Oracle 物化视图 详细错误描述 查看方法

Oracle的物化视图提供了强大的功能，可以用于预先计算并保存表连接或聚集等耗时较多的操作的结果，这样，在执行查询时，就可以避免进行这些耗时的操作，而从快速的得到结果。关于物化视图相关的说明参考：

Oracle 物化视图

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/4713553

Oracle 物化视图 快速刷新 限制 说明

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/7719679

在我们创建物化视图失败时，Oracle给的错误信息过于简单，不能帮助我们定位具体的问题，Oracle 为此提供了dbms_mview.explain_mview过程帮助我们快速定位问题的原因。

一.EXPLAIN_MVIEW说明

使用explain_mview过程先要建立mv_capabilities_table表，建表的脚步是$oracle_home/rdbms/admin/utlxmv.sql。（explain_mview过程是两个过程的重载，一个输出到mv_capabilities_table表，另一个以pl/sql的varray格式输出）。

SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/utlxmv.sql

Table created.

查看utlxmv.sql 脚本，可以看到mv_capabilities_tables 表的定义：

CREATETABLEMV_CAPABILITIES_TABLE

(STATEMENT_ID VARCHAR(30),--Client-supplied unique statement identifier

MVOWNER VARCHAR(30),-- NULLfor SELECT based EXPLAIN_MVIEW

MVNAME VARCHAR(30),-- NULLfor SELECT based EXPLAIN_MVIEW

CAPABILITY_NAME VARCHAR(30), -- A descriptivename of the particular

--capability:

--REWRITE

-- Can do at least full text match

-- rewrite

--REWRITE_PARTIAL_TEXT_MATCH

-- Can do at leat full and partial

-- text match rewrite

--REWRITE_GENERAL

-- Can do all forms of rewrite

-- REFRESH

-- Can do at least complete refresh

--REFRESH_FROM_LOG_AFTER_INSERT

-- Can do fast refresh from an mv log

-- or change capture table at least

-- when update operations are

-- restricted to INSERT

--REFRESH_FROM_LOG_AFTER_ANY

-- can do fast refresh from an mv log

-- or change capture table after any

--combination of updates

-- PCT

-- Can do Enhanced Update Tracking on

-- the table named in the RELATED_NAME

--column. EUT is needed for fast

-- refresh after partitioned

-- maintenance operations on the table

-- named in the RELATED_NAME column

-- and to do non-stale tolerated

-- rewrite when the mv is partially

-- stale with respect to the table

-- named in the RELATED_NAME column.

-- EUT can also sometimes enable fast

-- refresh of updates to the table

--named in the RELATED_NAME column

-- when fast refresh from an mv log

-- or change capture table is not

-- possilbe.

POSSIBLE CHARACTER(1), -- T = capabilityis possible

-- F =capability is not possible

RELATED_TEXT VARCHAR(2000),-- Owner.table.column, alias name,etc.

-- related to this message. The

--specific meaning of this column

--depends on the MSGNO column. See

-- thedocumentation for

--DBMS_MVIEW.EXPLAIN_MVIEW() for details

RELATED_NUM NUMBER, -- When there is a numeric value

--associated with a row, it goes here.

-- The specific meaning of thiscolumn

--depends on the MSGNO column. See

-- thedocumentation for

--DBMS_MVIEW.EXPLAIN_MVIEW() for details

MSGNO INTEGER, -- When available, QSM message #

--explaining why not possible or more

--details when enabled.

MSGTXT VARCHAR(2000),-- Text associated with MSGNO.

SEQ NUMBER);

-- Useful in ORDERBY clause when

--selecting from this table.

二．Explain_mview 使用示例

dbms_mview.explain_mview能分析三种不同的物化视图代码，分别是：

1.定义的查询

2.一个create materialized view的语句

3.一个存在的物化视图

因为物化视图在语法有一定的限制，所以在创建物化视图之前我们可以先使用explain_mview 过程来验证一下语法上的问题。如：

SQL> execdbms_mview.explain_mview('select * from dave');

PL/SQL proceduresuccessfully completed.

--然后查看mv_capabilities_table 表：

SQL> desc mv_capabilities_table

Name

---------------------------------

STATEMENT_ID

MVOWNER

MVNAME

CAPABILITY_NAME

POSSIBLE

RELATED_TEXT

RELATED_NUM

MSGNO

MSGTXT

SEQ

SQL> selectcapability_name,possible,msgtxt from mv_capabilities_table;

CAPABILITY_NAME P MSGTXT

------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PCT N

REFRESH_COMPLETE N no primary key constraint inthe master table

--这里提示我们主表没有主键，

REFRESH_FAST N

REWRITE N

PCT_TABLE N Oracle error: seeRELATED_NUM and RELATED_TEXT for details

REFRESH_FAST_AFTER_INSERT N the detail table does not have amaterialized view log

REFRESH_FAST_AFTER_ONETAB_DML N see the reason why REFRESH_FAST_AFTER_INSERTis disabled

REFRESH_FAST_AFTER_ANY_DML N see the reason whyREFRESH_FAST_AFTER_ONETAB_DML is disabled

REFRESH_FAST_PCT N PCT is not possible on any ofthe detail tables in the materialized view

REWRITE_FULL_TEXT_MATCH NOracle error: see RELATED_NUM and RELATED_TEXT for details

REWRITE_PARTIAL_TEXT_MATCH N materialized view cannot support anytype of query rewrite

REWRITE_GENERAL N materialized view cannotsupport any type of query rewrite

REWRITE_PCT N general rewrite is notpossible or PCT is not possible on any of the detail tables

PCT_TABLE_REWRITE N Oracle error: see RELATED_NUMand RELATED_TEXT for details

--这里会显示所有不符合的地方。

SQL> create materialized view mv_daverefresh fast on demand as select * from dave;

create materialized view mv_dave refreshfast on demand as select * from dave

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-12014: 表 'DAVE' 不包含主键约束条件

--如果我们直接使用上面的语句，就会出现没有主键的错误。

我们创建一个新的物化视图，然后使用explain_mview 来验证：

SQL> create table anqing as select *from all_users;

Table created.

SQL> create materialized view mv_daverefresh force on demand as select * from anqing;

Materialized view created.

SQL> exec dbms_mview.explain_mview('mv_dave');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> selectcapability_name,possible,msgtxt from mv_capabilities_table wheremvname='MV_DAVE';

CAPABILITY_NAME P MSGTXT

------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PCT N

REFRESH_COMPLETE Y

REFRESH_FAST N

REWRITE N

PCT_TABLE N Oracle error: seeRELATED_NUM and RELATED_TEXT for details

REFRESH_FAST_AFTER_INSERT N does not meet the requirements of aprimary key mv

REFRESH_FAST_AFTER_ONETAB_DML N see the reason whyREFRESH_FAST_AFTER_INSERT is disabled

REFRESH_FAST_AFTER_ANY_DML N see the reason whyREFRESH_FAST_AFTER_ONETAB_DML is disabled

REFRESH_FAST_PCT N PCT is not possible on any ofthe detail tables in the materialized view

REWRITE_FULL_TEXT_MATCH N Oracle error: see RELATED_NUM andRELATED_TEXT for details

REWRITE_FULL_TEXT_MATCH N query rewrite is disabled on thematerialized view

REWRITE_PARTIAL_TEXT_MATCH N materialized view cannot support anytype of query rewrite

REWRITE_PARTIAL_TEXT_MATCH N query rewrite is disabled on thematerialized view

REWRITE_GENERAL N materialized view cannotsupport any type of query rewrite

REWRITE_GENERAL N query rewrite is disabled onthe materialized view

REWRITE_PCT N general rewrite is not possible or PCT isnot possible on any of the detail tables

PCT_TABLE_REWRITE N Oracle error: see RELATED_NUMand RELATED_TEXT for details

17 rows selected.

--这里就ok了。

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