LeetCode:Missing Number

问题描述:

Given an array containing n distinct numbers taken from 0, 1, 2, ..., n, find the one that is missing from the array.

For example,
Given nums = [0, 1, 3] return 2.

Note:
Your algorithm should run in linear runtime complexity. Could you implement it using only constant extra space complexity?

Credits:
Special thanks to @jianchao.li.fighter for adding this problem and creating all test cases.

思路:

1、首先先要将特例(边界情况)都考虑完整,比如nums中只有一个数的情况;

2、其次最关键的是普通情况,由于nums中的数都是无序的,所以要找到nums中最大的数必须遍历一遍;

3、最后如果这个最大的数是边界,那么就要用到一个公式:1+2+...+n = n*(n+1) /2;对nums求和,然后用n*(n+1) /2减去求和结果就是缺失的数;如果最大的数不是边界,那么缺少的数就是边界。

代码:

class Solution {
public:
    int missingNumber(vector<int>& nums) {
    if(nums[0] == 0 && nums.size() == 1)
        return 1; 
    if(nums[0] > 0 && nums.size() == 1)
    {
        return nums[0] - 1;
    }
    int sum = 0;
    int max = nums[0];
    for(vector<int>::iterator it = nums.begin();it != nums.end();it++)
    {
        sum += *it;
        if(*it > max)
            max = *it;
    }
    if(max < nums.size())
    {
        return (max + 1);
    }
    else if(max == nums.size())
         {   int sumall = max * (max + 1) / 2;
             int result = sumall - sum;
             return result;
         }
    }
};


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