下面主要是关于虚拟磁盘添加到虚拟机之后,如何分区和格式化的过程。
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evans@master:
/dev
$
sudo
fdisk
-l
Disk
/dev/sda
: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors
/track
, 5221 cylinders, total 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000b5cfd
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1
* 2048 81788927 40893440 83 Linux
/dev/sda2
81790974 83884031 1046529 5 Extended
/dev/sda5
81790976 83884031 1046528 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk
/dev/sdb
: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors
/track
, 7832 cylinders, total 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk
/dev/sdb
doesn't contain a valid partition table
|
/dev/sdb
就是新增的磁盘,上面还没有任何分区信息,下面来着手分区。由于是第二块磁盘,且我的需求也比较简单,直接在上面建立一个分区就可以了。
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evans@master:
/dev
$
sudo
fdisk
/dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xf1dfadb5.
Changes will remain
in
memory only,
until
you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
# 查看已经的分区信息,现在还没有,所以下面的列表也是空的
Command (m
for
help): p
Disk
/dev/sdb
: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors
/track
, 7832 cylinders, total 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf1dfadb5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
# 建立新分区
Command (m
for
help): n
Partition
type
:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4
free
)
e extended
# 先了一个主分区,开始和结束的扇区用的都是默认值,直接回车就好了
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-125829119, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-125829119, default 125829119):
Using default value 125829119
# 分区建立好后,再次查看分区信息,列表中就多了一项 /dev/sdb1
Command (m
for
help): p
Disk
/dev/sdb
: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors
/track
, 7832 cylinders, total 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf1dfadb5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1
2048 125829119 62913536 83 Linux
# 将分区信息写入磁盘。如果不做这一步就直接退出的话,以上操作将全部无效。
Command (m
for
help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-
read
partition table.
Syncing disks.
|
完成分区操作后,我们再来看看磁盘上的变化:
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evans@master:
/dev
$
sudo
fdisk
-l
Disk
/dev/sda
: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors
/track
, 5221 cylinders, total 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000b5cfd
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1
* 2048 81788927 40893440 83 Linux
/dev/sda2
81790974 83884031 1046529 5 Extended
/dev/sda5
81790976 83884031 1046528 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk
/dev/sdb
: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
128 heads, 39 sectors
/track
, 25206 cylinders, total 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf1dfadb5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1
2048 125829119 62913536 83 Linux
|
最后一行,表明分区信息已经写入成功。第一将使用 fdisk -l
时,显示的信息表示 /dev/sdb
上没有有效的信息,这次有了。分区完成后,接着就开始格式化磁盘。
查看已有磁盘的格式,为了保持一致,新磁盘也采用同样的格式
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evans@master:
/dev
$
df
-T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1
ext4 40251776 30332612 7874492 80% /
udev devtmpfs 2053336 4 2053332 1%
/dev
tmpfs tmpfs 824260 840 823420 1%
/run
none tmpfs 5120 0 5120 0%
/run/lock
none tmpfs 2060648 1412 2059236 1%
/run/shm
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已有磁盘 /dev/sda1
用的是 ext4
,新磁盘也采用同样的格式。
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sudo
mkfs -t ext4
/dev/sdb1
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格式化完成后,磁盘就准备就绪了。但是这个磁盘必需“加载”后,才能够被使用。感觉就像是,在一个孤岛上建立一个房子,但人们却无法去使用。加载的过程,就如果是将孤岛与大陆连接起来。
先临时加载磁盘,非常简单
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sudo
mkdir
/android
sudo
mount
/dev/sdb1
/android
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好了,加载完成。现在,在 /android
目录下建立的所有文件,都将被存储在新的磁盘上。但是一旦系统重启,你又得重新加载一次了。如果觉得麻烦,那么就往下看看怎么自动加载。
自动加载是指在系统启动后,由操作系统来自动完成磁盘的加载。你的第一块磁盘 /dev/sda1
就是这样被加载的,安装操作系统时,这一步已经由安装程序顺便做了,现在我们自己来做。当然,过程也是简单的,只需要修改一下/etc/fstab
。
查看磁盘的UUID
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evans@master:~$
sudo
df
-h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1
39G 29G 7.6G 80% /
udev 2.0G 12K 2.0G 1%
/dev
tmpfs 805M 844K 805M 1%
/run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0%
/run/lock
none 2.0G 1.4M 2.0G 1%
/run/shm
/dev/sdb1
60G 180M 56G 1%
/home/evans/codebase/android
## 记下路径
evans@master:~$
sudo
blkid
/dev/sda1
: UUID=
"6314c61b-4ba2-43b6-933a-8575f69f93b5"
TYPE=
"ext4"
/dev/sda5
: UUID=
"5609fe6e-3a96-4fa5-924e-be18161f439c"
TYPE=
"swap"
/dev/sdb1
: UUID=
"842afa50-6a3c-4910-862d-c662c37bf081"
TYPE=
"ext4"
## 记下UUID
evans@master:~$
sudo
vi
/etc/fstab
9
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
10 UUID=6314c61b-4ba2-43b6-933a-8575f69f93b5 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# 将第10行复制然后再粘贴,再对其进行修改。
# 需要修改的内容有两处
# 一处是UUID,用上面的UUID进行替换
# 二是路径,将 / 替换为上面的自己的路径
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# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
10 UUID=6314c61b-4ba2-43b6-933a-8575f69f93b5 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
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# /home/evans/codebase/android on /dev/sdb1 during installation
13 UUID=842afa50-6a3c-4910-862d-c662c37bf081
/home/evans/codebase/android
ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
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