python 怎么自定义异常

如果你需要自定义异常的话,可以从Exception类派生。 在这个例子中,默认的__init__()异常已被我们重写。

>>> class MyError(Exception):
...     def __init__(self, value):
...         self.value = value
...     def __str__(self):
...         return repr(self.value)
...
>>> try:
...     raise MyError( 2* 2)
... except MyError as e:
...     print 'My exception occurred, value:', e.value
...
My exception occurred, value: 4
>>> raise MyError, 'oops!'
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
__main__.MyError: 'oops!'

常见的做法是创建一个由该模块定义的异常基类和子类,创建特定的异常类不同的错误条件。

我们通常定义的异常类,会让它比较简单,允许提取异常处理程序的错误信息,当创建一个异常模块的时候,常见的做法是创建一个由该模块定义的异常基类和子类,根据不同的错误条件,创建特定的异常类:

class Error(Exception):
    """Base class for exceptions in this module."""
    pass

class InputError(Error):
    """Exception raised for errors in the input.

   Attributes:
       expression -- input expression in which the error occurred
       message -- explanation of the error
   """

    def __init__(self, expression, message):
       self.expression = expression
       self.message = message

class TransitionError(Error):
    """Raised when an operation attempts a state transition that's not
   allowed.

   Attributes:
       previous -- state at beginning of transition
       next -- attempted new state
       message -- explanation of why the specific transition is not allowed
   """

    def __init__(self, previous, next, message):
       self.previous = previous
       self.next = next
       self.message = message

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