oracle日志备份恢复
1. 0级全备
备份前数据
SQL> select * from duanbb.t1;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1 111
rman全备
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database; Starting backup at 09-JUL-15 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=63 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00002 name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00001 name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-15 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-15 piece handle=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20150709T022947_bsw56w9p_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T022947 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-15 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-15 piece handle=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsn0_TAG20150709T022947_bsw58yp1_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T022947 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 09-JUL-15
2. 插入一条数据，进行日志备份
SQL> insert into duanbb.t1 values(2, '222');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
SQL> select * from duanbb.t1;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1 111
2 222
RMAN> backup archivelog all delete input; Starting backup at 09-JUL-15 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=473 STAMP=884557194 input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=474 STAMP=884559659 input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=475 STAMP=884568650 input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=476 STAMP=884571491 input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=477 STAMP=884572546 input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=478 STAMP=884572648 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-15 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-15 piece handle=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T023728_bsw5o8w2_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T023728 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s) archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_08/o1_mf_1_3_bsvpl9xj_.arc RECID=473 STAMP=884557194 archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_08/o1_mf_1_4_bsvrzcfm_.arc RECID=474 STAMP=884559659 archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_5_bsw1rb2n_.arc RECID=475 STAMP=884568650 archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_6_bsw4k3pw_.arc RECID=476 STAMP=884571491 archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_7_bsw5l2jy_.arc RECID=477 STAMP=884572546 archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_8_bsw5o8fs_.arc RECID=478 STAMP=884572648 Finished backup at 09-JUL-15
3. 再次插入一条数据，备份日志
SQL> insert into duanbb.t1 values(3, '333'); 1 row created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> alter system checkpoint;
RMAN> backup archivelog all delete input; Starting backup at 09-JUL-15 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=479 STAMP=884572860 input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=480 STAMP=884573073 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-15 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-15 piece handle=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T024433_bsw62kjx_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T024433 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s) archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_9_bsw5vwjy_.arc RECID=479 STAMP=884572860 archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_10_bsw62kbg_.arc RECID=480 STAMP=884573073 Finished backup at 09-JUL-15
三次备份生成的文件:
第一次:全备
o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20150709T022947_bsw56w9p_.bkp
o1_mf_ncsn0_TAG20150709T022947_bsw58yp1_.bkp
第二次:日志
o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T023728_bsw5o8w2_.bkp
第三次: 日志
o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T024433_bsw62kjx_.bkp
4. 完全恢复(自动恢复到最新状态)
RMAN> startup mount connected to target database (not started) Oracle instance started database mounted Total System Global Area 1221992448 bytes Fixed Size 1336176 bytes Variable Size 939527312 bytes Database Buffers 268435456 bytes Redo Buffers 12693504 bytes
RMAN> run {
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> restore database;
4> recover database;
5> sql 'alter database open';
6> }
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=63 device type=DISK
Starting restore at 09-JUL-15
channel c1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel c1: restoring datafile 00001 to /home/oracle11/app/oracle11/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel c1: restoring datafile 00002 to /home/oracle11/app/oracle11/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel c1: restoring datafile 00003 to /home/oracle11/app/oracle11/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel c1: restoring datafile 00004 to /home/oracle11/app/oracle11/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel c1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20150709T022947_bsw56w9p_.bkp
channel c1: piece handle=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20150709T022947_bsw56w9p_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T022947
channel c1: restored backup piece 1
channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:36
Finished restore at 09-JUL-15
Starting recover at 09-JUL-15
starting media recovery
channel c1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel c1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=7
channel c1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=8
channel c1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T023728_bsw5o8w2_.bkp
channel c1: piece handle=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T023728_bsw5o8w2_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T023728
channel c1: restored backup piece 1
channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_7_bsw6gt1l_.arc thread=1 sequence=7
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_7_bsw6gt1l_.arc RECID=482 STAMP=884573466
archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_8_bsw6gt1s_.arc thread=1 sequence=8
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_8_bsw6gt1s_.arc RECID=481 STAMP=884573466
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel c1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=9
channel c1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=10
channel c1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T024433_bsw62kjx_.bkp
channel c1: piece handle=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T024433_bsw62kjx_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T024433
channel c1: restored backup piece 1
channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_9_bsw6gwgm_.arc RECID=483 STAMP=884573468
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_10_bsw6gwgq_.arc RECID=484 STAMP=884573468
Finished recover at 09-JUL-15
sql statement: alter database open
released channel: c1还原后的数据
SQL> select * from duanbb.t1;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1 111
2 222
3 333
5. 按时间点恢复
比如不想恢复“3 333”这条数据，那么只需要恢复到备份2的时间点即可
通过备份出的文件名“o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T023728_bsw5o8w2_.bkp”提取时间戳"2015-07-09 02:37:28"
RMAN> run {
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> SET UNTIL TIME "to_date('2015-07-09 02:37:28','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')";
4> restore database;
5> recover database;
6> sql 'alter database open resetlogs';
7> }
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=63 device type=DISK
executing command: SET until clause
Starting restore at 09-JUL-15
channel c1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel c1: restoring datafile 00001 to /home/oracle11/app/oracle11/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel c1: restoring datafile 00002 to /home/oracle11/app/oracle11/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel c1: restoring datafile 00003 to /home/oracle11/app/oracle11/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel c1: restoring datafile 00004 to /home/oracle11/app/oracle11/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel c1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20150709T022947_bsw56w9p_.bkp
channel c1: piece handle=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20150709T022947_bsw56w9p_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T022947
channel c1: restored backup piece 1
channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished restore at 09-JUL-15
Starting recover at 09-JUL-15
starting media recovery
channel c1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel c1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=7
channel c1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=8
channel c1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T023728_bsw5o8w2_.bkp
channel c1: piece handle=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T023728_bsw5o8w2_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T023728
channel c1: restored backup piece 1
channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_7_bswfr68o_.arc thread=1 sequence=7
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_7_bswfr68o_.arc RECID=492 STAMP=884580934
archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_8_bswfr69b_.arc thread=1 sequence=8
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/home/oracle11/app/oracle11/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_8_bswfr69b_.arc RECID=491 STAMP=884580934
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 09-JUL-15
sql statement: alter database open resetlogs
released channel: c1恢复后的数据
SQL> select * from duanbb.t1;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1 111
2 222
总结:
1. 0级全备
backup incremental level 0 database;
2. 日志备份
backup archivelog all delete input;
3. 完全恢复
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
restore database;
recover database;
sql 'alter database open';
}
4. 不完全恢复（按时间点）
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
SET UNTIL TIME "to_date('2015-07-09 02:37:28','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')";
restore database;
recover database;
sql 'alter database open resetlogs';
}