Example 5-1. TCP port checker
#!/usr/bin/env python
import socket
import re
import sys
def check_server(address, port):
#create a TCP socket
s = socket.socket()
print "Attempting to connect to %s on port %s" % (address, port)
try:
s.connect((address, port))
print "Connected to %s on port %s" % (address, port)
return True
except socket.error, e:
print "Connection to %s on port %s failed: %s" % (address, port, e)
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
from optparse import OptionParser
parser = OptionParser()
parser.add_option("-a", "--address", dest="address", default='localhost',
help="ADDRESS for server", metavar="ADDRESS")
parser.add_option("-p", "--port", dest="port", type="int", default=80,
help="PORT for server", metavar="PORT")
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
print 'options: %s, args: %s' % (options, args)
check = check_server(options.address, options.port)
print 'check_server returned %s' % check
sys.exit(not check)
Example 5-2. Socket-based web server checker
#!/usr/bin/env python
import socket
import re
import sys
def check_webserver(address, port, resource):
#build up HTTP request string
if not resource.startswith('/'):
resource = '/' + resource
request_string = "GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: %s\r\n\r\n" % (resource, address)
print 'HTTP request:'
print '|||%s|||' % request_string
#create a TCP socket
s = socket.socket()
print "Attempting to connect to %s on port %s" % (address, port)
try:
s.connect((address, port))
print "Connected to %s on port %s" % (address, port)
s.send(request_string)
#we should only need the first 100 bytes or so
rsp = s.recv(100)
print 'Received 100 bytes of HTTP response'
print '|||%s|||' % rsp
except socket.error, e:
print "Connection to %s on port %s failed: %s" % (address, port, e)
return False
finally:
#be a good citizen and close your connection
print "Closing the connection"
s.close()
lines = rsp.splitlines()
print 'First line of HTTP response: %s' % lines[0]
try:
version, status, message = re.split(r'\s+', lines[0], 2)
print 'Version: %s, Status: %s, Message: %s' % (version, status, message)
except ValueError:
print 'Failed to split status line'
return False
if status in ['200', '301']:
print 'Success - status was %s' % status
return True
else:
print 'Status was %s' % status
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
from optparse import OptionParser
parser = OptionParser()
parser.add_option("-a", "--address", dest="address", default='localhost',
help="ADDRESS for webserver", metavar="ADDRESS")
parser.add_option("-p", "--port", dest="port", type="int", default=80,
help="PORT for webserver", metavar="PORT")
parser.add_option("-r", "--resource", dest="resource", default='index.html',
help="RESOURCE to check", metavar="RESOURCE")
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
print 'options: %s, args: %s' % (options, args)
check = check_webserver(options.address, options.port, options.resource)
print 'check_webserver returned %s' % check
sys.exit(not check)
Example 5-3. httplib-based web server checker
#!/usr/bin/env python
import httplib
import sys
def check_webserver(address, port, resource):
#create connection
if not resource.startswith('/'):
resource = '/' + resource
try:
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(address, port)
print 'HTTP connection created successfully'
#make request
req = conn.request('GET', resource)
print 'request for %s successful' % resource
#get response
response = conn.getresponse()
print 'response status: %s' % response.status
except sock.error, e:
print 'HTTP connection failed: %s' % e
return False
finally:
conn.close()
print 'HTTP connection closed successfully'
if response.status in [200, 301]:
return True
else:
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
from optparse import OptionParser
parser = OptionParser()
parser.add_option("-a", "--address", dest="address", default='localhost',
help="ADDRESS for webserver", metavar="ADDRESS")
parser.add_option("-p", "--port", dest="port", type="int", default=80,
help="PORT for webserver", metavar="PORT")
parser.add_option("-r", "--resource", dest="resource", default='index.html',
help="RESOURCE to check", metavar="RESOURCE")
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
print 'options: %s, args: %s' % (options, args)
check = check_webserver(options.address, options.port, options.resource)
print 'check_webserver returned %s' % check
sys.exit(not check)
Example 5-4. FTP URL retriever using ftplib
#!/usr/bin/env python
from ftplib import FTP
import ftplib
import sys
from optparse import OptionParser
parser = OptionParser()
parser.add_option("-a", "--remote_host_address", dest="remote_host_address",
help="REMOTE FTP HOST.",
metavar="REMOTE FTP HOST")
parser.add_option("-r", "--remote_file", dest="remote_file",
help="REMOTE FILE NAME to download.",
metavar="REMOTE FILE NAME")
parser.add_option("-l", "--local_file", dest="local_file",
help="LOCAL FILE NAME to save remote file to", metavar="LOCAL FILE NAME")
parser.add_option("-u", "--username", dest="username",
help="USERNAME for ftp server", metavar="USERNAME")
parser.add_option("-p", "--password", dest="password",
help="PASSWORD for ftp server", metavar="PASSWORD")
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
if not (options.remote_file and
options.local_file and
options.remote_host_address):
parser.error('REMOTE HOST, LOCAL FILE NAME, ' \
'and REMOTE FILE NAME are mandatory')
if options.username and not options.password:
parser.error('PASSWORD is mandatory if USERNAME is present')
ftp = FTP(options.remote_host_address)
if options.username:
try:
ftp.login(options.username, options.password)
except ftplib.error_perm, e:
print "Login failed: %s" % e
sys.exit(1)
else:
try:
ftp.login()
except ftplib.error_perm, e:
print "Anonymous login failed: %s" % e
sys.exit(1)
try:
local_file = open(options.local_file, 'wb')
ftp.retrbinary('RETR %s' % options.remote_file, local_file.write)
finally:
local_file.close()
ftp.close()
Example 5-5. FTP URL retriever using urllib
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
url retriever
Usage:
url_retrieve_urllib.py URL FILENAME
URL:
If the URL is an FTP URL the format should be:
ftp://[username[:password]@]hostname/filename
If you want to use absolute paths to the file to download,
you should make the URL look something like this:
ftp://user:password@host/%2Fpath/to/myfile.txt
Notice the '%2F' at the beginning of the path to the file.
FILENAME:
absolute or relative path to the filename to save downloaded file as
"""
import urllib
import sys
if '-h' in sys.argv or '--help' in sys.argv:
print __doc__
sys.exit(1)
if not len(sys.argv) == 3:
print 'URL and FILENAME are mandatory'
print __doc__
sys.exit(1)
url = sys.argv[1]
filename = sys.argv[2]
urllib.urlretrieve(url, filename)
Example 5-6. Simple XML-RPC server
#!/usr/bin/env python
import SimpleXMLRPCServer
import os
def ls(directory):
try:
return os.listdir(directory)
except OSError:
return []
def ls_boom(directory):
return os.listdir(directory)
def cb(obj):
print "OBJECT::", obj
print "OBJECT.__class__::", obj.__class__
return obj.cb()
if __name__ == '__main__':
s = SimpleXMLRPCServer.SimpleXMLRPCServer(('127.0.0.1', 8765))
s.register_function(ls)
s.register_function(ls_boom)
s.register_function(cb)
s.serve_forever()
Example 5-7. Simple Pyro server
#!/usr/bin/env python
import Pyro.core
import os
from xmlrpc_pyro_diff import PSACB
class PSAExample(Pyro.core.ObjBase):
def ls(self, directory):
try:
return os.listdir(directory)
except OSError:
return []
def ls_boom(self, directory):
return os.listdir(directory)
def cb(self, obj):
print "OBJECT:", obj
print "OBJECT.__class__:", obj.__class__
return obj.cb()
if __name__ == '__main__':
Pyro.core.initServer()
daemon=Pyro.core.Daemon()
uri=daemon.connect(PSAExample(),"psaexample")
print "The daemon runs on port:",daemon.port
print "The object's uri is:",uri
daemon.requestLoop()
Example 5-8. Differences between XML-RPC and Pyro
import Pyro.core
import xmlrpclib
class PSACB:
def __init__(self):
self.some_attribute = 1
def cb(self):
return "PSA callback"
if __name__ == '__main__':
cb = PSACB()
print "PYRO SECTION"
print "*" * 20
psapyro = Pyro.core.getProxyForURI("PYROLOC://localhost:7766/psaexample")
print "-->>", psapyro.cb(cb)
print "*" * 20
print "XML-RPC SECTION"
print "*" * 20
psaxmlrpc = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy('http://localhost:8765')
print "-->>", psaxmlrpc.cb(cb)
print "*" * 20
Example 5-9. Connecting to an SSH server and remotely executing a command
#!/usr/bin/env python
import paramiko
hostname = '192.168.1.15'
port = 22
username = 'jmjones'
password = 'xxxYYYxxx'
if __name__ == "__main__":
paramiko.util.log_to_file('paramiko.log')
s = paramiko.SSHClient()
s.load_system_host_keys()
s.connect(hostname, port, username, password)
stdin, stdout, stderr = s.exec_command('ifconfig')
print stdout.read()
s.close()
Example 5-10. Retrieving files from an SSH server
#!/usr/bin/env python
import paramiko
import os
hostname = '192.168.1.15'
port = 22
username = 'jmjones'
password = 'xxxYYYxxx'
dir_path = '/home/jmjones/logs'
if __name__ == "__main__":
t = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port))
t.connect(username=username, password=password)
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)
files = sftp.listdir(dir_path)
for f in files:
print 'Retrieving', f
sftp.get(os.path.join(dir_path, f), f)
t.close()
Example 5-11. Connecting to an SSH server and remotely executing a command—private keys
enabled
#!/usr/bin/env python
import paramiko
hostname = '192.168.1.15'
port = 22
username = 'jmjones'
pkey_file = '/home/jmjones/.ssh/id_rsa'
if __name__ == "__main__":
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(pkey_file)
s = paramiko.SSHClient()
s.load_system_host_keys()
s.connect(hostname, port, pkey=key)
stdin, stdout, stderr = s.exec_command('ifconfig')
print stdout.read()
s.close()
Example 5-12. Retrieving files from an SSH server
#!/usr/bin/env python
import paramiko
import os
hostname = '192.168.1.15'
port = 22
username = 'jmjones'
dir_path = '/home/jmjones/logs'
pkey_file = '/home/jmjones/.ssh/id_rsa'
if __name__ == "__main__":
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(pkey_file)
t = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port))
t.connect(username=username, pkey=key)
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)
files = sftp.listdir(dir_path)
for f in files:
print 'Retrieving', f
sftp.get(os.path.join(dir_path, f), f)
t.close()
Example 5-13. Port checker implemented in Twisted
#!/usr/bin/env python
from twisted.internet import reactor, protocol
import sys
class PortCheckerProtocol(protocol.Protocol):
def __init__(self):
print "Created a new protocol"
def connectionMade(self):
print "Connection made"
reactor.stop()
class PortCheckerClientFactory(protocol.ClientFactory):
protocol = PortCheckerProtocol
def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason):
print "Connection failed because", reason
reactor.stop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
host, port = sys.argv[1].split(':')
factory = PortCheckerClientFactory()
print "Testing %s" % sys.argv[1]
reactor.connectTCP(host, int(port), factory)
reactor.run()
Example 5-14. Twisted Perspective Broker server
import os
from twisted.spread import pb
from twisted.internet import reactor
class PBDirLister(pb.Root):
def remote_ls(self, directory):
try:
return os.listdir(directory)
except OSError:
return []
def remote_ls_boom(self, directory):
return os.listdir(directory)
if __name__ == '__main__':
reactor.listenTCP(9876, pb.PBServerFactory(PBDirLister()))
reactor.run()
Example 5-15. Twisted Perspective Broker client
#!/usr/bin/python
from twisted.spread import pb
from twisted.internet import reactor
def handle_err(reason):
print "an error occurred", reason
reactor.stop()
def call_ls(def_call_obj):
return def_call_obj.callRemote('ls', '/home/jmjones/logs')
def print_ls(print_result):
print print_result
reactor.stop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
factory = pb.PBClientFactory()
reactor.connectTCP("localhost", 9876, factory)
d = factory.getRootObject()
d.addCallback(call_ls)
d.addCallback(print_ls)
d.addErrback(handle_err)
reactor.run()
Example 5-16. Twisted Perspective Broker client—error
#!/usr/bin/python
from twisted.spread import pb
from twisted.internet import reactor
def handle_err(reason):
print "an error occurred", reason
reactor.stop()
def call_ls(def_call_obj):
return def_call_obj.callRemote('ls_boom', '/foo')
def print_ls(print_result):
print print_result
reactor.stop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
factory = pb.PBClientFactory()
reactor.connectTCP("localhost", 9876, factory)
d = factory.getRootObject()
d.addCallback(call_ls)
d.addCallback(print_ls)
d.addErrback(handle_err)
reactor.run()
