Netty4之EventLoop浅析

EventLoop

EventLoop继承自 EventExecutor， EventLoopGroup。从这点可以看出 EventLoop首先是一个Executor，任务执行器。
再者它本身是一个环，能够负载均衡执行压力。可以说EventLoop是Netty4的一个核心，整个Netty4的运转都是围绕着它。

一、认识EventLoop有哪些方法（下面列举的是一些比较典型的）

 EventLoop next()
	Future<?> submit(Runnable task)
	ChannelFuture register(Channel channel)
	ScheduledFuture<?> schedule(Runnable command, long delay, TimeUnit unit)
	Future<?> shutdownGracefully()

从这些方法，我们可以清晰的认识到EventLoop可以实现以下功能：

引用

1. 执行任务（IO/非IO任务）
2. 将Channel绑定到EventLoop上
3. 执行定时任务
4. 关闭任务

二、SingleThreadEventLoop & NioEventLoop - EventLoop的2个关键实现
SingleThreadEventLoop继承自 SingleThreadEventExecutor这是一个标准的线程池的实现。和JDK中线程池的实现大同小异。主要的用处就是执行任务。
NioEventLoop继承自 SingleThreadEventLoop也就是说他具备执行任务的能力。但是它更重要的是每个 NioEventLoop里面包含一个Selector，也就是说
它具备网络处理能力。我们来看看它是如何工作的。

启动时打开一个Selector

从下面代码可以看到，Channel是这样绑定到NioEventLoop上的

protected void doRegister() throws Exception {
        boolean selected = false;
        for (;;) {
            try {
                selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().selector, 0, this);
                return;
            } catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
                if (!selected) {
                    // Force the Selector to select now as the "canceled" SelectionKey may still be
                    // cached and not removed because no Select.select(..) operation was called yet.
                    eventLoop().selectNow();
                    selected = true;
                } else {
                    // We forced a select operation on the selector before but the SelectionKey is still cached
                    // for whatever reason. JDK bug ?
                    throw e;
                }
            }
        }
    }

从下面代码看到NioEventLoop做的事情就是处理各种NIO事件

@Override
    protected void run() {
        for (;;) {
            oldWakenUp = wakenUp.getAndSet(false);
            try {
                if (hasTasks()) {
                    selectNow();
                } else {
                    select();
                    if (wakenUp.get()) {
                        selector.wakeup();
                    }
                }

                cancelledKeys = 0;

                final long ioStartTime = System.nanoTime();
                needsToSelectAgain = false;
                if (selectedKeys != null) {
                    processSelectedKeysOptimized(selectedKeys.flip());
                } else {
                    processSelectedKeysPlain(selector.selectedKeys());
                }
                final long ioTime = System.nanoTime() - ioStartTime;

                final int ioRatio = this.ioRatio;
                runAllTasks(ioTime * (100 - ioRatio) / ioRatio);

                if (isShuttingDown()) {
                    closeAll();
                    if (confirmShutdown()) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                logger.warn("Unexpected exception in the selector loop.", t);

                // Prevent possible consecutive immediate failures that lead to
                // excessive CPU consumption.
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    // Ignore.
                }
            }
        }
    }

private static void processSelectedKey(SelectionKey k, AbstractNioChannel ch) {
        final NioUnsafe unsafe = ch.unsafe();
        if (!k.isValid()) {
            // close the channel if the key is not valid anymore
            unsafe.close(unsafe.voidPromise());
            return;
        }

        try {
            int readyOps = k.readyOps();
            // Also check for readOps of 0 to workaround possible JDK bug which may otherwise lead
            // to a spin loop
            if ((readyOps & (SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT)) != 0 || readyOps == 0) {
                unsafe.read();
                if (!ch.isOpen()) {
                    // Connection already closed - no need to handle write.
                    return;
                }
            }
            if ((readyOps & SelectionKey.OP_WRITE) != 0) {
                // Call forceFlush which will also take care of clear the OP_WRITE once there is nothing left to write
                ch.unsafe().forceFlush();
            }
            if ((readyOps & SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT) != 0) {
                // remove OP_CONNECT as otherwise Selector.select(..) will always return without blocking
                // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/924
                int ops = k.interestOps();
                ops &= ~SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT;
                k.interestOps(ops);

                unsafe.finishConnect();
            }
        } catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
            unsafe.close(unsafe.voidPromise());
        }
    }

Read操作最终会当作一个定时任务添加到NioEventLoop中被执行

public ChannelHandlerContext read() {
        final DefaultChannelHandlerContext next = findContextOutbound();
        EventExecutor executor = next.executor();
        if (executor.inEventLoop()) {
            next.invokeRead();
        } else {
            Runnable task = next.invokeReadTask;
            if (task == null) {
                next.invokeReadTask = task = new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        next.invokeRead();
                    }
                };
            }
            executor.execute(task);
        }

        return this;
    }

同样的Write操作会当作一个定时任务添加到NioEventLoop中被执行

private void write(Object msg, boolean flush, ChannelPromise promise) {

        DefaultChannelHandlerContext next = findContextOutbound();
        EventExecutor executor = next.executor();
        if (executor.inEventLoop()) {
            next.invokeWrite(msg, promise);
            if (flush) {
                next.invokeFlush();
            }
        } else {
            int size = channel.estimatorHandle().size(msg);
            if (size > 0) {
                ChannelOutboundBuffer buffer = channel.unsafe().outboundBuffer();
                // Check for null as it may be set to null if the channel is closed already
                if (buffer != null) {
                    buffer.incrementPendingOutboundBytes(size);
                }
            }
            safeExecute(executor, WriteTask.newInstance(next, msg, size, flush, promise), promise, msg);
        }
    }

总结：

• NioEventLoop是Netty4最基础的一个东西
• 在Netty4里面一切操作都是在NioEventLoop中被执行
• NioEventLoop既能执行IO任务，也能执行非IO任务，它可以被Channel绑定，处理Channel中IO事物，也可以用来向它提交任务，当作一个任务管理器使用