linux路由器Quagga的配置(一)：安装
转自http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_68b156d50101kf64.html，作者：郑大哲
部分资料摘自http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-25513153-id-212328.html
Quagga是一款功能比较强大的开源路由软件，支持rip,ripng,ospfv2,ospfv3，bgp等协议。目前最新版本为Quagga0.99.17。安装Quagga的目的是使装有linux(我采用的是Ubuntu10.04LTS)系统的电脑变成一台路由器，以便今后的实验。之所以选择Quagga是因为它的操作和Cisco的操作是比较相似的。今天用到的电脑需要多块网卡支持（至少两块）。
安装Quagga
首先下载Quagga 0.99.17到硬盘，然后在终端输入
tar –zxvf quagga-0.99.17.tar.gz
进入目录
#cd quagga-0.99.17
配置
#./configure --enable-vtysh --enable-user=root --enable-group=root --enable-vty-group=root
上述命令为打开vty功能(CLI功能)并给予相应用户权限,另有一些初始化配置见文档中.配置完成后会有一些信息表明quagga安装完成后相关文件所在位置。
此时出现错误：
checking for syslog.h... yes
checking for wchar.h... yes
checking for wctype.h... yes
checking for sys/sysctl.h... yes
checking for sys/sockio.h... no
checking for kvm.h... no
checking for sys/conf.h... no
checking for ucontext.h... yes
checking for special C compiler options needed for large files... no
checking for _FILE_OFFSET_BITS value needed for large files... 64
checking for perl... /usr/bin/perl
checking for tputs in -ltermcap... yes
checking for main in -lreadline... no
configure: error: vtysh needs libreadline but was not found and usable on your system.
zinkin@zinkin-desktop:~/quagga/quagga-0.99.17$
zinkin@zinkin-desktop:~/quagga/quagga-0.99.17$ --enable-user=root
--enable-user=root: command not found
zinkin@zinkin-desktop:~/quagga/quagga-0.99.17$
zinkin@zinkin-desktop:~/quagga/quagga-0.99.17$ --enable-group=root
--enable-group=root: command not found
zinkin@zinkin-desktop:~/quagga/quagga-0.99.17$
注：
①./configure是用来检测你的安装平台的目标特征的（比如它会检查是否有编辑器、函数库，CC或GCC等等），并根据配置信息生产相应的makefile，它是个shell脚本。
②./configure –h 输入此命令会一一列出当前配置环境所有配置选项
③此输入选项含义为，启用相应服务程序，并对不用的服务程序进行关闭，其中--enable- user=root --enable-group=root 是限定quagg软件的使用权限。
④配置时易出现如下错误：
/usr/local/lib/libreadline.so: undefined reference to `PC'
/usr/local/lib/libreadline.so: undefined reference to `tgetflag'
/usr/local/lib/libreadline.so: undefined reference to `tgetent'
/usr/local/lib/libreadline.so: undefined reference to `UP'
/usr/local/lib/libreadline.so: undefined reference to `tputs'
/usr/local/lib/libreadline.so: undefined reference to `tgoto'
/usr/local/lib/libreadline.so: undefined reference to `tgetnum'
/usr/local/lib/libreadline.so: undefined reference to `BC'
/usr/local/lib/libreadline.so: undefined reference to `tgetstr'
checking for perl... /usr/bin/perl
checking for tputs in -ltermcap... no
checking for tputs in -ltinfo... no
checking for tputs in -lcurses... no
checking for tputs in -lncurses... no
checking for main in -lreadline... no
configure: error: vtysh needs libreadline but was not found and usable on your system
解决方法：
1 看readline软件包是否安装
sudo apt-get install libreadline5-dev
2 是否安装ncurses安装包
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
3 是否安装libncurses5-dev 或libncursesw5-dev软件包
sudo apt-get install libncursesw5-dev
安装完成之后再重新用配置命令
#./configure --enable-vtysh --enable-user=root --enable-group=root --enable-vty-group=root
之后编译与安装
#make #make install
之后出现错误
/usr/bin/install: cannot create regular file `/usr/local/lib/libprotobuf.so.0.0.0': Permission denied make[3]: *** [install-libLTLIBRARIES] Error 1 make[3]: Exit from catalogue `/home/alexe/downloads/proto2/protobuf-2.0.0beta/src' make[2]: *** [install-am] Error 2 make[2]: Exit from catalogue `/home/alexe/downloads/proto2/protobuf-2.0.0beta/src' make[1]: *** [install] Error 2 make[1]: Exit from catalogue `/home/alexe/downloads/proto2/protobuf-2.0.0beta/src' make: *** [install-recursive] Error 1
可以采用
＃sudo make ＃sudo make install ＃sudo ldconfig
3.修改文件/etc/services,添加如下内容(某些版本Ubuntu已有,就不用添加了)
zebrasrv 2600/tcp # zebra service zebra 2601/tcp # zebra vty ripd 2602/tcp # RIPd vty ripngd 2603/tcp # RIPngd vty ospfd 2604/tcp # OSPFd vty bgpd 2605/tcp # BGPd vty ospf6d 2606/tcp # OSPF6d vty ospfapi 2607/tcp # ospfapi isid 2608/tcp # ISISd vty
之后查看/etc/services，这个文件，发现已经里面有上面这段东西了。
quagga文件夹下/zebra /usr/local/etc目录下有一个zebra.conf.sample文件,需建立一个zebra.conf文件并把zebra.conf.sample内容copy进去.
启动Quagga
在终端输入zebra -d即可启动quagga。有可能出现以下错误：
zebra: error while loading shared libraries: libzebra.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决方法：
在/usr/local/lib下有
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 2010-06-21 01:52 libzebra.so -> libzebra.so.0.0.0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 2010-06-21 01:52 libzebra.so.0 -> libzebra.so.0.0.0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 778556 2010-06-21 01:52 libzebra.so.0.0.0
这可能是由于/lib库出现问题：则
zinkin@zinkin-desktop:~/quagga/quagga-0.99.17$ cd /usr/local/lib zinkin@zinkin-desktop:/usr/local/lib$ cp libzebra.* /lib zinkin@zinkin-desktop:/usr/local/lib$ sudo rm libzebra.*
在终端输入zebra -d即可启动quagga。
zinkin@zinkin-desktop:~/quagga/quagga-0.99.17$ zebra -d privs_init: could not lookup user quagga
[root@localhost1 quagga-0.99.15]# zebra
privs_init: could notlookup user quagga
[root@localhost1 quagga-0.99.15]# zebra --help
Usage : zebra [OPTION...]
Daemon which manages kernel routing table management and redistribution between different routing protocols.
-b, --batch Runs in batch mode
-d, --daemon Runs in daemon mode
-f, --config_file Set configuration file name
-i, --pid_file Set process identifier file name
-k, --keep_kernel Don't delete old routes which installed by zebra.
-C, --dryrun Check configuration for validity and exit
-A, --vty_addr Set vty's bind address
-P, --vty_port Set vty's port number
-r, --retain When program terminates, retain added route by zebra.
-u, --user User to run as
-g, --group Group to run as
-s, --nl-bufsize Set netlink receive buffer size
-v, --version Print program version
-h, --help Display this help and exit
Report bugs to http://bugzilla.quagga.net
[root@localhost1 quagga-0.99.15]# zebra -d -u root -g root
vty_read_config: failed to open configuration file /usr/local/etc/zebra.conf: No such file or directory
can't open configuration file [/usr/local/etc/zebra.conf]
[root@localhost1 quagga-0.99.15]# cp -Rf /usr/local/etc/zebra.conf.sample /usr/local/etc/zebra.conf
[root@localhost1 quagga-0.99.15]# zebra -d -u root -g root
[root@localhost1 quagga-0.99.15]# telnet localhost 2601
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
Hello, this is Quagga (version 0.99.15).
Copyright 1996-2005 Kunihiro Ishiguro, et al.
zinkin@zinkin-desktop:~/quagga/quagga-0.99.17$ sudo zebra -d -u root -g root
zinkin@zinkin-desktop:~/quagga/quagga-0.99.17$ telnet localhost 2601
Trying ::1...
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
Hello, this is Quagga (version 0.99.17).
Copyright 1996-2005 Kunihiro Ishiguro, et al.
User Access Verification
Password:
这样就说明已经将quaga安装成功了！
下一篇讲如何配置。