Fixed itk-3.20.1 on gcc-4.8, error: ‘memcpy’ was not declared in this scope
编译环境： Ubuntu 12.04, 本来自带4.6.3版本的gcc，但是之前为了编译某个程序，修改过gcc版本，现在系统默认gcc 4.8。编译安装官网下载来的InsightToolkit-3.20.1.tar.gz，出现如下奇怪错误：
[ 56%] Building CXX object Testing/Code/Common/CMakeFiles/itkCommonTests.dir/itkFloodFilledSpatialFunctionTest.o
In file included from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkMath.h:28:0,
from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkIndex.h:24,
from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkFloodFilledSpatialFunctionTest.cxx:30:
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkConceptChecking.h: In member function ‘void itk::Concept::HasNumericTraits<T>::Constraints::constraints()’:
…...
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkConceptChecking.h: In member function ‘void itk::Concept::HasJoinTraits<T1, T2>::Constraints::constraints()’:
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkConceptChecking.h:641:54: warning: typedef ‘ValueType’ locally defined but not used [-Wunused-local-typedefs]
typedef typename JoinTraits<T1, T2>::ValueType ValueType;
^
In file included from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkFloodFilledSpatialFunctionTest.cxx:29:0:
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkSize.h: In instantiation of ‘void itk::Size<VDimension>::SetSize(const SizeValueType*) [with unsigned int VDimension = 2u; itk::Size<VDimension>::SizeValueType = long unsigned int]’:
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkFloodFilledSpatialFunctionTest.cxx:62:50: required from here
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkSize.h:154:59: error: ‘memcpy’ was not declared in this scope, and no declarations were found by argument-dependent lookup at the point of instantiation [-fpermissive]
{ memcpy(m_Size, val, sizeof(SizeValueType)*VDimension); }
^
In file included from /usr/include/features.h:357:0,
from /usr/include/stdio.h:28,
from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkFloodFilledSpatialFunctionTest.cxx:27:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/string3.h:49:1: note: ‘void* memcpy(void*, const void*, size_t)’ declared here, later in the translation unit
__NTH (memcpy (void *__restrict __dest, __const void *__restrict __src,
^
In file included from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkFloodFilledSpatialFunctionTest.cxx:30:0:
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkIndex.h: In instantiation of ‘void itk::Index<VIndexDimension>::SetIndex(const IndexValueType*) [with unsigned int VIndexDimension = 2u; itk::Index<VIndexDimension>::IndexValueType = long int]’:
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkFloodFilledSpatialFunctionTest.cxx:109:25: required from here
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkIndex.h:227:66: error: ‘memcpy’ was not declared in this scope, and no declarations were found by argument-dependent lookup at the point of instantiation [-fpermissive]
{ memcpy(m_Index, val, sizeof(IndexValueType)*VIndexDimension); }
^
In file included from /usr/include/features.h:357:0,
from /usr/include/stdio.h:28,
from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkFloodFilledSpatialFunctionTest.cxx:27:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/string3.h:49:1: note: ‘void* memcpy(void*, const void*, size_t)’ declared here, later in the translation unit
__NTH (memcpy (void *__restrict __dest, __const void *__restrict __src,
^
make[2]: *** [Testing/Code/Common/CMakeFiles/itkCommonTests.dir/itkFloodFilledSpatialFunctionTest.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [Testing/Code/Common/CMakeFiles/itkCommonTests.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
怀疑是gcc版本问题，某些头文件编译顺序导致的一些库找不到。我打开/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkFloodFilledSpatialFunctionTest.cxx，试试添加头文件：
#include <string>
上面问题暂时没看到了，但是又出来下面问题：
[ 56%] Building CXX object Testing/Code/Common/CMakeFiles/itkCommonTests2.dir/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.o
In file included from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkMath.h:28:0,
from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkMatrixOffsetTransformBase.txx:23,
from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkMatrixOffsetTransformBase.h:457,
from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkAffineTransform.h:24,
from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.cxx:24:
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkConceptChecking.h: In member function ‘void itk::Concept::HasNumericTraits<T>::Constraints::constraints()’:
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkConceptChecking.h:558:59: warning: typedef ‘ValueType’ locally defined but not used [-Wunused-local-typedefs]
typedef typename NumericTraits<T>::ValueType ValueType;
^
…...
In file included from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkMatrixOffsetTransformBase.h:457:0,
from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkAffineTransform.h:24,
from /usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.cxx:24:
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkMatrixOffsetTransformBase.txx: In member function ‘virtual void itk::MatrixOffsetTransformBase<TScalarType, NInputDimensions, NOutputDimensions>::SetFixedParameters(const ParametersType&)’:
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Code/Common/itkMatrixOffsetTransformBase.txx:317:46: warning: typedef ‘ParameterValueType’ locally defined but not used [-Wunused-local-typedefs]
typedef typename ParametersType::ValueType ParameterValueType;
^
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.cxx: In member function ‘virtual void itk::MeshSourceGraftOutputFilter<TInputMesh, TOutputMesh, TTransform>::GenerateData()’:
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.cxx:115:49: warning: typedef ‘InputPointsContainer’ locally defined but not used [-Wunused-local-typedefs]
typedef typename TInputMesh::PointsContainer InputPointsContainer;
^
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.cxx:116:49: warning: typedef ‘OutputPointsContainer’ locally defined but not used [-Wunused-local-typedefs]
typedef typename TOutputMesh::PointsContainer OutputPointsContainer;
^
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.cxx:118:56: warning: typedef ‘InputPointsContainerPointer’ locally defined but not used [-Wunused-local-typedefs]
typedef typename TInputMesh::PointsContainerPointer InputPointsContainerPointer;
^
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.cxx:119:56: warning: typedef ‘OutputPointsContainerPointer’ locally defined but not used [-Wunused-local-typedefs]
typedef typename TOutputMesh::PointsContainerPointer OutputPointsContainerPointer;
^
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.cxx: In instantiation of ‘void itk::MeshSourceGraftOutputFilter<TInputMesh, TOutputMesh, TTransform>::GenerateData() [with TInputMesh = itk::Mesh<int>; TOutputMesh = itk::Mesh<int>; TTransform = itk::AffineTransform<float, 3u>]’:
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.cxx:311:1: required from here
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.cxx:153:36: error: ‘GraftOutput’ was not declared in this scope, and no declarations were found by argument-dependent lookup at the point of instantiation [-fpermissive]
GraftOutput( filter->GetOutput() );
^
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.cxx:153:36: note: declarations in dependent base ‘itk::MeshSource<itk::Mesh<int> >’ are not found by unqualified lookup
/usr/local/src/InsightToolkit-3.20.1/Testing/Code/Common/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.cxx:153:36: note: use ‘this->GraftOutput’ instead
make[2]: *** [Testing/Code/Common/CMakeFiles/itkCommonTests2.dir/itkMeshSourceGraftOutputTest.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [Testing/Code/Common/CMakeFiles/itkCommonTests2.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
不知道什么情况！于是把gcc版本降到4.6.4，编译就一个问题都没报，能顺利安装成功！
Update
====================================
Jan 22, 2015. 今天重装ITK，同一个安装包，Ubuntu 12.04.5, gcc 4.8, g++ 4.8。仍然在56%，报同样错误：
error: ‘memcpy’ was not declared in this scope, and no declarations were found by argument-dependent lookup at the point of instantiation [-fpermissive]
{ memcpy(m_Size, val, sizeof(SizeValueType)*VDimension); }
这是编译器版本问题，将gcc降级为4.7.3还是报同样错误。解决方法：将gcc降级为4.6，错误消失。
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.7 g++-4.7 sudo update-alternatives --remove-all gcc sudo update-alternatives --remove-all g++ gcc --version bash: /usr/bin/gcc: No such file or directory sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.7 20 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.7 20 gcc --version gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.3-2ubuntu1~12.04) 4.7.3 <span style="color:#FF0000;">继续编译，仍然报同样错误。</span>
将gcc，g++降级为4.6
sudo update-alternatives --remove-all gcc sudo update-alternatives --remove-all g++ gcc --version bash: /usr/bin/gcc: No such file or directory sudo apt-get install gcc-4.6 g++-4.6 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.6 20 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.6 20 g++ --version g++ (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.4-1ubuntu1~12.04) 4.6.4错误消失。编译100%通过。
结论：实践证明InsightToolkit-3.20.1.tar.gz在Ubuntu 12.04，64bit，gcc 4.8/gcc 4.7版本上编译都会报同一个错误“‘memcpy’ was not declared in this scope, and no declarations were found by argument-dependent lookup at the point of instantiation [-fpermissive]”。但在降级为gcc 4.6后，可100%完成通过。