Ios开发之Apns功能介绍（应用程序通知）及PHP/Python代码

欢迎访问我的博客，http://www.paulwangblog.com

最近的一个项目在开发一个iphone客户端，客户提出要做一个程序即使在后台也可以弹出的消息提示，这是目前大量ios应用的方式，找了点资料研究了一下，现在总结出来
1.什么是Apns?
参考链接

2.Apns的原理及流程
参考链接

3.Apns的几个接口
push是指通过自己的服务器给用户手机的固定应用发信息

feedback是指定期从苹果那里取到一些不再能接收此应用信息的手机id，例如当用户卸载应用后，就不会再发送成功，所以这时候不要再给此用户发送信息了

4.PHP Demo
我采用了Google code中的一个项目，代码写的比较严谨，但是第一次用，有许多不明白的地方，所以研究后做下说明，告诉大家，如下：

项目地址：http://code.google.com/p/apns-php/

这个项目通过socket用ssl去连接苹果服务器的时候，没有传入密码（一般都有的），我做了一些修改，修改后可以成功的给申请过应用的手机下发信息

sample_push.php：下发测试代码，我修改的地方如下：

 $push = new ApnsPHP_Push(
     ApnsPHP_Abstract::ENVIRONMENT_SANDBOX,
     'my.pem',//我的证书
     'abc@123'//我修改的，增加了密码
 );

Abstract.php我做了修改，全部贴出来

 <?php
 /**
  * @file
  * ApnsPHP_Abstract class definition.
  *
  * LICENSE
  *
  * This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled
  * with this package in the file LICENSE.txt.
  * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:
  * http://code.google.com/p/apns-php/wiki/License
  * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to
  * obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email
  * to [email protected] so we can send you a copy immediately.
  *
  * @author (C) 2010 Aldo Armiento ([email protected])
  * @version $Id: Abstract.php 102 2011-11-15 09:56:47Z aldo.armiento $
  */

 /**
  * @mainpage
  *
  * @li ApnsPHP on Google Code: http://apns-php.googlecode.com/
  */

 /**
  * @defgroup ApplePushNotificationService ApnsPHP
  */

 /**
  * Abstract class: this is the superclass for all Apple Push Notification Service
  * classes.
  *
  * This class is responsible for the connection to the Apple Push Notification Service
  * and Feedback.
  *
  * @ingroup ApplePushNotificationService
  * @see http://tinyurl.com/ApplePushNotificationService
  */
 abstract class ApnsPHP_Abstract
 {
     const ENVIRONMENT_PRODUCTION = 0; /**< @type integer Production environment. */
     const ENVIRONMENT_SANDBOX = 1; /**< @type integer Sandbox environment. */

     const DEVICE_BINARY_SIZE = 32; /**< @type integer Device token length. */

     const CONNECT_RETRY_INTERVAL = 1000000; /**< @type integer Default connect retry interval in micro seconds. */
     const SOCKET_SELECT_TIMEOUT = 1000000; /**< @type integer Default socket select timeout in micro seconds. */

     protected $_aServiceURLs = array(); /**< @type array Container for service URLs environments. */

     protected $_nEnvironment; /**< @type integer Active environment. */

     protected $_nConnectTimeout; /**< @type integer Connect timeout in seconds. */
     protected $_nConnectRetryTimes = 3; /**< @type integer Connect retry times. */

     protected $_sProviderCertificateFile; /**< @type string Provider certificate file with key (Bundled PEM). */
     protected $_sProviderPass;
     protected $_sRootCertificationAuthorityFile; /**< @type string Root certification authority file. */

     protected $_nConnectRetryInterval; /**< @type integer Connect retry interval in micro seconds. */
     protected $_nSocketSelectTimeout; /**< @type integer Socket select timeout in micro seconds. */

     protected $_logger; /**< @type ApnsPHP_Log_Interface Logger. */

     protected $_hSocket; /**< @type resource SSL Socket. */

     /**
      * Constructor.
      *
      * @param  $nEnvironment @type integer Environment.
      * @param  $sProviderCertificateFile @type string Provider certificate file
      *         with key (Bundled PEM).
      * @throws ApnsPHP_Exception if the environment is not
      *         sandbox or production or the provider certificate file is not readable.
      */
     public function __construct($nEnvironment, $sProviderCertificateFile, $sProviderPass)
     {
         if ($nEnvironment != self::ENVIRONMENT_PRODUCTION && $nEnvironment != self::ENVIRONMENT_SANDBOX) {
             throw new ApnsPHP_Exception(
                 "Invalid environment '{$nEnvironment}'"
             );
         }
         $this->_nEnvironment = $nEnvironment;

         if (!is_readable($sProviderCertificateFile)) {
             throw new ApnsPHP_Exception(
                 "Unable to read certificate file '{$sProviderCertificateFile}'"
             );
         }
         $this->_sProviderCertificateFile = $sProviderCertificateFile;
         $this->_sProviderPass = $sProviderPass;

         $this->_nConnectTimeout = ini_get("default_socket_timeout");
         $this->_nConnectRetryInterval = self::CONNECT_RETRY_INTERVAL;
         $this->_nSocketSelectTimeout = self::SOCKET_SELECT_TIMEOUT;
     }

     /**
      * Set the Logger instance to use for logging purpose.
      *
      * The default logger is ApnsPHP_Log_Embedded, an instance
      * of ApnsPHP_Log_Interface that simply print to standard
      * output log messages.
      *
      * To set a custom logger you have to implement ApnsPHP_Log_Interface
      * and use setLogger, otherwise standard logger will be used.
      *
      * @see ApnsPHP_Log_Interface
      * @see ApnsPHP_Log_Embedded
      *
      * @param  $logger @type ApnsPHP_Log_Interface Logger instance.
      * @throws ApnsPHP_Exception if Logger is not an instance
      *         of ApnsPHP_Log_Interface.
      */
     public function setLogger(ApnsPHP_Log_Interface $logger)
     {
         if (!is_object($logger)) {
             throw new ApnsPHP_Exception(
                 "The logger should be an instance of 'ApnsPHP_Log_Interface'"
             );
         }
         if (!($logger instanceof ApnsPHP_Log_Interface)) {
             throw new ApnsPHP_Exception(
                 "Unable to use an instance of '" . get_class($logger) . "' as logger: " .
                 "a logger must implements ApnsPHP_Log_Interface."
             );
         }
         $this->_logger = $logger;
     }

     /**
      * Get the Logger instance.
      *
      * @return @type ApnsPHP_Log_Interface Current Logger instance.
      */
     public function getLogger()
     {
         return $this->_logger;
     }

     /**
      * Set the Root Certification Authority file.
      *
      * Setting the Root Certification Authority file automatically set peer verification
      * on connect.
      *
      * @see http://tinyurl.com/GeneralProviderRequirements
      * @see http://www.entrust.net/
      * @see https://www.entrust.net/downloads/root_index.cfm
      *
      * @param  $sRootCertificationAuthorityFile @type string Root Certification
      *         Authority file.
      * @throws ApnsPHP_Exception if Root Certification Authority
      *         file is not readable.
      */
     public function setRootCertificationAuthority($sRootCertificationAuthorityFile)
     {
         if (!is_readable($sRootCertificationAuthorityFile)) {
             throw new ApnsPHP_Exception(
                 "Unable to read Certificate Authority file '{$sRootCertificationAuthorityFile}'"
             );
         }
         $this->_sRootCertificationAuthorityFile = $sRootCertificationAuthorityFile;
     }

     /**
      * Get the Root Certification Authority file path.
      *
      * @return @type string Current Root Certification Authority file path.
      */
     public function getCertificateAuthority()
     {
         return $this->_sRootCertificationAuthorityFile;
     }

     /**
      * Set the connection timeout.
      *
      * The default connection timeout is the PHP internal value "default_socket_timeout".
      * @see http://php.net/manual/en/filesystem.configuration.php
      *
      * @param  $nTimeout @type integer Connection timeout in seconds.
      */
     public function setConnectTimeout($nTimeout)
     {
         $this->_nConnectTimeout = (int)$nTimeout;
     }

     /**
      * Get the connection timeout.
      *
      * @return @type integer Connection timeout in seconds.
      */
     public function getConnectTimeout()
     {
         return $this->_nConnectTimeout;
     }

     /**
      * Set the connect retry times value.
      *
      * If the client is unable to connect to the server retries at least for this
      * value. The default connect retry times is 3.
      *
      * @param  $nRetryTimes @type integer Connect retry times.
      */
     public function setConnectRetryTimes($nRetryTimes)
     {
         $this->_nConnectRetryTimes = (int)$nRetryTimes;
     }

     /**
      * Get the connect retry time value.
      *
      * @return @type integer Connect retry times.
      */
     public function getConnectRetryTimes()
     {
         return $this->_nConnectRetryTimes;
     }

     /**
      * Set the connect retry interval.
      *
      * If the client is unable to connect to the server retries at least for ConnectRetryTimes
      * and waits for this value between each attempts.
      *
      * @see setConnectRetryTimes
      *
      * @param  $nRetryInterval @type integer Connect retry interval in micro seconds.
      */
     public function setConnectRetryInterval($nRetryInterval)
     {
         $this->_nConnectRetryInterval = (int)$nRetryInterval;
     }

     /**
      * Get the connect retry interval.
      *
      * @return @type integer Connect retry interval in micro seconds.
      */
     public function getConnectRetryInterval()
     {
         return $this->_nConnectRetryInterval;
     }

     /**
      * Set the TCP socket select timeout.
      *
      * After writing to socket waits for at least this value for read stream to
      * change status.
      *
      * In Apple Push Notification protocol there isn't a real-time
      * feedback about the correctness of notifications pushed to the server; so after
      * each write to server waits at least SocketSelectTimeout. If, during this
      * time, the read stream change its status and socket received an end-of-file
      * from the server the notification pushed to server was broken, the server
      * has closed the connection and the client needs to reconnect.
      *
      * @see http://php.net/stream_select
      *
      * @param  $nSelectTimeout @type integer Socket select timeout in micro seconds.
      */
     public function setSocketSelectTimeout($nSelectTimeout)
     {
         $this->_nSocketSelectTimeout = (int)$nSelectTimeout;
     }

     /**
      * Get the TCP socket select timeout.
      *
      * @return @type integer Socket select timeout in micro seconds.
      */
     public function getSocketSelectTimeout()
     {
         return $this->_nSocketSelectTimeout;
     }

     /**
      * Connects to Apple Push Notification service server.
      *
      * Retries ConnectRetryTimes if unable to connect and waits setConnectRetryInterval
      * between each attempts.
      *
      * @see setConnectRetryTimes
      * @see setConnectRetryInterval
      * @throws ApnsPHP_Exception if is unable to connect after
      *         ConnectRetryTimes.
      */
     public function connect()
     {
         $bConnected = false;
         $nRetry = 0;
         while (!$bConnected) {
             try {
                 $bConnected = $this->_connect();
             } catch (ApnsPHP_Exception $e) {
                 $this->_log('ERROR: ' . $e->getMessage());
                 if ($nRetry >= $this->_nConnectRetryTimes) {
                     throw $e;
                 } else {
                     $this->_log(
                         "INFO: Retry to connect (" . ($nRetry+1) .
                         "/{$this->_nConnectRetryTimes})..."
                     );
                     usleep($this->_nConnectRetryInterval);
                 }
             }
             $nRetry++;
         }
     }

     /**
      * Disconnects from Apple Push Notifications service server.
      *
      * @return @type boolean True if successful disconnected.
      */
     public function disconnect()
     {
         if (is_resource($this->_hSocket)) {
             $this->_log('INFO: Disconnected.');
             return fclose($this->_hSocket);
         }
         return false;
     }

     /**
      * Connects to Apple Push Notification service server.
      *
      * @throws ApnsPHP_Exception if is unable to connect.
      * @return @type boolean True if successful connected.
      */
     protected function _connect()
     {
         $sURL = $this->_aServiceURLs[$this->_nEnvironment];
         unset($aURLs);

         $this->_log("INFO: Trying {$sURL}...");

         /**
          * @see http://php.net/manual/en/context.ssl.php
          */
         $streamContext = stream_context_create(array('ssl' => array(
             //'verify_peer' => isset($this->_sRootCertificationAuthorityFile),
             //'cafile' => $this->_sRootCertificationAuthorityFile,
             'local_cert' => $this->_sProviderCertificateFile,
             'passphrase'=> $this->_sProviderPass//modify by paul
         )));

         $this->_hSocket = @stream_socket_client($sURL, $nError, $sError,
             $this->_nConnectTimeout, STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT, $streamContext);

         if (!$this->_hSocket) {
             throw new ApnsPHP_Exception(
                 "Unable to connect to '{$sURL}': {$sError} ({$nError})"
             );
         }

         stream_set_blocking($this->_hSocket, 0);
         stream_set_write_buffer($this->_hSocket, 0);

         $this->_log("INFO: Connected to {$sURL}.");

         return true;
     }

     /**
      * Logs a message through the Logger.
      *
      * @param  $sMessage @type string The message.
      */
     protected function _log($sMessage)
     {
         if (!isset($this->_logger)) {
             $this->_logger = new ApnsPHP_Log_Embedded();
         }
         $this->_logger->log($sMessage);
     }
 }

5.Pythoh Demo

http://code.google.com/p/apns-python-wrapper/

注意事项：

无论你是在sandbox，还是正式环境下，都是需要申请证书才能连接apns服务的，所以不要心存侥幸，申请的流程自己去搜索一下，值得说明的证书分.p12和.pem格式2种，.net用p12，而下面的php项目用的是pem，这个pem是用苹果下载的2个pem合并的，方法别人也介绍过了，用这个证书，加上密码（如果有密码的话），就可以通过ssl(https)去连接服务器了，这些都正确，你才会连接成功，那才能给手机发信息哦