OTSU的算法,很好用,好不容易才找到的。
/*
OTSU 算法可以说是自适应计算单阈值(用来转换灰度图像为二值图像)的简单高效方法。下面的代码最早由 Ryan Dibble提供,此后经过多人Joerg.Schulenburg, R.Z.Liu 等修改,补正。
算法对输入的灰度图像的直方图进行分析,将直方图分成两个部分,使得两部分之间的距离最大。划分点就是求得的阈值。
parameter: *image --- buffer for image
rows, cols --- size of image
vvv --- debug option, is 0, no debug information outputed
*/
/*======================================================================*/
/* OTSU global thresholding routine */
/* takes a 2D unsigned char array pointer, number of rows, and */
/* number of cols in the array. returns the value of the threshold */
/*======================================================================*/
int FunMain::OTSU(unsigned char *image, int rows, int cols, int vvv)
{
//unsigned char *nps; // 图像指针
int nps=0;
int thresholdValue=1; // 阈值
int ihist[256]; // 图像直方图,256个点
int i, j, k; // various counters
int n, n1, n2, gmin, gmax;
double m1, m2, sum, csum, fmax, sb;
// 对直方图置零...
//memset(ihist, 0, sizeof(ihist));
for (i = 0; i <256; i++)
ihist[i]=0;
gmin=255; gmax=0;
// 生成直方图
for (i =0; i < rows; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++)
{
nps =(int) image[i*cols+j];
ihist[nps]++;
if(nps > gmax) gmax=nps;
if(nps < gmin) gmin=nps;
// *nps++; /* next pixel */
}
}
// set up everything
sum = csum = 0.0;
n = 0;
for (k = 0; k <= 255; k++) {
sum += (double) k * (double) ihist[k]; /* x*f(x) 质量矩*/
n += ihist[k]; /* f(x) 质量 */
}
if (!n) {
// if n has no value, there is problems...
fprintf (stderr, "NOT NORMAL thresholdValue = 160/n");
return (160);
}
// do the otsu global thresholding method
fmax = -1.0;
n1 = 0;
for (k = 0; k < 255; k++) {
n1 += ihist[k];
if (!n1) { continue; }
n2 = n - n1;
if (n2 == 0) { break; }
csum += (double) k *ihist[k];
m1 = csum / n1;
m2 = (sum - csum) / n2;
sb = (double) n1 *(double) n2 *(m1 - m2) * (m1 - m2);
/* bbg: note: can be optimized. */
if (sb > fmax) {
fmax = sb;
thresholdValue = k;
}
}
// at this point we have our thresholding value
// debug code to display thresholding values
if ( vvv & 1 )
fprintf(stderr,"# OTSU: thresholdValue = %d gmin=%d gmax=%d/n",
thresholdValue, gmin, gmax);
return(thresholdValue);
}