oracle的常用sql语句

--查找占用最多数据库资源的sql
select * from
(select sql_text, rank() over (order by buffer_gets desc) as rank_bufgets,
to_char(100*ratio_to_report(buffer_gets) over(), '9999.99') pct_bufgets
from V$sql)
where rank_bufgets <11
--查阅占用的空间
select sum(bytes)
from dba_segments
where segment_type='TABLE'

--查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式
Select Created, Log_Mode From V$Database;
--查看日志文件
select member from v$logfile;
--查看控制文件
select name from v$controlfile;

--查看表空间的使用情况
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;

SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE, (B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;

--查看表空间的名称及大小
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
group by t.tablespace_name;

--查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;

--改变用户口令
alter user sys identified by Passw0rd;
--查看数据表上的索引
select table_name, index_name, column_name, column_position
from dba_ind_columns
where table_name=upper('&tb') and table_owner=upper('&tb_own')
order by index_name, column_position

一些常用的表,视图,索引查询的SQL

获取锁定对象的信息：

select L.OS_USER_NAME,
L.ORACLE_USERNAME,
L.SESSION_ID,
DECODE(L.LOCKED_MODE,
0,
'None',
1,
'Null',
2,
'Row share',
3,
'Row Exclusive',
4,
'Share',
5,
'Share Row Exclusive',
6,
'Exclusive') LOCK_TYPE,
O.OBJECT_NAME,
XIDUSN RB_SEG#,
XIDSLOT,
XIDSQN SCN
from V$LOCKED_OBJECT L,
ALL_OBJECTS O
where L.OBJECT_ID = O.OBJECT_ID;

Find Big SQL:

SELECT C.SID, A.SQL_TEXT, ROUND(B.VALUE / A.EXECUTIONS) VLUE_PER_EXEC, C.STATUS, 'Phiscal reads' PR, C.MODULE, C.MACHINE FROM V$SQL A, V$SESSTAT B, V$SESSION C WHERE A.HASH_VALUE = C.SQL_HASH_VALUE AND B.SID = C.SID AND B.STATISTIC# = 42 ORDER BY 3 DESC;
select a.sql_text, a.elapsed_time / a.executions aa from v$sql a where a.executions > 100 order by 2 desc;

REM getsql.sql
REM author eygle
REM 在windows上,已知进程ID,得到当前正在执行的语句
REM 在windows上,进程ID为16进制,需要转换,在UNIX直接为10进制
SELECT /*+ ORDERED */
sql_text
FROM v$sqltext a
WHERE (a.hash_value, a.address) IN (
SELECT DECODE (sql_hash_value,
0, prev_hash_value,
sql_hash_value
),
DECODE (sql_hash_value, 0, prev_sql_addr, sql_address)
FROM v$session b
WHERE b.paddr = (SELECT addr
FROM v$process c
WHERE c.spid = TO_NUMBER ('&pid', 'xxxx')))
ORDER BY piece ASC
/

http://blog.itpub.net/post/7923/49452

表：
　　select * from cat;
　　select * from tab;
　　select table_name from user_tables;
视图：
　　select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name');
索引：
　　select index_name,table_owner,table_name,tablespace_name,status from user_indexes order by table_name;
触发器：
　　select trigger_name,trigger_type,table_owner,table_name,status from user_triggers;
快照：
　　select owner,name,master,table_name,last_refresh,next from user_snapshots order by owner,next;
同义词：
　　select * from syn;
序列：
　　select * from seq;
数据库链路：
　　select * from user_db_links;
约束限制：
　　select TABLE_NAME,CONSTRAINT_NAME,SEARCH_CONDITION,STATUS from user_constraints;
本用户读取其他用户对象的权限：
　　select * from user_tab_privs;
本用户所拥有的系统权限：
　　select * from user_sys_privs;
用户：
　　select * from all_users order by user_id;
表空间剩余自由空间情况：
　　select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) 总字节数,max(bytes),count(*) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name；
数据字典：
　　select table_name from dict order by table_name;
锁及资源信息：
　　select * from v$lock;不包括DDL锁
数据库字符集：
　　select name,value$ from props$ where name='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
inin.ora参数：
　　select name,value from v$parameter order by name;
SQL共享池：
　　select sql_text from v$sqlarea;
数据库：
　　select * from v$database
控制文件：
　　select * from V$controlfile;
重做日志文件信息：
　　select * from V$logfile;
来自控制文件中的日志文件信息：
　　select * from V$log;
来自控制文件中的数据文件信息：
　　select * from V$datafile;
NLS参数当前值：
　　select * from V$nls_parameters;
ORACLE版本信息：
　　select * from v$version;
描述后台进程：
　　select * from v$bgprocess;
查看版本信息：
　　select * from product_component_version;
[ORACLE LANG]
监控数据库性能的SQL
1. 监控事例的等待
select event,sum(decode(wait_Time,0,0,1)) "Prev",
sum(decode(wait_Time,0,1,0)) "Curr",count(*) "Tot"
from v$session_Wait
group by event order by 4;

2. 回滚段的争用情况
select name, waits, gets, waits/gets "Ratio"
from v$rollstat a, v$rollname b
where a.usn = b.usn;

3. 监控表空间的 I/O 比例
select df.tablespace_name name,df.file_name "file",f.phyrds pyr,
f.phyblkrd pbr,f.phywrts pyw, f.phyblkwrt pbw
from v$filestat f, dba_data_files df
where f.file# = df.file_id
order by df.tablespace_name;

4. 监控文件系统的 I/O 比例
select substr(a.file#,1,2) "#", substr(a.name,1,30) "Name",
a.status, a.bytes, b.phyrds, b.phywrts
from v$datafile a, v$filestat b
where a.file# = b.file#;

5.在某个用户下找所有的索引
select user_indexes.table_name, user_indexes.index_name,uniqueness, column_name
from user_ind_columns, user_indexes
where user_ind_columns.index_name = user_indexes.index_name
and user_ind_columns.table_name = user_indexes.table_name
order by user_indexes.table_type, user_indexes.table_name,
user_indexes.index_name, column_position;

6. 监控 SGA 的命中率
select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",
round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"
from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
where a.statistic# = 38 and b.statistic# = 39
and c.statistic# = 40;

7. 监控 SGA 中字典缓冲区的命中率
select parameter, gets,Getmisses , getmisses/(gets+getmisses)*100 "miss ratio",
(1-(sum(getmisses)/ (sum(gets)+sum(getmisses))))*100 "Hit ratio"
from v$rowcache
where gets+getmisses <>0
group by parameter, gets, getmisses;

8. 监控 SGA 中共享缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%
select sum(pins) "Total Pins", sum(reloads) "Total Reloads",
sum(reloads)/sum(pins) *100 libcache
from v$librarycache;
select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins) "hit radio",sum(reloads)/sum(pins) "reload percent"
from v$librarycache;

9. 显示所有数据库对象的类别和大小
select count(name) num_instances ,type ,sum(source_size) source_size ,
sum(parsed_size) parsed_size ,sum(code_size) code_size ,sum(error_size) error_size,
sum(source_size) +sum(parsed_size) +sum(code_size) +sum(error_size) size_required
from dba_object_size
group by type order by 2;

10. 监控 SGA 中重做日志缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%
SELECT name, gets, misses, immediate_gets, immediate_misses,
Decode(gets,0,0,misses/gets*100) ratio1,
Decode(immediate_gets+immediate_misses,0,0,
immediate_misses/(immediate_gets+immediate_misses)*100) ratio2
FROM v$latch WHERE name IN ('redo allocation', 'redo copy');

11. 监控内存和硬盘的排序比率，最好使它小于 .10，增加 sort_area_size
SELECT name, value FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ('sorts (memory)', 'sorts (disk)');

12. 监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句
SELECT osuser, username, sql_text from v$session a, v$sqltext b
where a.sql_address =b.address order by address, piece;

13. 监控字典缓冲区
SELECT (SUM(PINS - RELOADS)) / SUM(PINS) "LIB CACHE" FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE;
SELECT (SUM(GETS - GETMISSES - USAGE - FIXED)) / SUM(GETS) "ROW CACHE" FROM V$ROWCACHE;
SELECT SUM(PINS) "EXECUTIONS", SUM(RELOADS) "CACHE MISSES WHILE EXECUTING" FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE;
后者除以前者,此比率小于1%,接近0%为好。
SELECT SUM(GETS) "DICTIONARY GETS",SUM(GETMISSES) "DICTIONARY CACHE GET MISSES"
FROM V$ROWCACHE

14. 找ORACLE字符集
select * from sys.props$ where name='NLS_CHARACTERSET';

15. 监控 MTS
select busy/(busy+idle) "shared servers busy" from v$dispatcher;
此值大于0.5时，参数需加大
select sum(wait)/sum(totalq) "dispatcher waits" from v$queue where type='dispatcher';
select count(*) from v$dispatcher;
select servers_highwater from v$mts;
servers_highwater接近mts_max_servers时，参数需加大

16. 碎片程度
select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name
having count(tablespace_name)>10;
alter tablespace name coalesce;
alter table name deallocate unused;
create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space
union all
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;
select * from ts_blocks_v;
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
查看碎片程度高的表
SELECT segment_name table_name , COUNT(*) extents
FROM dba_segments WHERE owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') GROUP BY segment_name
HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX( COUNT(*) ) FROM dba_segments GROUP BY segment_name);

17. 表、索引的存储情况检查
select segment_name,sum(bytes),count(*) ext_quan from dba_extents where
tablespace_name='&tablespace_name' and segment_type='TABLE' group by tablespace_name,segment_name;
select segment_name,count(*) from dba_extents where segment_type='INDEX' and owner='&owner'
group by segment_name;

18、找使用CPU多的用户session
12是cpu used by this session
select a.sid,spid,status,substr(a.program,1,10) prog,a.terminal,osuser,value/60/100 value
from v$session a,v$process b,v$sesstat c
where c.statistic#=12 and c.sid=a.sid and a.paddr=b.addr order by value desc;

1、查看表空间的名称及大小
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
group by t.tablespace_name;

2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;

3、查看回滚段名称及大小
select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
order by segment_name ;

4、查看控制文件
select name from v$controlfile;

5、查看日志文件
select member from v$logfile;

6、查看表空间的使用情况
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;

7.如何查看各个表空间占用磁盘情况？
SQL> select
b.file_id 文件ID号,
b.tablespace_name 表空间名,
b.bytes 字节数,
(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) 已使用,
sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) 剩余空间,
sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 剩余百分比
from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b
where a.file_id=b.file_id
group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_id,b.bytes
order by b.file_id
7、查看数据库库对象
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;

8、查看数据库的版本　
Select version FROM Product_component_version
Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';

9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;

10 察看表锁
select
s.sid sid,
s.username username,
s.machine machine,
l.type type,
o.object_name object_name,
DECODE(l.lmode,
0,'None',
1,'Null',
2,'Row Share',
3,'Row Exlusive',
4,'Share',
5,'Sh/Row Exlusive',
6,'Exclusive') lmode,
DECODE(l.request,
0,'None',
1,'Null',
2,'Row Share',
3,'Row Exlusive',
4,'Share',
5,'Sh/Row Exlusive',
6,'Exclusive') request,
l.block block
from
v$lock l,
v$session s,
dba_objects o
where
l.sid = s.sid
and
username != 'SYSTEM'
and
o.object_id(+) = l.id1;

1.查出重复记录
SQL> select rowid,bm,mc from a where a.rowid!=(select max(rowid) from a b where a.bm=b.bm and a.mc=b.mc);

2.删除重复记录
SQL> delete from a a where a.rowid!=(select max(rowid) from a b where a.bm=b.bm and a.mc=b.mc);