RMI的本质就是实现在不同JVM之间的调用,它的实现方法就是在两个JVM中各开一个Stub和Skeleton,二者通过socket通信来实现参数和返回值的传递。
stub:为屏蔽客户调用远程主机上的对象,必须提供某种方式来模拟本地对象,这种本地对象称为存根(stub),存根负责接收本地方法调用,并将它们委派给各自的具体实现对象。
有关RMI的例子代码网上可以找到不少,但绝大部分都是通过extend the interface Java.rmi.Remote实现,已经封装的很完善了,不免使人有雾里看花的感觉。下面的例子是我在《Enterprise JavaBeans》里看到的,虽然很粗糙,但很直观,利于很快了解它的工作原理。
Ⅰ:RMI工作原理(自定义实现一个Stub 和 Skeleton)
1. 定义一个Person的接口,其中有两个business method, getAge() 和getName()
Person代码:
- public interface Person {
- public int getAge() throws Throwable;
- public String getName() throws Throwable;
- }
2. Person的实现PersonServer类
PersonServer代码:
- public class PersonServer implements Person {
- private int age;
- private String name;
- public PersonServer(String name, int age) {
- this.age = age;
- this.name = name;
- }
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- }
3. 好,我们现在要在Client机器上调用getAge()和getName()这两个business method,那么就得编写相应的Stub(Client端)和Skeleton(Server端)程序。这是Stub的实现:
Person_Stub代码:
//存根(stub)Person_Stub的实现:
- import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
- import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
- import java.net.Socket;
- public class Person_Stub implements Person {
- private Socket socket;
- public Person_Stub() throws Throwable {
- // connect to skeleton
- socket = new Socket("computer_name", 9000);
- }
- public int getAge() throws Throwable {
- // pass method name to skeleton
- ObjectOutputStream outStream =
- new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
- outStream.writeObject("age");
- outStream.flush();
- ObjectInputStream inStream =
- new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
- return inStream.readInt();
- }
- public String getName() throws Throwable {
- // pass method name to skeleton
- ObjectOutputStream outStream =
- new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
- outStream.writeObject("name");
- outStream.flush();
- ObjectInputStream inStream =
- new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
- return (String)inStream.readObject();
- }
- }
注意,Person_Stub和PersonServer一样,都implements Person。它们都实现了getAge()和getName()两个business method,不同的是PersonServer是真的实现,Person_Stub是建立socket连接,并向Skeleton发请求,然后通过Skeleton调用PersonServer的方法,最后接收返回的结果。
4. 骨架(Skeleton)的实现
Person_Skeleton代码:
- import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
- import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
- import java.net.Socket;
- import java.net.ServerSocket;
- public class Person_Skeleton extends Thread {
- private PersonServer myServer;
- public Person_Skeleton(PersonServer server) {
- // get reference of object server
- this.myServer = server;
- }
- public void run() {
- try {
- // new socket at port 9000
- ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
- // accept stub's request
- Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
- while (socket != null) {
- // get stub's request
- ObjectInputStream inStream =
- new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
- String method = (String)inStream.readObject();
- // check method name
- if (method.equals("age")) {
- // execute object server's business method
- int age = myServer.getAge();
- ObjectOutputStream outStream =
- new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
- // return result to stub
- outStream.writeInt(age);
- outStream.flush();
- }
- if(method.equals("name")) {
- // execute object server's business method
- String name = myServer.getName();
- ObjectOutputStream outStream =
- new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
- // return result to stub
- outStream.writeObject(name);
- outStream.flush();
- }
- }
- } catch(Throwable t) {
- t.printStackTrace();
- System.exit(0);
- }
- }
- public static void main(String args []) {
- // new object server
- PersonServer person = new PersonServer("Richard", 34);
- Person_Skeleton skel = new Person_Skeleton(person);
- skel.start();
- }
- }
Skeleton类 extends from Thread,它长驻在后台运行,随时接收client发过来的request。并根据发送过来的key去调用相应的business method。
5. 最后一个,Client的实现
PersonClient 代码:
- public class PersonClient {
- public static void main(String [] args) {
- try {
- Person person = new Person_Stub();
- int age = person.getAge();
- String name = person.getName();
- System.out.println(name + " is " + age + " years old");
- } catch(Throwable t) {
- t.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
Client(PersonClient)的本质是,它要知道Person接口的定义,并实例一个Person_Stub,通过Stub来调用business method,至于Stub怎么去和Server沟通,Client就不用管了。
注意它的写法:
Person person = new Person_Stub();而不是Person_Stub person = new Person_Stub();为什么?因为要面向接口编程嘛,呵呵。
//RMI实质上就是生成2个类stub,skeleton来进行参数和返回值的传递,采用值传递方式
//类似于以前写的聊天室程序,被传递的对象应实现java.io.Serializable接口