trove是轻量级实现java.util Collections API的第三方开源项目
官网: http://trove.starlight-systems.com/overview
trove相比jdk原生的集合类有三个优势:
1、更高的性能
2、更底的内存消耗
3、除了实现原生Collections API并额外提供更强大的功能
集合是java编程最常用的API之一,把项目的集合对象改用trove替换就能获得性能提升和内存的节省。
这是对一个项目底成本的优化方案。
下面二段代码分别测试trove和原生的集合的性能
1. trove
public void testIterator(){
TIntObjectMap map = new TIntObjectHashMap();
for( int i = 0; i < 1000; i++){
Game g = new Game();
g.setName( "最终幻想" + i);
g.setSize(15000 + (i << 3));
g.setCtDate( new Date());
map.put(i, g);
}
int size = map.size();
TIntObjectIterator it = map.iterator();
for( int i = size; i > 0; i--){
it.advance();
System. out.println(it.key() + "=" + it.value());
if(it.key() == 3){
Game g = new Game();
g.setName( "最终幻想13");
g.setSize(15000 + (i << 3));
g.setCtDate( new Date());
it.setValue(g);
}
}
System. out.println( "=======================================" );
System. out.println(map.get(3));
}
2. HashMap
public void testIterator(){
Map map = new HashMap();
for( int i = 0; i < 1000; i++){
Game g = new Game();
g.setName( "最终幻想" + i);
g.setSize(15000 + (i << 3));
g.setCtDate( new Date());
map.put(i, g);
}
Set set = map.entrySet();
for( Iterator it = set.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ){
Entry e = (Entry )it.next();
System. out.println(e.getKey() + "=" + e.getValue());
if(((Integer)e.getKey()).intValue() == 3){
Game g = new Game();
g.setName( "最终幻想13");
g.setSize(18000);
g.setCtDate( new Date());
e.setValue(g);
}
}
System. out.println( "=======================================" );
System. out.println(map.get(3));
}
两段的测试结果,trove花费0.001s,HashMap花费0.090s
trove的测试代码使用其Map额外提供的iterator进行遍历,当然他也支持通过entrySet方式遍历。
使用SizeOf.jar计算上面两段的map占用内存的大小,trove占用214024byte,HashMap占用250128byte,可见内存方面节省的比率并是很大。
从官方下载的API中可以看中trove根据基础的数据类型实现了Map、List和Set,比如TIntObjectHashMap其key只能是int, value是继承Object的所有对象;TIntList只能存入int;TIntSet只能存入int。
在java里有些对象的hashCode和equals方法不能被覆盖(比如:String和数组),以这种对象为Map的key时就不能随心所欲,trove的提供的custom map可以解除这种约束,只需要实现HashingStrategy接口传递给Map,Map判断key是否相同时调用HashingStrategy的computeHashCode和equals代替object自身的hashCode和equals,以下是官网一个例子
For example, this code:
char[] foo, bar;
foo = new char[] {'a','b','c'};
bar = new char[] {'a','b','c'};
System.out.println(foo.hashCode() == bar.hashCode() ? "equal" : "not equal");
System.out.println(foo.equals(bar) ? "equal" : "not equal");
produces this output:
not equal
not equal
And so an entry stored in a java.util.HashMap with foo as a key could not be retrieved with bar, since there is no way to override hashCode() or equals() on language array objects.
In a gnu.trove.THashMap, however, you can implement a TObjectHashingStrategy to enable hashing on arrays:
class CharArrayStrategy implements TObjectHashingStrategy {
public int computeHashCode(Object o) {
char[] c = (char[])o;
// use the shift-add-xor class of string hashing functions
// cf. Ramakrishna and Zobel, "Performance in Practice
// of String Hashing Functions"
int h = 31; // seed chosen at random
for (int i = 0; i < c.length; i++) { // could skip invariants
h = h ^ ((h << 5) + (h >> 2) + c[i]); // L=5, R=2 works well for ASCII input
}
return h;
}
public boolean equals(Object o1, Object o2) {
char[] c1 = (char[])o1;
char[] c2 = (char[])o2;
if (c1.length != c2.length) { // could drop this check for fixed-length keys
return false;
}
for (int i = 0, len = c1.length; i < len; i++) { // could skip invariants
if (c1[i] != c2[i]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
总结:
Trove是很值得了解和使用的一个开源项目,你会喜欢上他的。