闲来无事,自己实现了popen函数mypopen,后来查看了popen函数的源码发现自己实现的与其相差无几,本函数与linux中的实现最大的不同是不需要用专门的pclose()函数来关闭文件指针,用普通的fclose()即可,linux实现的代码也会给出在下文,可以对比一下其中差异。
主要通过pipe管道实现,具体思路如下:
1、使用pipe()建立管道
2、使用fork()创建子进程
3、在子进程中调用exec族函数执行命令,通过管道将结果传送至父进程
4、在主进程中等待子进程执行,子进程执行完成后将接收其结果,返回结果的文件指针
下面是mypopen源代码,重点部位已通过注释进行标注:
FILE *mypopen(char *cmd,char type) { int pipefd[2]; //管道描述符 int pid_t; //进程描述符 if(type !='r' && type != 'w') { printf("myopen() flag error/n"); return NULL; } if(pipe(pipefd)<0) //建立管道 { printf("myopen() pipe create error/n"); return NULL; } pid_t=fork(); //建立子进程 if(pid_t < 0) return NULL; if(0 == pid_t) //子进程中...... { if(type == 'r') { close(pipefd[0]); //此函数返回文件指针是用于读,因此,在子进程中应该将结果写入管道,这样父进程返回的文件指针才能读,所以这里将读端关闭 dup2(pipefd[1],STDOUT_FILENO); //exec函数的执行结果将会通过标准输出写到控制台上,但这里我们不需要在控制台输出,而是需要将结果返回,因此将标准输出重定向到管道写端 close(pipefd[1]); } else{ close(pipefd[1]); dup2(pipefd[0],STDIN_FILENO); close(pipefd[0]); } char *argv[] = {cmd,NULL}; if(execvp(cmd,argv)<0) //用exec族函数执行命令 return NULL; } wait(0); //等待子进程返回 if(type=='r'){ close(pipefd[1]); return fdopen(pipefd[0],"r"); //由于程序需要返回的参数是文件指针,因此需要用fdopen函数将描述符打开,其返回值为相应的文件指针 }else{ close(pipefd[0]); return fdopen(pipefd[1],"w"); } }
下面是popen()在linux中的实现:
/* * popen.c Written by W. Richard Stevens */ #include <sys/wait.h> #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include "ourhdr.h" static pid_t *childpid = NULL; /* ptr to array allocated at run-time */ static int maxfd; /* from our open_max(), {Prog openmax} */ #define SHELL "/bin/sh" FILE * popen(const char *cmdstring, const char *type) { int i, pfd[2]; pid_t pid; FILE *fp; /* only allow "r" or "w" */ if ((type[0] != 'r' && type[0] != 'w') || type[1] != 0) { errno = EINVAL; /* required by POSIX.2 */ return(NULL); } if (childpid == NULL) { /* first time through */ /* allocate zeroed out array for child pids */ maxfd = open_max(); if ( (childpid = calloc(maxfd, sizeof(pid_t))) == NULL) return(NULL); } if (pipe(pfd) < 0) return(NULL); /* errno set by pipe() */ if ( (pid = fork()) < 0) return(NULL); /* errno set by fork() */ else if (pid == 0) { /* child */ if (*type == 'r') { close(pfd[0]); if (pfd[1] != STDOUT_FILENO) { dup2(pfd[1], STDOUT_FILENO); close(pfd[1]); } } else { close(pfd[1]); if (pfd[0] != STDIN_FILENO) { dup2(pfd[0], STDIN_FILENO); close(pfd[0]); } } /* close all descriptors in childpid[] */ for (i = 0; i < maxfd; i++) if (childpid[ i ] > 0) close(i); execl(SHELL, "sh", "-c", cmdstring, (char *) 0); _exit(127); } /* parent */ if (*type == 'r') { close(pfd[1]); if ( (fp = fdopen(pfd[0], type)) == NULL) return(NULL); } else { close(pfd[0]); if ( (fp = fdopen(pfd[1], type)) == NULL) return(NULL); } childpid[fileno(fp)] = pid; /* remember child pid for this fd */ return(fp); } int pclose(FILE *fp) { int fd, stat; pid_t pid; if (childpid == NULL) return(-1); /* popen() has never been called */ fd = fileno(fp); if ( (pid = childpid[fd]) == 0) return(-1); /* fp wasn't opened by popen() */ childpid[fd] = 0; if (fclose(fp) == EOF) return(-1); while (waitpid(pid, &stat, 0) < 0) if (errno != EINTR) return(-1); /* error other than EINTR from waitpid() */ return(stat); /* return child's termination status */ }
参考资料,真诚致谢:
http://www.linuxforum.net/forum/showflat.php?Cat=&Board=program&Number=266385