【RMAN】单实例环境RMAN备份和还原
一 实验环境
SQL> column product for a50
SQL> column version for a15
SQL> column status for a20
SQL> select * from product_component_version;
PRODUCT VERSION STATUS
-------------------------------------------------- --------------- --------------------
NLSRTL 11.2.0.4.0 Production
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition 11.2.0.4.0 64bit Production
PL/SQL 11.2.0.4.0 Production
TNS for Linux: 11.2.0.4.0 Production
二 备份数据库
1 全备数据库
[oracle@strong ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Jun 4 17:23:32 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1502844793)
RMAN> backup database plus archivelog; #备份整库以及归档日志
Starting backup at 04-JUN-18
current log archived
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=32 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=132 STAMP=977937115
input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=133 STAMP=977937824
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-JUN-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-JUN-18
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_04/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20180604T172345_fkb191oo_.bkp tag=TAG20180604T172345 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 04-JUN-18
Starting backup at 04-JUN-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/maintain01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-JUN-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-JUN-18
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_04/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180604T172346_fkb1939b_.bkp tag=TAG20180604T172346 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:48
Finished backup at 04-JUN-18
Starting backup at 04-JUN-18
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=134 STAMP=977938176
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-JUN-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-JUN-18
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_04/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20180604T172936_fkb1n12c_.bkp tag=TAG20180604T172936 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 04-JUN-18
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 04-JUN-18
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/ctl_c-1502844793-20180604-02 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 04-JUN-18
RMAN>
2 查看备份
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
11 3.52M DISK 00:00:00 04-JUN-18
BP Key: 11 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20180604T172345
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_04/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20180604T172345_fkb191oo_.bkp
List of Archived Logs in backup set 11
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
1 2 3337496 04-JUN-18 3338135 04-JUN-18
1 3 3338135 04-JUN-18 3340070 04-JUN-18
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
12 Full 1.51G DISK 00:05:42 04-JUN-18
BP Key: 12 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20180604T172346
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_04/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180604T172346_fkb1939b_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 12
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 3340079 04-JUN-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2 Full 3340079 04-JUN-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 3340079 04-JUN-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
4 Full 3340079 04-JUN-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
5 Full 3340079 04-JUN-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
6 Full 3340079 04-JUN-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf
7 Full 3340079 04-JUN-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf
8 Full 3340079 04-JUN-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/maintain01.dbf
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
13 325.50K DISK 00:00:01 04-JUN-18
BP Key: 13 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20180604T172936
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_04/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20180604T172936_fkb1n12c_.bkp
List of Archived Logs in backup set 13
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
1 4 3340070 04-JUN-18 3340404 04-JUN-18
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
14 Full 9.45M DISK 00:00:02 04-JUN-18
BP Key: 14 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20180604T172938
Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/ctl_c-1502844793-20180604-02
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 04-JUN-18
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 3340413 Ckp time: 04-JUN-18
RMAN>
三 模拟数据库故障（破坏整个数据库）
1 删除服务器参数文件
[oracle@strong ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora
2 删除所有数据库文件
1）删除闪回恢复区的控制文件
[oracle@strong ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/
[oracle@strong orcl]$ ll
total 9616
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 9846784 Jun 4 17:38 control02.ctl
[oracle@strong orcl]$ rm control02.ctl
[oracle@strong orcl]$ ll
total 0
2）删除数据目录中所有文件
[oracle@strong ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
[oracle@strong orcl]$ ll
total 3104508
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 9846784 Jun 4 17:36 control01.ctl
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 363077632 Jun 4 17:34 example01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 Jun 4 17:34 maintain01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 4 17:29 redo01.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 4 17:36 redo02.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 4 17:23 redo03.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 901783552 Jun 4 17:35 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1006641152 Jun 4 17:36 system01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Jun 4 17:04 temp01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 Jun 4 17:34 test01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 419438592 Jun 4 17:35 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Jun 4 17:34 users01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 Jun 4 17:34 users02.dbf
[oracle@strong orcl]$ rm *
[oracle@strong orcl]$ ll
total 0
四 还原数据库
1 还原服务器参数文件
1）还原spfile
[oracle@strong ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Jun 4 17:40:00 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount
startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'
starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size 2260088 bytes
Variable Size 281019272 bytes
Database Buffers 780140544 bytes
Redo Buffers 5517312 bytes
RMAN> restore spfile to '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora' from '/home/oracle/backup/ctl_c-1502844793-20180604-02';
Starting restore at 04-JUN-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /home/oracle/backup/ctl_c-1502844793-20180604-02
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 04-JUN-18
2）查看还原结果
[oracle@strong dbs]$ ll spfileorcl.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Jun 4 17:41 spfileorcl.ora
2 还原控制文件
RMAN> shutdown abort
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN> startup nomount
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes
Fixed Size 2255832 bytes
Variable Size 419431464 bytes
Database Buffers 201326592 bytes
Redo Buffers 3313664 bytes
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/backup/ctl_c-1502844793-20180604-02';
Starting restore at 04-JUN-18
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 04-JUN-18
3 还原数据文件
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 04-JUN-18
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 04-JUN-18
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 3 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 04-JUN-18
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 04-JUN-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 04-JUN-18
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00008 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/maintain01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_04/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180604T172346_fkb1939b_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_04/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180604T172346_fkb1939b_.bkp tag=TAG20180604T172346
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:03:18
Finished restore at 04-JUN-18
4 恢复数据库
RMAN> recover database until sequence 5 ;
Starting recover at 04-JUN-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 4 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2018_06_04/o1_mf_1_4_fkb1n04d_.arc
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2018_06_04/o1_mf_1_4_fkb1n04d_.arc thread=1 sequence=4
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 04-JUN-18
5 打开数据库
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
五 验证还原
1 查看数据文件
[oracle@strong orcl]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
[oracle@strong orcl]$ ll
total 3104500
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 9846784 Jun 4 17:54 control01.ctl
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 363077632 Jun 4 17:52 example01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 Jun 4 17:52 maintain01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 4 17:54 redo01.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 4 17:52 redo02.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 4 17:52 redo03.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 901783552 Jun 4 17:52 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1006641152 Jun 4 17:52 system01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Jun 4 17:53 temp01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 Jun 4 17:52 test01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 419438592 Jun 4 17:52 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Jun 4 17:52 users01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 Jun 4 17:52 users02.dbf
[oracle@strong orcl]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 9846784 Jun 4 17:54 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
2 查看数据库
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> select *from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 100 2000 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
至此，整个还原任务完成。