上述说明的拦截器在默认的Struts2应用中,根据惯例配置了若干个拦截器堆栈,详细情参看struts-default.xml
其中有一个拦截器堆栈比较特殊,他会应用在默认的每一个Action上。
<interceptor-stack name="defaultStack">
<interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
<interceptor-ref name="alias"/>
<interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
<interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
<interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
<interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
<interceptor-ref name="debugging"/>
<interceptor-ref name="profiling"/>
<interceptor-ref name="scopedModelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
<interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
<interceptor-ref name="staticParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="params">
<param name="excludeParams">dojo\..*</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
<interceptor-ref name="validation">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="workflow">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
每一个拦截器都可以配置参数,有两种方式配置参数,一是针对每一个拦截器定义参数,二是针对一个拦截器堆栈
统一定义所有的参数,例如:
<interceptor-ref name="validation">
<param name="excludeMethods">myValidationExcudeMethod</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="workflow">
<param name="excludeMethods">myWorkflowExcludeMethod</param>
</interceptor-ref>
或者
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack">
<param name="validation.excludeMethods">myValidationExcludeMethod</param>
<param name="workflow.excludeMethods">myWorkflowExcludeMethod</param>
</interceptor-ref>
每一个拦截器都有两个默认的参数:
excludeMethods - 过滤掉不使用拦截器的方法和
includeMethods ?C 使用拦截器的方法。
需要说明的几点:
1 拦截器执行的顺序按照定义的顺序执行,例如:
<interceptor-stack name="xaStack">
<interceptor-ref name="thisWillRunFirstInterceptor"/>
<interceptor-ref name="thisWillRunNextInterceptor"/>
<interceptor-ref name="followedByThisInterceptor"/>
<interceptor-ref name="thisWillRunLastInterceptor"/>
</interceptor-stack>
的执行顺序为:
thisWillRunFirstInterceptor
thisWillRunNextInterceptor
followedByThisInterceptor
thisWillRunLastInterceptor
MyAction1
MyAction2 (chain)
MyPreResultListener
MyResult (result)
thisWillRunLastInterceptor
followedByThisInterceptor
thisWillRunNextInterceptor
thisWillRunFirstInterceptor
2 使用默认拦截器配置每个Action都需要的拦截器堆栈,例如:
<action name="login" class="tutorial.Login">
<interceptor-ref name="timer"/>
<interceptor-ref name="logger"/>
<interceptor-ref name="default-stack"/>
<result name="input">login.jsp</result>
<result type="redirect-action">/secure/home</result>
</action>
可以按照如下的方式定义:
<interceptors>
<interceptor-stack name="myStack">
<interceptor-ref name="timer"/>
<interceptor-ref name="logger"/>
<interceptor-ref name="default-stack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<default-interceptor-ref name="myStack"/>
<action name="login" class="tutorial.Login">
<result name="input">login.jsp</result>
<result type="redirect-action">/secure/home</result>
</action>
3 如何访问HttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse或者HttpSession
有两种方法可以达到效果,使用ActionContext:
Map attibutes = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
或者实现相应的接口:
HttpSession SessionAware
HttpServletRequest ServletRequestAware
HttpServletResponse ServletResponseAware