Struts 2与AJAX(第二部分)
在上一篇文章《Struts 2与AJAX(第一部分)》,我已经简单地介绍了<s:tree />的一些用法,接下来我将继续深入讲解<s:tree />的使用和通过DWR实现AJAX校验。
更多<s:tree />
在Struts 2的showcase中有两个<s:tree />的例子,分别是静态树与动态树。所谓的静态树即是在编写JSP代码时通过<s:treenode />生成树节点。我的上一篇文章的例子就是一个典型的静态树。而动态树则是在程序运行期间,Struts 2 运行时(Runtime)根据程序中的数据动态创建树节点。虽然在两个例子中<s:tree />的theme属性都为“ajax”,但是从严格意义上来说,这两种树都不属于AJAX树,因为它们都是在输出页面时将全部节点加载到其中,而不是在父节点展开时通过XHR(XMLHttpRequest)获取节点数据。
动态树
下面我们先看一下动态树的例子,接着再一步步地将其改造为名副其实的AJAX 树。下例将会把WEB应用程序的目录树展现在JSP页面中。因此,我需要先包装一下java.io.File 类,代码如下:
package
tutorial;
import
java.io.File;
public
class
FileWrapper
{
private File file;
public FileWrapper(String path) {
file = new File(path);
}
public FileWrapper(File file) {
this.file = file;
}
public String getId() {
return "file_" + file.hashCode();
}
public String getName() {
return file.getName();
}
public String getAbsolutePath() {
return file.getAbsolutePath();
}
public FileWrapper[] getChildren() {
File[] files = file.listFiles();
if(files != null && files.length > 0) {
int length = files.length;
FileWrapper[] wrappers = new FileWrapper[length];
for(int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
wrappers[i] = new FileWrapper(files[i]);
}
return wrappers;
}
return new FileWrapper[0];
}
}
清单1 src/tutorial/FileWrapper.java
之所以需要对File类进行如此包装,是因为<s:tree />用于动态树时,rootNode、nodeIdProperty、nodeTitleProperty 和 childCollectionProperty等属性都必填的。
然后是Action类的代码如下:
package
tutorial;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import
com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public
class
DynamicTreeAction
extends
ActionSupport
implements
ServletRequestAware
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1128593047269036737L;
private HttpServletRequest request;
private FileWrapper root;
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
this.request = request;
}
public FileWrapper getRoot() {
return root;
}
@Override
public String execute() {
root = new FileWrapper(request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/"));
return SUCCESS;
}
}
清单2 src/tutorial/DynamicTreeAction.java
上述代码取得WEB应用程序的根目录的绝对路径后,初始化FileWrapper对象root。该对象将为JSP页面的<s:tree />的根节点。如下代码所示:
<%
@ page language
=
"
java
"
contentType
=
"
text/html; charset=utf-8
"
pageEncoding
=
"
utf-8
"
%>
<%
@ taglib prefix
=
"
s
"
uri
=
"
/struts-tags
"
%>
<!
DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"
>
<
html
xmlns
="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
Struts 2 AJAX - More Tree
</
title
>
<
s:head
theme
="ajax"
debug
="true"
/>
<
script
type
="text/javascript"
>
/*
<![CDATA[
*/
function
treeNodeSelected(arg) {
alert(arg.source.title
+
' selected');
}
function
treeNodeExpanded(arg) {
alert(arg.source.title
+
' expanded');
}
function
treeNodeCollapsed(arg) {
alert(arg.source.title
+
' collapsed');
}
dojo.addOnLoad(
function
() {
var
t
=
dojo.widget.byId('appFiles');
dojo.event.topic.subscribe(t.eventNames.expand, treeNodeExpanded);
dojo.event.topic.subscribe(t.eventNames.collapse, treeNodeCollapsed);
var
s
=
t.selector;
dojo.event.connect(s, 'select', 'treeNodeSelected');
});
/*
]]>
*/
</
script
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h2
>
Dynamic Tree Example
</
h2
>
<
div
style
="float:left; margin-right: 50px;"
>
<
s:tree
id
="appFiles"
theme
="ajax"
rootNode
="root"
nodeTitleProperty
="name"
nodeIdProperty
="id"
childCollectionProperty
="children"
/>
</
div
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
清单3 WebContent/Tree.jsp
因为<s:tree />的treeCollapsedTopic和treeExpandedTopic属性都没有起作用,所以如果我们想要监听这两个事件,就必须使用上述代码的方法。
最后是struts.xml配置文件:
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
<!
DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"
>
<
struts
>
<
package
name
="Struts2_AJAX_DEMO"
extends
="struts-default"
>
<
action
name
="DynamicTree"
class
="tutorial.DynamicTreeAction"
>
<
result
>
Tree.jsp
</
result
>
</
action
>
</
package
>
</
struts
>
清单4 src/struts.xml
发布运行应用程序,在浏览器地址栏中键入http://localhost:8080/Struts2_Ajax2/DynamicTree.action,有如下图所示页面:
图1 动态树示例
AJAX 树
正如我在文章开头所说,Struts 2所提供的静态树和动态树都不是严格意义上的AJAX树。下面就让我们来实现一个如假包换的AJAX树。首先要说明的是,Struts 2的<s:tree />默认是不支持这种按需加载数据的AJAX树。不过因为它是基于Dojo的树控件(Widget)所以要扩展也很方便。
Dojo 通过名为“TreeRPCController”的控件实现 AJAX 树,它会监听被控制树的事件。当发生展开节点的事件时,TreeRPCController就会向URL发送XHR请求,该URL由TreeRPCController的RPCUrl 属性定义。XHR请求格式类似如下格式:
http://localhost:
8080
/Struts2_Ajax2/AjaxTree.action?action
=
getChildren&data
=
{
"
node
"
:{
"
widgetId
"
:
"
file_226092423
"
,
"
objectId
"
:
"
C://Program Files//Tomcat 5.5//webapps//Struts2_Ajax2
"
,
"
index
"
:
0
,
"
isFolder
"
:true}
,
"
tree
"
:{
"
widgetId
"
:
"
appFiles
"
,
"
objectId
"
:
""
}}&dojo.preventCache
=
1182913465392
清单5 XHR样本
显而易见,请求中包含三个参数,分别是action为“getChildren”(固定值),data一个包含当前节点与树信息的JSON串和dojo.preventCache随机串,用于缓存不同节点的请求响应(父节点只会在第一次被展开时到服务器端加载数据,之后都是从浏览器的缓存中读取数据,可以提高应用程序性能)。
首先我要先写一个加载树节点数据的Action类,代码如下:
package
tutorial;
import
java.util.Map;
import
com.googlecode.jsonplugin.JSONExeption;
import
com.googlecode.jsonplugin.JSONUtil;
public
class
AjaxTreeAction
extends
DynamicTreeAction
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 3970019751740942311L;
private String action;
private String data;
private FileWrapper[] wrappers;
public void setAction(String action) {
this.action = action;
}
public void setData(String data) {
this.data = data;
}
public FileWrapper[] getWrappers() {
return wrappers;
}
@Override
public String execute() {
if("getChildren".equals(action)) {
try {
Object o = JSONUtil.deserialize(data);
String path = ((Map) ((Map) o).get("node")).get("objectId").toString();
wrappers = new FileWrapper(path).getChildren();
} catch (JSONExeption e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "ajax";
}
return super.execute();
}
}
清单6 src/tutorial/AjaxTreeAction.java
上述代码可能需要解释一下:
- action属性对应于XHR中的action,如果它为“getChildren”时,则需要进行加载子节点操作。否则,会读取树的根节点,并返回JSP页面;
- 通过上面XHR的分析,大家可以知道data是代表树和当前节点的JSON串,故应将其反串行化为Map对象,并将其 objectId属性取出。通常情况下,Dojo树的objectId属性代表服务器端的对象的标识,在本例中为文件夹的绝对路径;
- wrappers属性表示当前文件夹下的文件数组,它被传送到Freemarker页面,翻译为Dojo树节点数组的JSON串。
下面是Freemarker页面的代码:
[
<
#list
wrappers as r
>
{ "title": "${r.name}", "isFolder":
<
#if
r.children?size gt 0
>
true
<
#else
>
false
</
#if
>
, "id": "${r.id}", "objectId": "${r.absolutePath?js_string}" }
<
#if
r_has_next
>
,
</
#if
>
</
#list
>
]
清单7 WebContent/AjaxTree.ftl
以上代码中<#list></#lsit>的写法是Freemarker中遍历集合的写法;而<#if r.children?size gt 0>判断“r”对象的children属性是否为空;r.absolutePath?js_string 就是将“r”的absolutePath属性的值输出为Javascript 的字串符形式;<#if r_has_next></#if>判断集合是否有下一项数据。如果希望更详细地了解Freemarker的使用,请参考该手册。
接下来,让我们看看Action的配置代码片段:
<
action
name
="AjaxTree"
class
="tutorial.AjaxTreeAction"
>
<
result
>
AjaxTree.jsp
</
result
>
<
result
name
="ajax"
type
="freemarker"
>
AjaxTree.ftl
</
result
>
</
action
>
清单8 src/struts.xml配置片段
最后是JSP页面代码:
<%
@ page language
=
"
java
"
contentType
=
"
text/html; charset=utf-8
"
pageEncoding
=
"
utf-8
"
%>
<%
@ taglib prefix
=
"
s
"
uri
=
"
/struts-tags
"
%>
<!
DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"
>
<
html
xmlns
="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
Struts 2 AJAX - More Tree
</
title
>
<
s:head
theme
="ajax"
debug
="true"
/>
<
script
type
="text/javascript"
>
/*
<![CDATA[
*/
function
treeNodeSelected(arg) {
alert(arg.source.title
+
' selected');
}
dojo.addOnLoad(
function
() {
var
t
=
dojo.widget.byId('appFiles');
var
s
=
t.selector;
dojo.event.connect(s, 'select', 'treeNodeSelected');
});
/*
]]>
*/
</
script
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h2
>
AJAX Tree Example
</
h2
>
<
div
style
="float:left; margin-right: 50px;"
>
<
script
type
="text/javascript"
>
/*
<![CDATA[
*/
dojo.require(
"
dojo.lang.*
"
);
dojo.require(
"
dojo.widget.*
"
);
dojo.require(
"
dojo.widget.Tree
"
);
dojo.require(
"
dojo.widget.TreeRPCController
"
);
/*
]]>
*/
</
script
>
<
div
dojoType
="TreeRPCController"
widgetId
="treeController"
DNDcontroller
="create"
RPCUrl
="<s:url />"
></
div
>
<
div
dojoType
="Tree"
widgetId
="appFiles"
toggle
="fade"
controller
="treeController"
>
<
div
dojoType
="TreeNode"
title
='<s:property
value
="root.name"
/>
'
widgetId='
<
s:property
value
="root.id"
/>
'
isFolder='
<
s:property
value
="root.children.length > 0"
/>
'
objectId='
<
s:property
value
="root.absolutePath"
/>
'>
</
div
>
</
div
>
</
div
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
清单9 WebContent/AjaxTree.jsp
由于上面所提及的原因,我在上述的代码中并没有使用<s:tree />标志,而是使用了Dojo的写法——创建 widgetId 为“treeController”的 TreeRPCController 并将设为树的控制器。
发布运行应用程序,在浏览器地址栏中键入http://localhost:8080/Struts2_Ajax2/AjaxTree.action,点开某个节点,在节点加载的过程中,加号图标变成时钟状图标,如下图所示页面:
图2 AJAX树示例
自定义<s:tree />的AJAX的主题(theme)
Struts 2的标志过人之外在于它允许开发人员自定义标志的页面输出。要做到这一点,你所需要做的只是创建一个自定义的theme并将其应用到相应标志。下面就让我自定义一个真正的AJAX的<s:tree/>的theme。
首先,你的源文件的根目录下新建包“template.realajax”。
然后,在上一步所建的包中新建“tree.ftl”文件,内容如下:
<
script
type
="text/javascript"
>
/*
<![CDATA[
*/
dojo.require(
"
dojo.lang.*
"
);
dojo.require(
"
dojo.widget.*
"
);
dojo.require(
"
dojo.widget.Tree
"
);
dojo.require(
"
dojo.widget.TreeRPCController
"
);
<
#
--
Added by Max
-->
/*
]]>
*/
</
script
>
<
#--
Added by Max --
>
<
div
dojoType
="TreeRPCController"
widgetId
="${parameters.id?html}_controller"
DNDcontroller
="create"
RPCUrl
="<@s.url />"
>
</
div
>
<
#--
End --
>
<
div
dojoType
="Tree"
<#if parameters.blankIconSrc?exists
>
gridIconSrcT="
<
@s
.url value
='${parameters.blankIconSrc}'
encode
="false"
includeParams
='none'
/>
"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.gridIconSrcL?exists
>
gridIconSrcL="
<
@s
.url value
='${parameters.gridIconSrcL}'
encode
="false"
includeParams
='none'
/>
"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.gridIconSrcV?exists
>
gridIconSrcV="
<
@s
.url value
='${parameters.gridIconSrcV}'
encode
="false"
includeParams
='none'
/>
"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.gridIconSrcP?exists
>
gridIconSrcP="
<
@s
.url value
='${parameters.gridIconSrcP}'
encode
="false"
includeParams
='none'
/>
"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.gridIconSrcC?exists
>
gridIconSrcC="
<
@s
.url value
='${parameters.gridIconSrcC}'
encode
="false"
includeParams
='none'
/>
"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.gridIconSrcX?exists
>
gridIconSrcX="
<
@s
.url value
='${parameters.gridIconSrcX}'
encode
="false"
includeParams
='none'
/>
"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.gridIconSrcY?exists
>
gridIconSrcY="
<
@s
.url value
='${parameters.gridIconSrcY}'
encode
="false"
includeParams
='none'
/>
"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.gridIconSrcZ?exists
>
gridIconSrcZ="
<
@s
.url value
='${parameters.gridIconSrcZ}'
encode
="false"
includeParams
='none'
/>
"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.expandIconSrcPlus?exists
>
expandIconSrcPlus="
<
@s
.url value
='${parameters.expandIconSrcPlus}'
includeParams
='none'
/>
"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.expandIconSrcMinus?exists
>
expandIconSrcMinus="
<
@s
.url value
='${parameters.expandIconSrcMinus?html}'
includeParams
='none'
/>
"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.iconWidth?exists
>
iconWidth="
<
@s
.url value
='${parameters.iconWidth?html}'
encode
="false"
includeParams
='none'
/>
"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.iconHeight?exists
>
iconHeight="
<
@s
.url value
='${parameters.iconHeight?html}'
encode
="false"
includeParams
='none'
/>
"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.toggleDuration?exists
>
toggleDuration=${parameters.toggleDuration?c}
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.templateCssPath?exists
>
templateCssPath="
<
@s
.url value
='${parameters.templateCssPath}'
encode
="false"
includeParams
='none'
/>
"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.showGrid?exists
>
showGrid="${parameters.showGrid?default(true)?string}"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.showRootGrid?exists
>
showRootGrid="${parameters.showRootGrid?default(true)?string}"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.id?exists
>
id="${parameters.id?html}"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.treeSelectedTopic?exists
>
publishSelectionTopic="${parameters.treeSelectedTopic?html}"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.treeExpandedTopic?exists
>
publishExpandedTopic="${parameters.treeExpandedTopic?html}"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.treeCollapsedTopic?exists
>
publishCollapsedTopic="${parameters.treeCollapsedTopic?html}"
</
#if
>
<
#if
parameters.toggle?exists
>
toggle="${parameters.toggle?html}"
</
#if
>
controller="${parameters.id?html}_controller"
<
#--
Added by Max --
>
>
<
#if
parameters.label?exists
>
<
div
dojoType
="TreeNode"
title
="${parameters.label?html}"
<#if parameters.nodeIdProperty?exists
>
id="${stack.findValue(parameters.nodeIdProperty)}"
<
#else
>
id="${parameters.id}_root"
</
#if
>
>
<
#elseif
parameters.rootNode?exists
>
${stack.push(parameters.rootNode)}
<
#--
Edited by Max --
>
<
div
dojoType
="TreeNode"
title
="${stack.findValue(parameters.nodeTitleProperty)}"
widgetId
="${stack.findValue(parameters.nodeIdProperty)}"
isFolder
="<#if stack.findValue(parameters.childCollectionProperty)?size gt 0>true<#else>false</#if>"
objectId
="${stack.findValue(parameters.nameValue)}"
>
</
div
>
<
#--
End --
>
<
#assign
oldNode
= stack.pop()
/>
<
#--
pop the node off of the stack, but don't show it --
>
</
#if
>
清单10 src/template/realajax/tree.ftl
对上述稍作解释,上述代码主要在原版的src/template/ajax/tree.ftl的基础上添加了TreeRPCController的控件,并只输出根节点。由于<s:tree />没有类似nodeObjectIdProperty的属性,所以我用了value属性表示objectId对应的属性名称。
接着新建tree-close.ftl文件,内容和原版的一样,如下所示:
<
#if
parameters.label?exists
></
div
></
#if
></
div
>
清单11 src/template/realajax/tree-close.ftl
再下来就应该是将theme应用到<s:tree />,如下代码所示:
<%
@ page language
=
"
java
"
contentType
=
"
text/html; charset=utf-8
"
pageEncoding
=
"
utf-8
"
%>
<%
@ taglib prefix
=
"
s
"
uri
=
"
/struts-tags
"
%>
<!
DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"
>
<
html
xmlns
="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
Struts 2 AJAX - More Tree
</
title
>
<
s:head
theme
="ajax"
debug
="true"
/>
<
script
type
="text/javascript"
>
/*
<![CDATA[
*/
function
treeNodeSelected(arg) {
alert(arg.source.title
+
' selected');
}
dojo.addOnLoad(
function
() {
var
t
=
dojo.widget.byId('appFiles');
var
s
=
t.selector;
dojo.event.connect(s, 'select', 'treeNodeSelected');
});
/*
]]>
*/
</
script
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h2
>
AJAX Tree Example
</
h2
>
<
div
style
="float:left; margin-right: 50px;"
>
<
s:tree
id
="appFiles"
theme
="realajax"
rootNode
="root"
nodeTitleProperty
="name"
nodeIdProperty
="id"
childCollectionProperty
="children"
value
="absolutePath"
/>
</
div
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
清单12 WebContent/AjaxTreeTheme.jsp
上述代码中<s:tree />的用法,除了theme改为“realajax”和多了value="absolutePath"外,几乎和静态树中的一样。
为了不影响前一个例子,我们为该JSP文件配置类型相同的Action,如下代码所示:
<
action
name
="AjaxTreeTheme"
class
="tutorial.AjaxTreeAction"
>
<
result
>
AjaxTreeTheme.jsp
</
result
>
<
result
name
="ajax"
type
="freemarker"
>
AjaxTree.ftl
</
result
>
</
action
>
清单13 src/struts.xml配置片段
发布运行应用程序,在浏览器地址栏中键入http://localhost:8080/Struts2_Ajax2/AjaxTreeTheme.action,结果如图2所示。
总结
通过上述例子,大家知道Struts 2 的AJAX 标志是基于Dojo控件开发的,所以如果大家希望熟练地使用这些标志,最好去了解一下Dojo。
本来还打算介绍一下Struts 2与DWR,不过看看文章的篇幅似乎足够自成一篇了,因此DWR相关的内容要留待下文继续了。