----------+---------+
|  4 | i love |      |  love you | ove you |
+----+--------+------+-----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

16，LPAD(str,len,padstr)

返回字符串str，左面用字符串padstr填补直到str是len个字符长。

mysql> SELECT id,LPAD(name,11,"zhang ") FROM string_test WHERE id = 3;
+----+------------------------+
| id | LPAD(name,11,"zhang ") |
+----+------------------------+
|  3 | zhang zying            |
+----+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

17,RPAD(str,len,padstr)

返回字符串str，右面用字符串padstr填补直到str是len个字符长。

mysql> SELECT id,RPAD(name,11," ying") FROM string_test WHERE id = 2;
+----+-----------------------+
| id | RPAD(name,11," ying") |
+----+-----------------------+
|  2 | zhang ying            |
+----+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

18,LEFT(str,len)

返回字符串str的最左面len个字符。

mysql> SELECT id,left(job,4) FROM string_test WHERE id = 4;
+----+-------------+
| id | left(job,4) |
+----+-------------+
|  4 | love        |
+----+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

19,RIGHT(str,len)

返回字符串str的最右面len个字符。

mysql> SELECT id,right(job,4) FROM string_test WHERE id = 4;
+----+--------------+
| id | right(job,4) |
+----+--------------+
|  4 | love         |
+----+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

20,位置控制函数

POSITION(substr IN str)
返回子串substr在字符串str第一个出现的位置，如果substr不是在str里面，返回0.

LOCATE(substr,str,pos)
返回子串substr在字符串str第一个出现的位置，从位置pos开始。如果substr不是在str里面，返回0。

INSTR(str,substr)
返回子串substr在字符串str中的第一个出现的位置。这与有2个参数形式的LOCATE()相同，除了参数被颠倒。

mysql> SELECT id,INSTR(job,"you") as instr,LOCATE('love',job,3) as locate,POSITI
ON('love' in job) as position FROM string_test WHERE id = 4;
+----+-------+--------+----------+
| id | instr | locate | position |
+----+-------+--------+----------+
|  4 |     6 |     11 |        1 |
+----+-------+--------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

21，得到字符串长度的函数

LENGTH(str),OCTET_LENGTH(str),CHAR_LENGTH(str),CHARACTER_LENGTH(str)

mysql> SELECT id,LENGTH(job) as one,OCTET_LENGTH(job) as two,CHAR_LENGTH(job) as
 three,CHARACTER_LENGTH(job) as four FROM string_test WHERE id = 4;
+----+-----+-----+-------+------+
| id | one | two | three | four |
+----+-----+-----+-------+------+
|  4 |  14 |  14 |    14 |   14 |
+----+-----+-----+-------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

22，合并多个字符串，或者表中的多个字段

CONCAT(str1,str2,…)

返回来自于参数连结的字符串。如果任何参数是NULL，返回NULL。可以有超过2个的参数。一个数字参数被变换为等价的字符串形式。

mysql> SELECT id,CONCAT(name,job,hobby) FROM string_test WHERE id = 4;
+----+-----------------------------------+
| id | CONCAT(name,job,hobby)            |
+----+-----------------------------------+
|  4 | tankzhanglove your lovei love you |
+----+-----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

23，进制转换

BIN(N)
返回二进制值N的一个字符串表示，在此N是一个长整数(BIGINT)数字，这等价于CONV(N,10,2)。如果N是NULL，返回NULL。

OCT(N)
返回八进制值N的一个字符串的表示，在此N是一个长整型数字，这等价于CONV(N,10,8)。如果N是NULL，返回NULL。

HEX(N)
返回十六进制值N一个字符串的表示，在此N是一个长整型(BIGINT)数字，这等价于CONV(N,10,16)。如果N是NULL，返回NULL。

ASCII(str)
返回字符串str的最左面字符的ASCII代码值。如果str是空字符串，返回0。如果str是NULL，返回NULL。

mysql> select bin(20),oct(20),hex(20),ascii(20);
+---------+---------+---------+-----------+
| bin(20) | oct(20) | hex(20) | ascii(20) |
+---------+---------+---------+-----------+
| 10100   | 24      | 14      |        50 |
+---------+---------+---------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)