Git服务器Gitosis架设指南

Git是非常著名的分布式版本控制系统。
Gitosis则是方便通过Git与ssh架设中央服务器的软件。 这篇文章的安装流程写得很明了，但使用中还是遇到了些许问题，本文算是该流程的补充。如果打算通过Gitosis架设服务器通过本文或许可以少走不少弯路。

一、架设步骤

1. 下载并安装python setuptools

sudo apt-get install python-setuptools

2. 下载并安装gitosis

cd ~/src
git clone git://eagain.net/gitosis.git
cd gitosis
python setup.py install

3. 添加用户git

sudo adduser \
    --system \
    --shell /bin/sh \
    --gecos 'git version control' \
    --group \
    --disabled-password \
    --home /home/git \
    git

4. 生成本机密钥

切换到个人机，如果已有~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub略过此步
ssh-keygen -t rsa

5. 上传密钥到服务器临时目录

scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 用户名@主机:/tmp

6. 初使化gitosis

切回到服务器
sudo -H -u git gitosis-init < /tmp/id_rsa.pub

7. 修改post-update权限

sudo chmod 755 /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hooks/post-update

8. clone gitosis管理平台

git clone git@主机名:gitosis-admin.git
cd gitosis-admin

9. 安装完成

通过修改gitosis-admin管理gitosis用户权限
添加公密到keydir，添加用户
修改完后commit，push到中服务器即可完成仓库权限的相关操作。

二、实例

目标：添加用户 john 和仓库 foo 到gitosis，并和管理员miao合作管理

1. 用户john添加并发送id_rsa.pub给miao

john:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/john/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/john/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/john/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/john/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

john:~$ cp /home/john/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /tmp

2. gitosis管理员miao分配john权限

miao:~$ cd ~/projects

git clone [email protected]:gitosis-admin

cd gitosis-admin

cat gitosis.conf

[gitosis]

[group gitosis-admin]
writable = gitosis-admin
members = miao@u32-192-168-1-110

ls keydir/

[email protected]

cp /tmp/id_rsa.pub keydir/john.pub

vi gitosis.conf

[gitosis]

[group gitosis-admin]
writable = gitosis-admin
members = miao@u32-192-168-1-110

[group foo]
writable = foo
members = miao@u32-192-168-1-110 john

git add .

git commit -am "add member john and project foo"

git push

3. 用户 miao 添加项目foo

miao:~$ cd ~/projects

mkdir foo

cd foo

git init

touch hello.txt

git add hello.txt

git commit -am 'first commit'

git remote add origin [email protected]:foo.git

git push origin master

4. 用户 john clone Foo并修改hello.txt

john:~$ git clone [email protected]:foo.git

cd foo

ls

date > hello.txt

git commit -am 'add time to hello.txt' && git push

5. 用户 miao pull Foo

miao:~/projects/foo$ vi .git/config

[core]
	repositoryformatversion = 0
	filemode = true
	bare = false
	logallrefupdates = true
[remote "origin"]
	url = [email protected]:foo.git
	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
[branch "master"]
	remote = origin
	merge = refs/heads/master

git pull

三、常见问题

首先确定 /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hooks/post-update 为可执行即属性为 0755

1. git操作需要输入密码

原因

公密未找到

解决

上传id_pub.rsa到keydir并改为'gitosis帐号.pub'形式，如miao.pub。扩展名.pub不可省略

2. ERROR:gitosis.serve.main:Repository read access denied

原因

gitosis.conf中的members与keydir中的用户名不一致，如gitosis中的members = foo@bar，但keydir中的公密名却叫foo.pub

解决

使keydir的名称与gitosis中members所指的名称一致。
改为members = foo 或 公密名称改为[email protected]

3. 相关链接

安装流程(英文)
ssh无密码登入设置