Qt Quick 技术的引入,使得你能够快速构建 UI ,具有动画、各种绚丽效果的 UI 都不在话下。但它不是万能的,也有很多局限性,原来 Qt 的一些技术,比如低阶的网络编程如 QTcpSocket ,多线程,又如 XML 文档处理类库 QXmlStreamReader / QXmlStreamWriter 等等,在 QML 中要么不可用,要么用起来不方便,所以呢,很多时候我们是会基于这样的原则来混合使用 QML 和 C++: QML 构建界面, C++ 实现非界面的业务逻辑和复杂运算。
版权所有 foruok ,转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/foruok 。
那这篇呢,我们就来看看 QML 和 C++ 之间如何交互。
其实话说回来, QML 的很多基本类型原本就是在 C++ 中实现的,比如 Item 对应 QQuickItem , Image 对应 QQuickImage , Text 对应 QQuickText ,……这样看来,在 QML 中访问 C++ 对象必然不成问题。然也!反过来,在 C++ 中其实也可以使用 QML 对象。
对于这两种情景,我们分别讲述。先看如何在 QML 中使用 C++ 类和对象。
首先我们需要创建一个 Qt Quick App ,请参考《Qt Quick 之 Hello World 图文详解》建立一个名为 colorMaker 的项目,接下来我们的学习将会伴随 colorMaker 项目进行,等我们讲完,一个完整的 colorMaker 项目也会完成。需要新建两个文件, colorMaker.h 和 colorMaker.cpp 。
colorMaker 只是一个示例项目,我在 C++ 中实现一个 ColorMaker 类,它可以被注册为一个 QML 类型供 QML 像内建类型一样使用,它的实例也可以导出为 QML 上下文属性在 QML 中访问。我们的示例只是在界面顶部显示当前时间(时间文字的颜色随时间变化而变化),在界面中间显示一个变色矩形,在界面底部放置几个按钮来控制颜色如何变化。
图 1 是效果图:
图 1 colorMaker 效果图
我们知道, QML 其实是对 JavaScript 的扩展,融合了 Qt Object 系统,它是一种新的解释型的语言, QML 引擎虽然由 Qt C++ 实现,但 QML 对象的运行环境,说到底和 C++ 对象的上下文环境是不同的,是平行的两个世界。如果你想在 QML 中访问 C++ 对象,那么必然要找到一种途径来在两个运行环境之间建立沟通桥梁。
Qt 提供了两种在 QML 环境中使用 C++ 对象的方式:
不管哪种方式,对要导出的 C++ 类都有要求,不是一个类的所有方法、变量都可以被 QML 使用,因此我们先来看看怎样让一个方法或属性可以被 QML 使用。
class ColorMaker : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
ColorMaker(QObject *parent = 0);
~ColorMaker();
signals:
void colorChanged(const QColor & color);
void currentTime(const QString &strTime);
public slots:
void start();
void stop();
};
class ColorMaker : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
ColorMaker(QObject *parent = 0);
~ColorMaker();
Q_INVOKABLE GenerateAlgorithm algorithm() const;
Q_INVOKABLE void setAlgorithm(GenerateAlgorithm algorithm);
signals:
void colorChanged(const QColor & color);
void currentTime(const QString &strTime);
public slots:
void start();
void stop();
};
Component.onCompleted: {
colorMaker.color = Qt.rgba(0,180,120, 255);
colorMaker.setAlgorithm(ColorMaker.LinearIncrease);
changeAlgorithm(colorAlgorithm, colorMaker.algorithm());
}
class ColorMaker : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
Q_ENUMS(GenerateAlgorithm)
public:
ColorMaker(QObject *parent = 0);
~ColorMaker();
enum GenerateAlgorithm{
RandomRGB,
RandomRed,
RandomGreen,
RandomBlue,
LinearIncrease
};
Q_INVOKABLE GenerateAlgorithm algorithm() const;
Q_INVOKABLE void setAlgorithm(GenerateAlgorithm algorithm);
signals:
void colorChanged(const QColor & color);
void currentTime(const QString &strTime);
public slots:
void start();
void stop();
};
Q_PROPERTY(type name
(READ getFunction [WRITE setFunction] |
MEMBER memberName [(READ getFunction | WRITE setFunction)])
[RESET resetFunction]
[NOTIFY notifySignal]
[REVISION int]
[DESIGNABLE bool]
[SCRIPTABLE bool]
[STORED bool]
[USER bool]
[CONSTANT]
[FINAL])
Q_PROPERTY(int x READ x)
class QQuickText : public QQuickImplicitSizeItem
{
Q_OBJECT
Q_ENUMS(HAlignment)
Q_PROPERTY(QString text READ text WRITE setText NOTIFY textChanged)
Q_PROPERTY(QFont font READ font WRITE setFont NOTIFY fontChanged)
Q_PROPERTY(QColor color READ color WRITE setColor NOTIFY colorChanged)
...
public:
enum HAlignment { AlignLeft = Qt::AlignLeft,
AlignRight = Qt::AlignRight,
AlignHCenter = Qt::AlignHCenter,
AlignJustify = Qt::AlignJustify };
...
QString text() const;
void setText(const QString &);
QFont font() const;
void setFont(const QFont &font);
QColor color() const;
void setColor(const QColor &c);
...
};
class ColorMaker : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
Q_ENUMS(GenerateAlgorithm)
Q_PROPERTY(QColor color READ color WRITE setColor NOTIFY colorChanged)
Q_PROPERTY(QColor timeColor READ timeColor)
public:
ColorMaker(QObject *parent = 0);
~ColorMaker();
enum GenerateAlgorithm{
RandomRGB,
RandomRed,
RandomGreen,
RandomBlue,
LinearIncrease
};
QColor color() const;
void setColor(const QColor & color);
QColor timeColor() const;
Q_INVOKABLE GenerateAlgorithm algorithm() const;
Q_INVOKABLE void setAlgorithm(GenerateAlgorithm algorithm);
signals:
void colorChanged(const QColor & color);
void currentTime(const QString &strTime);
public slots:
void start();
void stop();
protected:
void timerEvent(QTimerEvent *e);
private:
GenerateAlgorithm m_algorithm;
QColor m_currentColor;
int m_nColorTimer;
};
#include "colorMaker.h"
#include
#include
ColorMaker::ColorMaker(QObject *parent)
: QObject(parent)
, m_algorithm(RandomRGB)
, m_currentColor(Qt::black)
, m_nColorTimer(0)
{
qsrand(QDateTime::currentDateTime().toTime_t());
}
ColorMaker::~ColorMaker()
{
}
QColor ColorMaker::color() const
{
return m_currentColor;
}
void ColorMaker::setColor(const QColor &color)
{
m_currentColor = color;
emit colorChanged(m_currentColor);
}
QColor ColorMaker::timeColor() const
{
QTime time = QTime::currentTime();
int r = time.hour();
int g = time.minute()*2;
int b = time.second()*4;
return QColor::fromRgb(r, g, b);
}
ColorMaker::GenerateAlgorithm ColorMaker::algorithm() const
{
return m_algorithm;
}
void ColorMaker::setAlgorithm(GenerateAlgorithm algorithm)
{
m_algorithm = algorithm;
}
void ColorMaker::start()
{
if(m_nColorTimer == 0)
{
m_nColorTimer = startTimer(1000);
}
}
void ColorMaker::stop()
{
if(m_nColorTimer > 0)
{
killTimer(m_nColorTimer);
m_nColorTimer = 0;
}
}
void ColorMaker::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *e)
{
if(e->timerId() == m_nColorTimer)
{
switch(m_algorithm)
{
case RandomRGB:
m_currentColor.setRgb(qrand() % 255, qrand() % 255, qrand() % 255);
break;
case RandomRed:
m_currentColor.setRed(qrand() % 255);
break;
case RandomGreen:
m_currentColor.setGreen(qrand() % 255);
break;
case RandomBlue:
m_currentColor.setBlue(qrand() % 255);
break;
case LinearIncrease:
{
int r = m_currentColor.red() + 10;
int g = m_currentColor.green() + 10;
int b = m_currentColor.blue() + 10;
m_currentColor.setRgb(r % 255, g % 255, b % 255);
}
break;
}
emit colorChanged(m_currentColor);
emit currentTime(QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"));
}
else
{
QObject::timerEvent(e);
}
}
template
int qmlRegisterType(const char *uri, int versionMajor, int versionMinor, const char *qmlName);
template
int qmlRegisterType(const char *uri, int versionMajor, int versionMinor, const char *qmlName);
#include
#include "qtquick2applicationviewer.h"
#include
#include "colorMaker.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
qmlRegisterType("an.qt.ColorMaker", 1, 0, "ColorMaker");
QtQuick2ApplicationViewer viewer;
viewer.setMainQmlFile(QStringLiteral("qml/colorMaker/main.qml"));
viewer.showExpanded();
return app.exec();
}
import an.qt.ColorMaker 1.0
Rectangle {
width: 360;
height: 360;
ColorMaker {
id: colorMaker;
color: Qt.green;
}
}
import QtQuick 2.0
import QtQuick.Controls 1.1
import an.qt.ColorMaker 1.0
Rectangle {
width: 360;
height: 360;
Text {
id: timeLabel;
anchors.left: parent.left;
anchors.leftMargin: 4;
anchors.top: parent.top;
anchors.topMargin: 4;
font.pixelSize: 26;
}
ColorMaker {
id: colorMaker;
color: Qt.green;
}
Rectangle {
id: colorRect;
anchors.centerIn: parent;
width: 200;
height: 200;
color: "blue";
}
Button {
id: start;
text: "start";
anchors.left: parent.left;
anchors.leftMargin: 4;
anchors.bottom: parent.bottom;
anchors.bottomMargin: 4;
onClicked: {
colorMaker.start();
}
}
Button {
id: stop;
text: "stop";
anchors.left: start.right;
anchors.leftMargin: 4;
anchors.bottom: start.bottom;
onClicked: {
colorMaker.stop();
}
}
function changeAlgorithm(button, algorithm){
switch(algorithm)
{
case 0:
button.text = "RandomRGB";
break;
case 1:
button.text = "RandomRed";
break;
case 2:
button.text = "RandomGreen";
break;
case 3:
button.text = "RandomBlue";
break;
case 4:
button.text = "LinearIncrease";
break;
}
}
Button {
id: colorAlgorithm;
text: "RandomRGB";
anchors.left: stop.right;
anchors.leftMargin: 4;
anchors.bottom: start.bottom;
onClicked: {
var algorithm = (colorMaker.algorithm() + 1) % 5;
changeAlgorithm(colorAlgorithm, algorithm);
colorMaker.setAlgorithm(algorithm);
}
}
Button {
id: quit;
text: "quit";
anchors.left: colorAlgorithm.right;
anchors.leftMargin: 4;
anchors.bottom: start.bottom;
onClicked: {
Qt.quit();
}
}
Component.onCompleted: {
colorMaker.color = Qt.rgba(0,180,120, 255);
colorMaker.setAlgorithm(ColorMaker.LinearIncrease);
changeAlgorithm(colorAlgorithm, colorMaker.algorithm());
}
Connections {
target: colorMaker;
onCurrentTime:{
timeLabel.text = strTime;
timeLabel.color = colorMaker.timeColor;
}
}
Connections {
target: colorMaker;
onColorChanged:{
colorRect.color = color;
}
}
}
QColor ColorMaker::timeColor() const
{
QTime time = QTime::currentTime();
int r = time.hour();
int g = time.minute()*2;
int b = time.second()*4;
return QColor::fromRgb(r, g, b);
}
#include
#include "qtquick2applicationviewer.h"
#include
#include "colorMaker.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
QtQuick2ApplicationViewer viewer;
viewer.rootContext()->setContextProperty("colorMaker", new ColorMaker);
viewer.setMainQmlFile(QStringLiteral("qml/colorMaker/main.qml"));
viewer.showExpanded();
return app.exec();
}
viewer.rootContext()->setContextProperty("colorMaker", new ColorMaker);
ReferenceError: ColorMaker is not defined
import QtQuick 2.0
import QtQuick.Controls 1.1
//[1]
//import an.qt.ColorMaker 1.0
Rectangle {
width: 360;
height: 360;
Text {
id: timeLabel;
anchors.left: parent.left;
anchors.leftMargin: 4;
anchors.top: parent.top;
anchors.topMargin: 4;
font.pixelSize: 26;
}
/* [2]
ColorMaker {
id: colorMaker;
color: Qt.green;
}
*/
Rectangle {
id: colorRect;
anchors.centerIn: parent;
width: 200;
height: 200;
color: "blue";
}
Button {
id: start;
text: "start";
anchors.left: parent.left;
anchors.leftMargin: 4;
anchors.bottom: parent.bottom;
anchors.bottomMargin: 4;
onClicked: {
colorMaker.start();
}
}
Button {
id: stop;
text: "stop";
anchors.left: start.right;
anchors.leftMargin: 4;
anchors.bottom: start.bottom;
onClicked: {
colorMaker.stop();
}
}
function changeAlgorithm(button, algorithm){
switch(algorithm)
{
case 0:
button.text = "RandomRGB";
break;
case 1:
button.text = "RandomRed";
break;
case 2:
button.text = "RandomGreen";
break;
case 3:
button.text = "RandomBlue";
break;
case 4:
button.text = "LinearIncrease";
break;
}
}
Button {
id: colorAlgorithm;
text: "RandomRGB";
anchors.left: stop.right;
anchors.leftMargin: 4;
anchors.bottom: start.bottom;
onClicked: {
var algorithm = (colorMaker.algorithm() + 1) % 5;
changeAlgorithm(colorAlgorithm, algorithm);
colorMaker.setAlgorithm(algorithm);
}
}
Button {
id: quit;
text: "quit";
anchors.left: colorAlgorithm.right;
anchors.leftMargin: 4;
anchors.bottom: start.bottom;
onClicked: {
Qt.quit();
}
}
Component.onCompleted: {
colorMaker.color = Qt.rgba(0,180,120, 255);
//[3]
//colorMaker.setAlgorithm(ColorMaker.LinearIncrease);
colorMaker.setAlgorithm(2);
changeAlgorithm(colorAlgorithm, colorMaker.algorithm());
}
Connections {
target: colorMaker;
onCurrentTime:{
timeLabel.text = strTime;
timeLabel.color = colorMaker.timeColor;
}
}
Connections {
target: colorMaker;
onColorChanged:{
colorRect.color = color;
}
}
}
T QObject::findChild(const QString & name = QString(),\
Qt::FindChildOptions options = \
Qt::FindChildrenRecursively) const;
QList QObject::findChildren(const QString & name = \
QString(), Qt::FindChildOptions options = \
Qt::FindChildrenRecursively) const;
QList QObject::findChildren(const QRegExp & regExp, \
Qt::FindChildOptions options = \
Qt::FindChildrenRecursively) const;
QList QObject::findChildren(const QRegularExpression & re,\
Qt::FindChildOptions options = \
Qt::FindChildrenRecursively) const;
QPushButton *button = parentWidget->findChild("button1");
QList widgets = parentWidget.findChildren("widgetname");
bool QMetaObject::invokeMethod(QObject * obj, const char * member, Qt::ConnectionType type, QGenericReturnArgument ret, QGenericArgument val0 = QGenericArgument( 0 ), QGenericArgument val1 = QGenericArgument(), QGenericArgument val2 = QGenericArgument(), QGenericArgument val3 = QGenericArgument(), QGenericArgument val4 = QGenericArgument(), QGenericArgument val5 = QGenericArgument(), QGenericArgument val6 = QGenericArgument(), QGenericArgument val7 = QGenericArgument(), QGenericArgument val8 = QGenericArgument(), QGenericArgument val9 = QGenericArgument()) [static]
其实 QMetaObject 还有三个 invokeMethod() 函数,不过都是上面这个原型的重载,所以我们只要介绍上面这个就 OK 了。
QGenericArgument Q_ARG( Type, const Type & value)
QGenericReturnArgument Q_RETURN_ARG( Type, Type & value)
QString retVal;
QMetaObject::invokeMethod(obj, "compute", Qt::DirectConnection,
Q_RETURN_ARG(QString, retVal),
Q_ARG(QString, "sqrt"),
Q_ARG(int, 42),
Q_ARG(double, 9.7));
QMetaObject::invokeMethod(thread, "quit",
Qt::QueuedConnection);
import QtQuick 2.0
import QtQuick.Controls 1.1
Rectangle {
objectName: "rootRect";
width: 360;
height: 360;
Text {
objectName: "textLabel";
text: "Hello World";
anchors.centerIn: parent;
font.pixelSize: 26;
}
Button {
anchors.right: parent.right;
anchors.rightMargin: 4;
anchors.bottom: parent.bottom;
anchors.bottomMargin: 4;
text: "quit";
objectName: "quitButton";
}
}
#include
#include "qtquick2applicationviewer.h"
#include
#include "changeColor.h"
#include
#include
#include
#include
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
QtQuick2ApplicationViewer viewer;
viewer.setMainQmlFile(QStringLiteral("qml/callQml/main.qml"));
viewer.showExpanded();
QQuickItem * rootItem = viewer.rootObject();
new ChangeQmlColor(rootItem);
QObject * quitButton = rootItem->findChild("quitButton");
if(quitButton)
{
QObject::connect(quitButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), &app, SLOT(quit()));
}
QObject *textLabel = rootItem->findChild("textLabel");
if(textLabel)
{
//1. failed call
bool bRet = QMetaObject::invokeMethod(textLabel, "setText", Q_ARG(QString, "world hello"));
qDebug() << "call setText return - " << bRet;
textLabel->setProperty("color", QColor::fromRgb(255,0,0));
bRet = QMetaObject::invokeMethod(textLabel, "doLayout");
qDebug() << "call doLayout return - " << bRet;
}
return app.exec();
}
Starting D:\projects\...\release\callQml.exe...
QMetaObject::invokeMethod: No such method QQuickText::setText(QString)
call setText return - false
call doLayout return - true
new ChangeQmlColor(rootItem);
#ifndef CHANGECOLOR_H
#define CHANGECOLOR_H
#include
#include
class ChangeQmlColor : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
ChangeQmlColor(QObject *target, QObject *parent = 0);
~ChangeQmlColor();
protected slots:
void onTimeout();
private:
QTimer m_timer;
QObject *m_target;
};
#endif
#include "changeColor.h"
#include
#include
#include
ChangeQmlColor::ChangeQmlColor(QObject *target, QObject *parent)
: QObject(parent)
, m_timer(this)
, m_target(target)
{
qsrand(QDateTime::currentDateTime().toTime_t());
connect(&m_timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(onTimeout()));
m_timer.start(1000);
}
ChangeQmlColor::~ChangeQmlColor()
{}
void ChangeQmlColor::onTimeout()
{
QColor color = QColor::fromRgb(qrand()%256, qrand()%256, qrand()%256);
m_target->setProperty("color", color);
}
版权所有 foruok ,转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/foruok 。