shell实例(二十) ---seq，getopt,dd,mcookie,m4命令

1.使用seq命令产生循环参数

#! /bin/sh
echo
for a in `seq 80`
do
  echo -n "$a "
done

echo;echo
COUNT=80
for a in `seq $COUNT`
do
  echo -n "$a "
done

echo;echo
BEGIN=75
END=80

for a in `seq $BEGIN $END`
do
  echo -n "$a "
done

echo;echo

BEGIN=45
INTERVAL=5
END=80

for a in `seq $BEGIN $INTERVAL $END`
do
  echo -n "$a "
done
echo;echo

exit 0

 

2.字母统计

#! /bin/sh
MINARGS=2
E_BADARGS=65
FILE=$1
let LETTERS=$#-1

show_help(){
  echo
  echo Usage: `basename $0` file letters
  echo Note: `basename $0` arguments are case sensitive.
  echo Example: `basename $0` foobar.txt G n U L i N U x.
  echo
}

if [ $# -lt $MINARGS ]
then
  echo
  echo "Not enough arguments."
  echo
  show_help
  exit $E_BADARGS
fi

if [ ! -f $FILE ]
then
  echo "File /"$FILE/" does not exist."
  exit $E_BADARGS
fi

for n in `seq $LETTERS`
do
 shift
 if [[ `echo -n "$1" | wc -c` -eq 1 ]]
 then
   echo "$1" -/> `cat $FILE | tr -cd "$1" | wc -c`   ------tr -cd "$1"以字节为单位删除除$1以外的所有字符
 else
   echo "$1 is not a single char."
 fi
done

exit $?

 

3.使用getopt来分析命令行选项

#! /bin/sh
E_OPTERR=65
if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]
then
  echo "Usage $0 -[options a,b,c]"
  exit $E_OPTERR
fi

set -- `getopt "abcd:" "$@"`
while [ ! -z "$1" ]
do
  case "$1" in
  -a) echo "Option /"a/"";;
  -b) echo "Option /"b/"";;
  -c) echo "Option /"c/"";;
  -d) echo "Option /"d/"";;
  *) break;;
  esac

 shift
done

exit 0

 

4.记录按键

#! /bin/sh
keypresses=4

old_tty_setting=$(stty -g)
echo "Press $keypresses keys."
stty -icanon -echo
keys=$(dd bs=1 count=$keypresses 2>/dev/null)
stty "$old_tty_setting"
echo "You pressed the /"$keys/" keys."
exit 0

 

5.安全的删除一个文件

#! /bin/sh
PASSES=7
BLOCKSIZE=1
E_BADARGS=70
E_NOT_FOUND=71
E_CHANGED_MIND=72

if [ -z "$1" ]
then
  echo "Usage: `basename $0` filename"
  exit $E_BADARGS
fi

file=$1

if [ ! -e "$file" ]
then
  echo "File /"file/" not found."
  exit $E_NOT_FOUND
fi

echo;echo -n "Are you absolutely sure you want to blot out /"$file/" (y/n)?"
read answer
case "$answer" in
 [nN]) echo "Changed your mind,huh?"
       exit $E_CHANGED_MIND
       ;;
  *)  echo "Blotting out file /"$file/".";;
esac

flength=$(ls -l "$file" | awk '{print $5}')
pass_count=1
chmod u+w "$file"
echo

while [ "$pass_count" -le "$PASSES" ]
do
  echo "Pass #$pass_count"
  sync                                                                                     -----------sync：把缓存数据写入磁盘
  dd if=/dev/zero of=$file bs=$BLOCKSIZE count=$flength   ----------- 按block块删除
  sync

  dd if=/dev/zero of=$file bs=$BLOCKSIZE count=$flength
  let "pass_count += 1"
  echo
done

rm -f $file
sync
echo "File /"$file/" blotted out and deleted.";echo
exit 0

 

6.文件名产生器

#! /bin/sh
BASE_STR=`mcookie`
POS=11
LEN=5
prefix=temp
suffix=${BASE_STR:POS:LEN}   --------提取从第11个字符之后的长度为5的字符串
temp_filename=$prefix.$suffix
echo "Temp filename = "$temp_filename""
exit 0

 

7.使用m4(m4宏处理)

#! /bin/sh
string=abcdA01
echo "len($string)" | m4
echo "substr($string,4)" | m4
echo "regexp($string,[0-1][0-1],/&Z)" | m4

echo "incr(22)" | m4
echo "eval(99 / 3)" | m4

exit 0