Oracle 11g利用Create Database手工创建数据库

除了利用DBCA创建数据库之外，还可以利用Create Database语句手工创建数据库，不过Oracle建议利用DBCA建库，本篇主要探讨如何手工进行数据库的创建。

主要创建过程如下：

一、创建目录

[oracle@sz oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/db01/adump
[oracle@sz oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/db01/dpdump
[oracle@sz oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/db01/pfile
[oracle@sz oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/db01
[oracle@sz oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/db01
[oracle@sz oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01
[oracle@sz oracle]$ 

二、创建Pfile

[oracle@sz oracle]$ vim product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initdb01.ora 
---->设置以下3个即可，其他保持默认值

name='db01'
memory_target=1G
control_files = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/control02.ctl'

三、创建密码文件

[oracle@sz oracle]$ orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwdb01 entries=10

Enter password for SYS: 
[oracle@sz oracle]$ 

四、连接实例

[oracle@sz oracle]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Sep 5 05:42:59 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved

Connected to an idle instance.

五、创建SPfile

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

六、启动到NoMount状态

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  521936896 bytes
Fixed Size		    2254824 bytes
Variable Size		  314574872 bytes
Database Buffers	  201326592 bytes
Redo Buffers		    3780608 bytes
SQL> 

七、创建数据库

SQL> create database db01
  2  user SYS identified by oracle
  3  user SYSTEM identified by oracle
  4  logfile group 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo01a.log') size 100M blocksize 512,
  5          group 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo02a.log') size 100M blocksize 512,
  6          group 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo03a.log') size 100M blocksize 512
  7  maxlogfiles 5
  8  maxlogmembers 5
  9  maxloghistory 1
 10  maxdatafiles 100
 11  character set AL32UTF8
 12  national character set AL16UTF16
 13  extent management local
 14  datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/system01.dbf' size 325M reuse
 15  SYSAUX datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/sysaux01.dbf' size 325M reuse
 16  default tablespace users
 17  datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/users01.dbf' size 500M reuse autoextend on maxsize unlimited
 18  default temporary tablespace tempts1
 19  tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/temp01.dbf'
 20  size 50M reuse
 21  undo tablespace undotbs1
 22  datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/undotbs01.dbf'
 23  size 100M reuse autoextend on maxsize unlimited;

Database created.
SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;--->创建完数据库，数据库自动打开

INSTANCE_NAME	 STATUS
---------------- ------------
db01		 OPEN
SQL> 

八、运行脚本建立数据字典视图

以SYSDBA管理权限运行下面的脚本：
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql --->创建数据字典视图、动态性能视图和同义词
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql --->运行所有PL/SQL需要或使用的脚本
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql --->重新编译失效状态的PL/SQL模块，包括包、过程或类型
 以SYSTEM用户执行下面的脚本：
SQL> conn system/oracle
Connected.
SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql --->SQL*Plus相关的

九、利用netmgr配置监听

具体配置可参考Oracle 11g利用Netmgr配置监听器和服务

[oracle@sz oracle]$ more product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

DB01 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sz.pri.com)(PORT = 1522))
  )

ADR_BASE_DB01 = /u01/app/oracle

SID_LIST_SZ_PRI =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = szpri)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME = szpri)
    )
  )

SZ_PRI =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sz.pri.com)(PORT = 1521))
  )

SID_LIST_DB01 =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = db01)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME = db01)
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_SZ_PRI = /u01/app/oracle

[oracle@sz oracle]$ 
[oracle@sz oracle]$ lsnrctl start db01

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 09-SEP-2017 23:32:09

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/sz/db01/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sz.pri.com)(PORT=1522)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=sz.pri.com)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     db01
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                09-SEP-2017 23:32:09
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/sz/db01/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sz.pri.com)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "db01" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "db01", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@sz oracle]$