MySQL实现树的遍历

经常在一个表中有父子关系的两个字段，比如empno与manager，这种结构中需要用到树的遍历。在Oracle 中可以使用connect by简单解决问题，参见http://blog.csdn.net/wzy0623/archive/2007/06/18/1656345.aspx，但MySQL 5.1中还不支持（据说已纳入to do中），要自己写过程或函数来实现。

一、建立测试表和数据：

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `channel`;

CREATE TABLE `channel` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `cname` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
  `parent_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=19 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

/*Data for the table `channel` */

insert  into `channel`(`id`,`cname`,`parent_id`)
values (13,'首页',-1),
       (14,'TV580',-1),
       (15,'生活580',-1),
       (16,'左上幻灯片',13),
       (17,'帮忙',14),
       (18,'栏目简介',17);

 

二、利用临时表和递归过程实现树的遍历（mysql的UDF不能递归调用）：

DELIMITER $$

USE `db1`$$


-- 从某节点向下遍历子节点
-- 递归生成临时表数据
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `createChildLst`$$

CREATE PROCEDURE `createChildLst`(IN rootId INT,IN nDepth INT)
BEGIN
      DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
      DECLARE b INT;
      DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT id FROM channel WHERE parent_id=rootId;
      DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1;
      SET max_sp_recursion_depth=12;

      INSERT INTO tmpLst VALUES (NULL,rootId,nDepth);

      OPEN cur1;

      FETCH cur1 INTO b;
      WHILE done=0 DO
              CALL createChildLst(b,nDepth+1);
              FETCH cur1 INTO b;
      END WHILE;

      CLOSE cur1;
     END$$


-- 从某节点向上追溯根节点
-- 递归生成临时表数据
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `createParentLst`$$

CREATE PROCEDURE `createParentLst`(IN rootId INT,IN nDepth INT)
BEGIN
      DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
      DECLARE b INT;
      DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT parent_id FROM channel WHERE id=rootId;
      DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1;
      SET max_sp_recursion_depth=12;

      INSERT INTO tmpLst VALUES (NULL,rootId,nDepth);

      OPEN cur1;

      FETCH cur1 INTO b;
      WHILE done=0 DO
              CALL createParentLst(b,nDepth+1);
              FETCH cur1 INTO b;
      END WHILE;

      CLOSE cur1;
     END$$


-- 实现类似Oracle SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH的功能
-- 递归过程输出某节点id路径
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `createPathLst`$$

CREATE PROCEDURE `createPathLst`(IN nid INT,IN delimit VARCHAR(10),INOUT pathstr VARCHAR(1000))
BEGIN
      DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
      DECLARE parentid INT DEFAULT 0;
      DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR
      SELECT t.parent_id,CONCAT(CAST(t.parent_id AS CHAR),delimit,pathstr)
        FROM channel AS t WHERE t.id = nid;

      DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1;
      SET max_sp_recursion_depth=12;

      OPEN cur1;

      FETCH cur1 INTO parentid,pathstr;
      WHILE done=0 DO
              CALL createPathLst(parentid,delimit,pathstr);
              FETCH cur1 INTO parentid,pathstr;
      END WHILE;

      CLOSE cur1;
     END$$


-- 递归过程输出某节点name路径
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `createPathnameLst`$$

CREATE PROCEDURE `createPathnameLst`(IN nid INT,IN delimit VARCHAR(10),INOUT pathstr VARCHAR(1000))
BEGIN
      DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
      DECLARE parentid INT DEFAULT 0;
      DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR
      SELECT t.parent_id,CONCAT(t.cname,delimit,pathstr)
        FROM channel AS t WHERE t.id = nid;

      DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1;
      SET max_sp_recursion_depth=12;

      OPEN cur1;

      FETCH cur1 INTO parentid,pathstr;
      WHILE done=0 DO
              CALL createPathnameLst(parentid,delimit,pathstr);
              FETCH cur1 INTO parentid,pathstr;
      END WHILE;

      CLOSE cur1;
     END$$


-- 调用函数输出id路径
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `fn_tree_path`$$

CREATE FUNCTION `fn_tree_path`(nid INT,delimit VARCHAR(10)) RETURNS VARCHAR(2000) CHARSET utf8
BEGIN
  DECLARE pathid VARCHAR(1000);

  SET @pathid=CAST(nid AS CHAR);
  CALL createPathLst(nid,delimit,@pathid);

  RETURN @pathid;
END$$


-- 调用函数输出name路径
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `fn_tree_pathname`$$

CREATE FUNCTION `fn_tree_pathname`(nid INT,delimit VARCHAR(10)) RETURNS VARCHAR(2000) CHARSET utf8
BEGIN
  DECLARE pathid VARCHAR(1000);

  SET @pathid='';
  CALL createPathnameLst(nid,delimit,@pathid);

  RETURN @pathid;
END$$


-- 调用过程输出子节点
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `showChildLst`$$

CREATE PROCEDURE `showChildLst`(IN rootId INT)
BEGIN
      DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS tmpLst;
      CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tmpLst
       (sno INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,id INT,depth INT);

      CALL createChildLst(rootId,0);

      SELECT channel.id,CONCAT(SPACE(tmpLst.depth*2),'--',channel.cname) NAME,channel.parent_id,tmpLst.depth,fn_tree_path(channel.id,'/') path,fn_tree_pathname(channel.id,'/') pathname
      FROM tmpLst,channel WHERE tmpLst.id=channel.id ORDER BY tmpLst.sno;
     END$$

-- 调用过程输出父节点
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `showParentLst`$$

CREATE PROCEDURE `showParentLst`(IN rootId INT)
BEGIN
      DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS tmpLst;
      CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tmpLst
       (sno INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,id INT,depth INT);

      CALL createParentLst(rootId,0);

      SELECT channel.id,CONCAT(SPACE(tmpLst.depth*2),'--',channel.cname) NAME,channel.parent_id,tmpLst.depth,fn_tree_path(channel.id,'/') path,fn_tree_pathname(channel.id,'/') pathname
      FROM tmpLst,channel WHERE tmpLst.id=channel.id ORDER BY tmpLst.sno;
     END$$


DELIMITER ;

三、测试

CALL showChildLst(-1);
CALL showChildLst(13);
CALL showChildLst(14);
CALL showChildLst(17);
CALL showChildLst(18);

CALL showParentLst(-1);
CALL showParentLst(13);
CALL showParentLst(14);
CALL showParentLst(17);
CALL showParentLst(18);

四、遗留问题
1. 因为mysql对动态游标的支持不够，所以要想做成通用的过程或函数比较困难，可以利用两个临时表来转换（同时去掉了递归调用）参考http://jan.kneschke.de/projects/mysql/sp/sp_tree.sql，是个相对通用的实现。
2. 目前来看无论哪种实现，效率都不太好，希望mysql自己能实现oracle 的connect by 功能，应该会比较优化。

 

参考：MySQL中进行树状所有子节点的查询