基于Spring-WS的Restful API的集成测试

在很多Java企业级应用中,Spring占据了非常重要的位置,这就导致了基本上的技术选型都是围绕着Spring来, 比方说笔者最近的项目需要开发一个Restful的API接口,选型的时候就说,客户架构师直接就拍了spring-ws,原因呢?系统中其他的模块都是用的Spring-ws,保持一致,而且社区活跃,文档丰富,遇到问题易解决。好了,入正题。

既然选定了Spring-WS, 已经TDD入魔的我,首先想到的就是我应该怎么测试这个API接口呢? 作为业界最成熟的框架,Spring为测试其Web应用提供了非常好用的辅助类MockMvc。

首先,在项目的测试代码中加入辅助Spring Web测试的库
testCompile(
            "org.springframework:spring-test:$springVersion",
            "org.springframework.ws:spring-ws-test:2.1.0.RELEASE",
            "javax.servlet:javax.servlet-api:3.0.1",
            "com.jayway.jsonpath:json-path-assert:0.9.0"
    )
其中,jsonpath库的依赖是为了更好的做json格式数据的断言。

然后,编写测试代码
//指定使用SpringIntegration测试,并且制定了运行测试的ApplicationContext
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring-servlet.xml"})
public class ApiControllerIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    private ApiController controller;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        //绑定需要测试的Controller到MockMvcshang
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controller).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testGet() throws Exception {
        //发出请求,在请求中可以设置一个http request可设置的所有参数
        mockMvc.perform(get("/requests/1")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .param("userId", "xianlinbox")
        )
        //验证Respondse,status()中,可验证所有的HTTP Status CODE
        //另外,使用了jsonPath更优雅的做json属性值的验证
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.userId").value("xianlinbox"))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.requestId").value("1"))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.requestType").value("GET"));
    }

    @Test
    public void testPost() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(post("/requests")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .content("this is the message")
                .param("userId", "xianlinbox")
        )
                //使用print()可打印出当前测试设计的HTTP Request/Responsed的所有信息,方便定位问题
                //Post方法的返回结果应该是202(HttpStatus.Created),对象创建成功
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(status().isCreated())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.userId").value("xianlinbox"))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.requestType").value("POST"))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.message").value("this is the message"));
    }

}

testPost方法中的print()语句打印出的效果如下:
MockHttpServletRequest:
         HTTP Method = POST
         Request URI = /requests
          Parameters = {userId=[xianlinbox]}
             Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json], Accept=[application/json]}

             Handler:
                Type = com.xianlinbox.api.ApiController
              Method = public com.xianlinbox.api.Request com.xianlinbox.api.ApiController.post(java.lang.String,java.lang.String)

               Async:
   Was async started = false
        Async result = null

  Resolved Exception:
                Type = null

        ModelAndView:
           View name = null
                View = null
               Model = null

            FlashMap:

MockHttpServletResponse:
              Status = 201
       Error message = null
             Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json;charset=UTF-8]}
        Content type = application/json;charset=UTF-8
                Body = {"userId":"xianlinbox","requestId":"1","requestType":"POST","message":"this is the message"}
       Forwarded URL = null
      Redirected URL = null
             Cookies = []

看完了测试, 来简单的看下具体的实现代码:
@Controller
public class ApiController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/requests/{requestId}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public Request get(@PathVariable String requestId, @RequestParam(value = "userId") String userId) {
        return new Request(userId, requestId, "GET");
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/requests", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    @ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.CREATED)
    public Request post(@RequestParam(value = "userId") String userId, @RequestBody String content) {
        Request request = new Request(userId, "1", "POST");
        request.setMessage(content);
        return request;
    }
}

  • 使用RequestMapping定义URL
  • 使用@ResponseBody表示返回json
  • 使用@PathVariable 获取路径参数
  • 使用@RequestParam获取request payload中的参数
  • 使用@RequestBody获取request body
  • 使用@ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.CREATED),定义返回的HTTP STATUS CODE


该Demo的所有代码: https://github.com/xianlinbox/TDD_Demo/tree/master/spring-ws-rest

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