Open Session In View探讨


    在没有使用Spring提供的Open Session In View情况下,因需要在service(or Dao)层里把session关闭,所以lazy loading true的话,要在应用层内把关系集合都初始化,如 company.getEmployees(),否则Hibernatesession already closed Exception;    Open Session In View提供了一种简便的方法,较好地解决了lazy loading问题.

    它有两种配置方式OpenSessionInViewInterceptorOpenSessionInViewFilter(具体参看SpringSide),功能相同,只是一个在web.xml配置,另一个在application.xml配置而已。

    Open Session In Viewrequestsession绑定到当前thread期间一直保持hibernate sessionopen状态,使sessionrequest的整个期间都可以使用,如在View层里PO也可以lazy loading数据,如 ${ company.employees }。当View 层逻辑完成后,才会通过FilterdoFilter方法或InterceptorpostHandle方法自动关闭session


      
      
      
      
OpenSessionInViewInterceptor配置
  1. <beans>
  2. <bean name= "openSessionInViewInterceptor"
  3. class= "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewInterceptor">
  4. <property name= "sessionFactory">
  5. <ref bean= "sessionFactory"/>
  6. </property>
  7. </bean>
  8. <bean id= "urlMapping"
  9. class= "org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
  10. <property name= "interceptors">
  11. <list>
  12. <ref bean= "openSessionInViewInterceptor"/>
  13. </list>
  14. </property>
  15. <property name= "mappings">
  16. ...
  17. </property>
  18. </bean>
  19. ...
  20. </beans>
      
      
      
      
OpenSessionInViewFilter配置
  1. <web-app>
  2. ...
  3. <filter>
  4. <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
  5. <filter-class>
  6. org. springframework. orm. hibernate3. support. OpenSessionInViewFilter
  7. </filter-class>
  8. <!-- singleSession默认为true,若设为false则等于没用 OpenSessionInView -->
  9. <init-param>
  10. <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
  11. <param-value>true</param-value>
  12. </init-param>
  13. </filter>
  14. ...
  15. <filter-mapping>
  16. <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
  17. <url-pattern>*. do</url-pattern>
  18. </filter-mapping>
  19. ...
  20. </web-app>

很多人在使用OpenSessionInView过程中提及一个错误:

      
      
      
      
  1. org. springframework. dao. InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: Write operations
  2. are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode. NEVER ) - turn your Session into
  3. FlushMode. AUTO or remove 'readOnly' marker from transaction definition

看看OpenSessionInViewFilter里的几个方法

      
      
      
      
  1. protected void doFilterInternal (HttpServletRequest request,
    HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain filterChain )
    throws ServletException, IOException {
     SessionFactory sessionFactory = lookupSessionFactory ( );
     logger. debug ( "Opening Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter" );
     Session session = getSession (sessionFactory );
     TransactionSynchronizationManager. bindResource (
      sessionFactory, new SessionHolder (session ) );
      try {
      filterChain. doFilter (request, response );
      }
     finally {
     TransactionSynchronizationManager. unbindResource (sessionFactory );
     logger. debug ( "Closing Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter" );
     closeSession (session, sessionFactory );
      }
    }




     
  2. protected Session getSession (SessionFactory sessionFactory )
    throws DataAccessResourceFailureException {
     Session session = SessionFactoryUtils. getSession (sessionFactory, true );
     session. setFlushMode (FlushMode. NEVER );
      return session;
    }

  3. protected
    void closeSession(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)
    throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {
     SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary(session, sessionFactory);
    }

     可以看到OpenSessionInViewFilter在getSession的时候,会把获取回来的session的flush mode 设为FlushMode.NEVER。然后把该sessionFactory绑定到TransactionSynchronizationManager,使request的整个过程都使用同一个session,在请求过后再接除该sessionFactory的绑定,最后closeSessionIfNecessary根据该session是否已和transaction绑定来决定是否关闭session。在这个过程中,若HibernateTemplate 发现自当前session有不是readOnly的transaction,就会获取到FlushMode.AUTO Session,使方法拥有写权限。

      
      
      
      
  1. public static void closeSessionIfNecessary (Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory )
  2. throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {
  3. if (session == null ||
    TransactionSynchronizationManager. hasResource (sessionFactory ) ) {
  4. return;
  5. }
  6. logger. debug ( "Closing Hibernate session" );
  7. try {
  8. session. close ( );
  9. }
  10. catch (JDBCException ex ) {
  11. // SQLException underneath
  12. throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException ( "Could not close Hibernate session", ex. getSQLException ( ) );
  13. }
  14. catch (HibernateException ex ) {
  15. throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException ( "Could not close Hibernate session", ex );
  16. }
  17. }

    也即是,如果有不是readOnly的transaction就可以由Flush.NEVER转为Flush.AUTO,拥有insert,update,delete操作权限,如果没有transaction,并且没有另外人为地设flush model的话,则doFilter的整个过程都是Flush.NEVER。所以受transaction保护的方法有写权限,没受保护的则没有。

      
      
      
      
采用spring的事务声明,使方法受transaction控制
  1.   <bean id="baseTransaction"
    class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
              abstract="true">
            <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
            <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"/>
            <property name="transactionAttributes">
                <props>
                    <prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
                    <prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
                    <prop key="load*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
                    <prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
                    <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
                    <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
                    <prop key="remove*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
                </props>
            </property>
        </bean>

  2.     <bean id="userService" parent="baseTransaction">
            <property name="target">
                <bean class="com.phopesoft.security.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>
            </property>
        </bean>
     

对于上例,则以save,add,update,remove开头的方法拥有可写的事务,如果当前有某个方法,如命名为importExcel(),则因没有transaction而没有写权限,这时若方法内有insert,update,delete操作的话,则需要手动设置flush model为Flush.AUTO,如

     
     
     
     
  1. session. setFlushMode (FlushMode. AUTO );
  2. session. save (user );
  3. session. flush ( );

     尽管Open Session In View看起来还不错,其实副作用不少。看回上面OpenSessionInViewFilter的doFilterInternal方法代码,这个方法实际上是被父类的doFilter调用的,因此,我们可以大约了解的OpenSessionInViewFilter调用流程: request(请求)->open session并开始transaction->controller->View(Jsp)->结束transaction并close session.

     一切看起来很正确,尤其是在本地开发测试的时候没出现问题,但试想下如果流程中的某一步被阻塞的话,那在这期间connection就一直被占用而不释放。最有可能被阻塞的就是在写Jsp这步,一方面可能是页面内容大,response.write的时间长,另一方面可能是网速慢,服务器与用户间传输时间久。当大量这样的情况出现时,就有连接池连接不足,造成页面假死现象。

Open Session In View是个双刃剑,放在公网上内容多流量大的网站请慎用。

 

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